SK9243Y1 - Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok - Google Patents

Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok Download PDF

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Publication number
SK9243Y1
SK9243Y1 SK500842020U SK500842020U SK9243Y1 SK 9243 Y1 SK9243 Y1 SK 9243Y1 SK 500842020 U SK500842020 U SK 500842020U SK 500842020 U SK500842020 U SK 500842020U SK 9243 Y1 SK9243 Y1 SK 9243Y1
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Slovakia
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waste
cellulose
building element
structural
layer
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SK500842020U
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SK500842020U1 (sk
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Josef Kočí
Milan Valášek
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Perito S.R.O.
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Publication of SK9243Y1 publication Critical patent/SK9243Y1/sk

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/007—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres and at least partly composed of recycled material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
    • B32B23/02—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose in the form of fibres or filaments
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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    • B32B23/08—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/18—Waste materials; Refuse organic
    • C04B18/24—Vegetable refuse, e.g. rice husks, maize-ear refuse; Cellulosic materials, e.g. paper, cork
    • C04B18/241—Paper, e.g. waste paper; Paper pulp
    • C04B18/243—Waste from paper processing or recycling paper, e.g. de-inking sludge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
    • C04B26/006—Waste materials as binder
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E04B1/14—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements being composed of two or more materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/24—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20
    • E04C2/246—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20 combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
    • B27N1/02—Mixing the material with binding agent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
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Abstract

Technické riešenie sa týka konštrukčného a stavebného prvku obsahujúceho odpad (5) na báze celulózy, ktorý je tvorený výliskom (4) so základnou vrstvou (3) zo zmesi aditíva a drviny z odpadu (5) na báze celulózy, ktorý je vybavený z oboch strán kontaktnou vrstvou (2) a krycou vrstvou (1).

