SK8179Y1 - Combination of ingredients containing a superabsorbent for seed coating and the method of coating - Google Patents

Abstract

The combination of superabsorbent based materials in particular for coating the seeds contains a superabsorbent in the range of 0.5-5.0% by weight of the seed and the adhesive in a water/ethanol solution in the range of 0.1-2.0% by weight of the seed, the solution of the adhesive comprising water in the range of 10-50% by weight, ethanol in the range of 20-40% by weight and adhesive in the range of 30-50% by weight.

Description

The technical solution relates to a combination of seed coating substances and a method of seed coating with a superabsorbent or superabsorbent-based substances, functional additives and auxiliaries. Its main use is in agriculture and horticulture. Superabsorbent (SAP) is used to coat the seed together with the active ingredients in order to bind the water in the soil to achieve an increase in germination in the absence of water and consequently an increase in crop yields. The ingredients used in combination with SAP will improve the flow properties (reduce friction and abrasion) between the seeds and the possible wear of the machine parts of the seed drill.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Agricultural production depends inter alia on the quality of the seeds. The better the seed (high germination, pest resistant, able to efficiently use the individual soil components such as nutrients and water), the greater the likelihood of higher yields. During germination, several metabolic processes take place in the seed. The germination time depends on the quality of the seed, environmental factors (temperature, water presence) and the like. However, the aim is to achieve even germination and defined plant growth even under unfavorable climatic conditions.

In recent years, the question of lack of soil moisture at the time of germination has come to the fore. In the past, the problem of seed germination in the absence of moisture was solved by a variety of hydration techniques designed to ensure rapid and uniform germination in order to help achieve stable production under appropriate economic conditions. For this reason, the seeds were treated by various techniques before planting.

An example of a technique used to improve seed germination is the so-called seed dressing. “Priming”. This technique was developed by W. Heydecker et al. in 1974 and includes osmotic control of the water supply to the seed using an aqueous solution of water-soluble polymers (polyethylene glycol, sodium polypropenate and the like) or aqueous salt solutions (W. Heydecker, J. Higgins and RL Gulliver, 1973, Nature (London) 246s42-44 W. Heydecker, 1974, Univ. NottinghamSch., Agr Rep. 1973/1974: 50-67; ZuoWeinenget et al., 1987, ChineseScience Bulletin 32: 1438).

Another technique is so-called. "Drumpriming". The technique was developed by H. R. Rowse in 1987 and consists of spray moistening the seeds in a rotating drum, directly controlling the weight of the water without using any other medium (British PatentNo2192781).

The solidmatrixpriming technique developed by A.G. Taylor et al. in 1988, controls the water supply to seeds using powdered material (Agro-Ug) as a medium (AG Taylor, DS Klein and TH Whitlow, 1988, Scientia Horticulturae 37 (1988) 1-11; US Pat. No. 4,912,874; European PatentNo. 0309551Bl; W088 / 07318).

Finally, another known technique is the so-called. "Matriconditioning". The technique developed by A.A. Khan et al. in 1990, controls the supply of water to the seed using water-soluble porous materials (Micro-Cel E, Zonolite) (AA Khan, H. Miura, J. Prusinski and S. Ilyas, Proceedings of the Symposium on the Establishment of Horticultural Crops) (Minneapolis, Minn., Apr.4-6, 1990).

These techniques moisturize the seed before sowing, but they also have some disadvantages:

Priming technique is not suitable for large quantities at commercial level. The drumpriming technique is simple, but the problems are in precision mechanical control to control the amount of water and also the technology. The technique can treat the seeds in simple slow-rotating devices, but the problem is the separation of the seeds after their treatment.

In addition to these procedures, there have been recent work on the use of superabsorbents - substances that bind water and, in the absence of water, gradually release it to plants Two techniques have been developed:

- the first is the use of superabsorbent for sowing into the soil, where the polymer is added to the sowing site together with the seed,

- the second is the application of the superabsorbentunapore of the seed and subsequently its sowing.

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Patent documents related to this technology are listed in the following table:

US200400 77498 Agriculturalseedhavingp rot ect ivecoat ings, Apr. 2004 US200802 36037 * Planting mix compositions and methods US201000 93535 * Planting mix compositions and methods US9169164 * Polymersuseful in agricultureuralap p lications EcolabUsalnc. Apr.5, 2013 Oct. 27, 2015 US9212245 Highp erformanceacry 1amideadhesives Emp iTechnology DevelopmentLlc Dec. 4, 2012 Dec. 15, 2015 US9238774 Soilfixation, dustsuppression and waterretention Emp iTechnology DevelopmentLlc Jul. 11, 2013 Jan. 19, 2016 US201202 58811 * Sv nthet icturfhavingcoolingl ayer Sapturf, Lc Oct. Nov. 11, 2012 US201402 98872 * Polvmersuseful in agriculturalap p lications Jasbir S. Gill Apr.5, 2013 Oct. 9, 2014

Initially, the substances were applied to the seeds using a slowly rotating drum, dispenser system, and dried in a drumpriming. The main disadvantage was the higher demands on the amount of substances used, their uneven distribution and the duration of the process.

In particular, the new technologies regulate the time required for coating (seed coating), reduce the amount of ingredients required, ensure a more even distribution of the ingredients.

The use of superabsorbents to coat the seeds gives the possibility to ensure higher germination and subsequently with the growth of green matter in order to achieve higher yields. However, superabsorbents must be applied very homogeneously to the seed surface to maximize their effectiveness. The application of superabsorbents for seed coating is most desirable for planting in semi-dry and dry areas.

The essence of the technical solution

The above-mentioned deficiencies are largely eliminated by the present technical solution, which involves the development of a combination of substances for coating the seeds as well as a method of applying the developed combination of substances to the seeds (seed), respectively. other subjects, which results in higher germination and emergence of crops compared to untreated seeds, binding of soil moisture and the necessary nutrients directly to the seed and their subsequent release in times of scarcity. This results in higher yields per hectare, higher biomass production, plant resistance to pests and higher survival rates for young plants. This also results in the efficiency of the input raw materials (SAP or fertilizers) used.

The essence of the invention lies in the combination of using a high peripheral speed of the rotating drum, with a few seconds of applying a layer of adhesive, superabsorbent and seed additives. The reasons for using a high-speed rotating drum are:

- suitability for use for all types of seeds,

- high homogeneity, very efficient application of costly chemicals,

- uniform distribution of applied substances on seed,

- cost reduction for other fertilizer applications,

- reduction of operational costs,

- better visual control of seed coating,

- merging of several processes (insecticide and other pickling process and superabsorbent treatment),

- easy to use for the end user (farmer).

The peripheral speed of the rotating horizontal drum is approximately 200 m / min in conventional processes. For high-speed rotary machine 600 - 2000 m / min.

The seed coating combination is composed of superabsorbent (SAP) which may be polyacrylates, polyacrylonitriles, acrylate / vinyl alcohol copolymers, grafted starch / acrylic acid copolymers, cellulose / acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl acrylic acid, polyvinyl acrylic acid, polyvinyl acrylate polyethylene oxides, liydroxyniethyl and hydroxyethyl cellulose in an amount of 0.01% to 5.0% by weight of the seed. It is also composed of adhesives that serve to fix SAP and excipients. Adhesives which can be used are: hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropylcellulose, lignosulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, acacia, sugar. They are applied in the range of 0.1 - 2.0 wt. per seed weight. The adhesive solution contains water in the range of 10% - 50% by weight, ethanol in the range of 20% - 40% by weight and an adhesive in the range of 30 - 50% by weight. Lubricants 3 are another component

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- flow-enhancing aids. The following may be used: graphite, talc, molybdenum disulphide (MoS2), polytetra-florethylene (PTFE), calcium carbonate, sodium sulphate, mica, magnesium sulphate, wood flour or silica, or mixtures thereof. Excipients are used in the range of 0.01-2.0% by weight of seed. The combination of seed dressings may also contain biologically active substances - advantageous adjuvants which enhance properties - which may be used together with superabsorbents - nutrients, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, biological material, growth regulators ranging from 0, 2 wt. to 1.5 wt.

As seeds, corn, wheat and other cereals (barley, oats, rye), sunflower, rape, sugar beet, soy, cotton, sorghum, vegetables, grass seed and other small seeds (beans, peas, lentils, peanuts) can be used.

Free sorption capacity (FSC) is determined by superabsorbent composition, contamination of adsorbed and absorbed water, and formation of goal blocks.

Gravinimetric Determination of Free Sorption Capacity (FSC) in Demi Water (SuperabsorbentPolymerMaterials: A ReviewMohammad J. Zohuriaan-Mehr & KouroshKabirilranPolymer & Petrochemicalallstitute, P.O. Box 14965115, Tehran, Iran) is expressed as the amount of bound per gram absorbed liquid. The sample is weighed and stored in the bag, the bag is immersed in the liquid to be absorbed. After complete soaking, the bag is removed and allowed to drip to remove excess liquid. The sample then weighs and determines the amount of liquid absorbed.

SAP granulation is very important. The evaluation is carried out by means of a sieve kit, where the percentage composition of the individual fractions of the polymer constituting the product is determined.