Description

Technické riešenie sa týka konštrukčného a stavebného prvku na báze odpadu na báze celulózy.
Doterajší stav techniky
Odpad na báze celulózy je na konci spracovateľského reťazca. Ide o separát z papierenskej výroby, triedený priemyselný a komunálny papierenský odpad s možnou prímesí na báze plastu. Pokiaľ sa tieto materiály ďalej nespracovávajú, vzniká vysoká ekologická záťaž, najmä ak sú dlhodobo skladované alebo prípadne spaľované. V súčasnej dobe sú preto snahy tieto celulózy nejako využiť.
Je známe technické riešenie obsahujúce drvený materiál na báze celulózy, vyznačujúci sa stlačenou vrstvou drviny z obalov vyrobených z papiera, vybavenou aspoň z jednej strany vodoodolnou fóliou z plastu a majúcou vonkajšie krycie vrstvy z oboch strán.
Podstata technického riešenia
Úlohou technického riešenia je zlepšiť vlastnosti stavebného a konštrukčného prvku, najmä jeho pevnosť. To sa dosiahne pri konštrukčnom a stavebnom prvku podľa tohto technického riešenia, ktorého podstata spočíva v tom, že je tvorený výliskom so základnou vrstvou zo zmesi aditíva a drviny z odpadu na báze celulózy, ktorý je vybavený z oboch strán kontaktnou vrstvou a krycou vrstvou.
Pri spracovaní komunálneho odpadu je možné, aby odpad na báze celulózy obsahoval až 30 % plastu.
Je vhodné, aby odpad na báze celulózy bol dezinfikovaný.
S ohľadom na vhodnosť použitia je kontaktná vrstva z plastovej fólie.
Je vhodné, aby krycia vrstva bola nosný papier.
Je prípadne možné, aby krycia vrstva bola hliníková fólia.
Pod pojmom aditíva alebo špeciálne aditíva sa tu rozumejú kvapalné disperzné lepidlá na báze vodného skla, kvapalné silikátové lepidlá, homopolyméma polyvinylacetátová disperzia a mnoho iných lepidiel. Príslušný typ aditíva - lepidla sa vyberá na základe využitia výsledného produktu.
Prehľad obrázkov na výkresoch
Technické riešenie bude bližšie opísané s použitím obr. 1, na ktorom je schematicky znázornený priečny rez konštrukčným a stavebným prvkom.
Príklady uskutočnenia
Ide o spracovanie predovšetkým papierenských produktov na báze celulózy s prímesou rôznych aditív vrátane zložiek obsahujúcich plastové prvky, a to ako vo forme starostlivo vytriedeného papierenského komunálneho odpadu alebo zostatkového materiálu rôznych druhov papiera, nerecyklovateľný a ako odlúčený separát prevažne z papierenskej priemyselnej výroby. Účelom celého procesu je uplatnenie (znovu využitie) materiálu, ktorý sa ocitol na samom konci recyklačných procesov predovšetkým v papierenskom priemysle. Tento materiál slúži ako surovina na výrobu veľkoformátových plošných dosiek so širokým využitím v stavebnom, nábytkárskom a ostatnom segmente priemyselnej výroby. Získanú surovinu celulózu je možné pomocou špeciálnych aditív a prímesí modifikovať tak, aby vlastnosti finálneho výrobku spĺňali konkrétne a účelové zameranie pre daný odbor využitia, a tým došlo k zušľachteniu odpadovej suroviny a jej opätovnému uplatneniu v trhovom prostredí. Ako prímes do aditív sú použité rôzne typy retardérov, ktoré ďalej zvyšujú úžitkovú hodnotu - napr. retardér horenia. Aditíva vrátane všetkých svojich zložiek, ako stabilizátorov a retardérov, neobsahujú žiadne prchavé látky a sú šetrné k životnému prostrediu.
Pri spracovaní komunálneho odpadu na báze buničiny, celulózy, musí dôjsť k jeho starostlivému vytriedeniu od ostatného odpadu tak, aby neobsahoval žiadne pevné ani ostatné predmety, najmä kov, organické látky, ktoré by neboli rovnorodého obsahu. Ďalšiemu spracovaniu nebráni vstupný celulózový materiál s čiastočným podielom až 30 % plastu. Celulózový materiál sa podrví a rozomelie na malé fragmenty, ktoré sa následne stabilizujú sušením a pri ďalšom procese spracovania dôjde prípadne k ich dezinfekcii tak, aby následne nepodliehali plesniam a spĺňali zdravotne vyhovujúce predpisy. Ak ide o spracovanie papierového odpadu z priemyselnej výroby, ako sú napríklad okraje rôznych papierenských produktov, alebo čistej nerecyklovateľnej celulózy a zároveň je tu predpoklad, že neobsahujú ďalšie nežiaduce pevné zložky, ako je kov,
SK 9243 Υ1 drevo a ostatné nesúrodé materiály, môže dôjsť k priamemu upraveniu odpadového celulózového materiálu drvením. Následne je celulózový materiál kontinuálnou strojovou prepravou presunutý do zásobníka materiálu, odkiaľ prechádza k riadenému posunu do zmiešavacieho priestoru, kde sa surovina miesi s aditívnou látkou, ktorá je nevyhnutnou súčasťou a dáva zmesi potrebné vlastnosti a cielenú špecifikáciu pomocou retardérov obsiahnutých v aditívach. Takto obohatená surovina sa automaticky presúva do lisovacieho priestoru, kde za vysokých teplôt a riadeného tlaku dochádza k stlačeniu základnej vrstvy 3 so zmesou aditíva a drviny z odpadu 5 na báze celulózy v celej svojej ploche, prípadne s kontaktnou vrstvou 2 z plastovej fólie, príkladne polyetylénu alebo polypropylénu a krycou vrstvou 1, ktorou je nosný papier alebo alumíniová fólia.
Výstupom z celého procesu je kalibrovaný výlisok 4, ktoiý je krátený na finálny rozmer podľa výrobnej špecifikácie a zadania. Tento výlisok 4 slúži ako interiérový materiál určený na opláštenie stien, do podlahovej skladby ako krokový útlm, prípadne ako stropný obklad. Je možné ho kombinovať s rôznymi izolačnými materiálmi alebo lepiť a spájať na potreby výroby rôznych sendvičových panelov tak, aby boli preferované a vyzdvihnuté jeho prednosti, a to prevažne veľmi dobré protihlukové vlastnosti s veľmi nízkou horľavosťou. Materiál je tiež možné použiť v exteriéri, a to v závislosti od vstupnej suroviny - pomer plastových prímesí a aditív.
Týmto spôsobom vzniká konštrukčný a stavebný prvok ako výlisok 4 so základnou vrstvou 3 zo zmesi aditíva a drviny z odpadu 5 na báze celulózy vybavený z oboch strán kontaktnou vrstvou 2 a krycou vrstvou 1. Je možné, aby komunálny odpad 5 na báze celulózy zahŕňal až 30 % plastu. Vhodná kontaktná vrstva 2 je buď tvorená z plastu, príkladne polyetylénu alebo polypropylénu a krycia vrstva 1 je nosný papier alebo hliníková fólia.
Priemyselná využiteľnosť

Claims (6)

1. Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok na báze odpadovej celulózy, vyznačujúci sa tým, že je tvorený výliskom (4) so základnou vrstvou (3) zo zmesi aditíva a drviny z odpadu (5) na báze celulózy, ktorý 5 je vybavený z oboch strán kontaktnou vrstvou (2) a krycou vrstvou (1).
2. Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že odpad (5) na báze celulózy z komunálneho odpadu je dezinfikovaný.
3. Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že odpad (5) na báze celulózy obsahuje až 30 % plastu.
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4. Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že kontaktnú vrstvu (2) tvorí plastová fólia.
5. Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že krycia vrstva (1) je nosný papier.
6. Konštrukčný a stavebný prvok podľa nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že krycia vrstva 15 (1) je alumíniová fólia.
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