The abrasion resistance of SAP and other additives is determined by weight after application to the fast-rotating drum, where the conditions are the same as in real seed coating.

The aim of the present solution is to achieve increased seed germination by SAP in dry and semi-dry areas, to improve flow properties in the application of seed and fertilizer to the soil in order to reduce machine wear.

The method of coating the seeds by combining the seeds for coating (coating) the seeds with a satinizozation of the adhesive in the range of 5-20 seconds, followed by mixing the adhesive with the seeds in the range of 5-20 seconds, followed by applying superabsorbent, active ingredients and lubricants in the range of 5-20 seconds. in the range of 1-10 seconds and finally drying the seed on sieves at a temperature in the range of 20-35 ° C for 10-60 minutes. The method is carried out in a rotary machine with a peripheral speed of 650 - 2000 n / min.

Laboratory trials of wheat seed germination and biomass production yielded the following results:

- the biomass area of plants was 60% larger,

- biomass weight 70% higher,

the length of the plant was on average 40% greater, and

- the weight of the root system was 150% higher.

Field test sowing of maize yielded the following results:

an increase in germination by 60%, and

- higher yield per hectare by 20,4%.

EXAMPLES

The implementation of the technical solution will be explained by means of exemplary embodiments. The preferred embodiment has no limiting effect on the scope of protection.

Example 1

The combination of superabsorbent-based substances for dressing (coating) on corn seeds contains a superabsorbent which is 1.0% by weight of corn polyacrylate in corn, an adhesive that is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in water and ethanol at 0.1% by weight of corn. corn, wherein the adhesive solution is composed of 20% by weight of water, 40% by weight of ethanol and 40% by weight of adhesive, and 1% by weight of water. talc based on corn seed weight and 0.8 wt. fertilizers.

Example 2

The corn seed coating method comprises adhering the adhesive for 10 seconds, then mixing the adhesive with the seeds for 20 seconds and applying the superabsorbent for 15 seconds in the high speed vertical drum, and finally discharging the coated seed for 10 seconds. Between the superabsorbent deposition step and the coated seed discharge step, it involves applying talc and fertilizer for 20 seconds in a high speed vertical drum. Finally, drying is carried out on stainless steel sieves at 50 ° C for 50 minutes.

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The result is evenly coated corn seeds that do not stick to each other. After treatment, the seed was separated without signs of sticking. The active ingredients and the superabsorbent were evenly distributed on the seed surface.

Industrial usability

The technology is applicable to the coating (coating) of seeds of almost all agricultural crops in order to improve germination and yields. It is equally applicable to the coating of granular and microgranulated fertilizers with the aim of binding the nutrients and substances contained therein with subsequent gradual release.

Claims (10)

Combination of superabsorbent-based substances, in particular for seed coating, characterized in that it contains a superabsorbent in the range of 0.5 - 5.0% by weight of the seed and adhesives in a solution of water and ethanol in the range of 0.1 - 2.0% by weight of the seed wherein the adhesive solution comprises water in the range of 10 - 50% by weight, ethanol in the range of 20 - 40% by weight and the adhesive in the range of 30 - 50% by weight. A combination of substances according to claim 1, characterized in that the superabsorbent is polyacrylamides, polyacrylates or starch copolymers. A combination of substances according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, ligninsulfone and the like, acacia or sugar. Compound combination according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it contains lubricating additives in the range of 0.2-1.5% by weight of the seed to improve the flow properties of the seeds. Compound combination according to claim 4, characterized in that the lubricating additives are graphite, talc, molybdenum disulphide, polytetra-florethylene or mixtures thereof. A combination of substances according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains biologically active substances in the range of 0.2% -1.5% by weight of the seed to improve the properties of the seeds. Compound combination according to claim 6, characterized in that the biologically active substance is nutrients such as fertilizers, pesticides such as insecticides, and herbicides or growth regulators. A combination of substances according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coated seeds are seeds of corn, wheat and other cereals such as barley, oats, rye, sunflower seeds, oilseed rape, sugar beet, soya, cotton, circus , vegetables, grasses and other small seeds such as beans, peas, lentils, groundnuts. A method of coating a combination of substances according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises adhering the adhesive for 5-20 seconds to the rotating seed, followed by applying a superabsorbent in the range of 5-20 seconds in a high speed vertical drum, omitting the coated seed in the range of 1- 10 seconds and finally sieve drying at 20-35 ° C for 10-60 minutes. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that between the superabsorbent deposition step and the coated seed discharge step, it comprises the deposition of active ingredients and / or lubricants in the range of 5-20 seconds in a high speed vertical drum.