SK6427Y1 - Construction method for creating simulated surface finish construction and equipment for the implementation of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

Imitation of a building surface, especially brick, stone, tile or other tread with repeating elements create so that the corresponding area (7) attach the cover template (8) with several holes (1), which by its shape and dimensions correspond to the shape and size of elements imitation required, and consequently the surface (7) is applied plaster mixtures (4). Coloring plaster mixture (4) corresponds to the desired color imitation, plaster mixtures (4) to spread the layers with a thickness of at least 1 mm, preferably 1.5 to 3 mm and then template (2) of the surface (7) we choose. The surface (7) before attaching the template (2) with a layer of colors, which corresponds to color imitation gaps(6), for example using colored paint. Template (2) is made of paper and / or cardboard, preferably from recycled paper and / or cardboard and cut into sheets or in the strip wound on the roll. Template (2) and, consequently, imitation surface may have a gap (6) in the form of lettering or graphics.

Description

Technical field

The technical solution relates to a method by which an imitation of a building surface is created with a tread pattern of brick, stone, cladding or another tread pattern with a repeating element. The technical solution also describes a building surface, which in this way is formed as a final surface treatment, and also describes aids which simplify the creation of an imitation according to the described process.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In construction practice it is possible to encounter surfaces that imitate the structure and tread of bricks, stones, tiles and the like. The walls and walls themselves are seldom made of classic small-size bricks, although their exterior appearance can be attractive. Requirements for high thermal insulation properties have led to walls and walls being constructed of various modern materials in the form of larger blocks, which are only joined by a thin layer of mortar or glue, or the walls are made of panels of wood and fibreboard or concrete. If it is desired that the wall so formed, the wall have the appearance of a brick wall or stone wall, and the wall surface, the wall is glued with building adhesive tiles. One piece of cladding has a flat side view of one brick or stone. These tiles are essentially made up of a side surface of brick or stone with a thickness of a few millimeters to centimeters, the thickness of which corresponds to the size of the brick or stone, which, in the original masonry, would stand out from the level of jointing. This established method of imitating brick or stone surfaces has spread over the last decades, but is still costly and difficult to implement.

The material of such cladding elements was gradually replaced from the original burnt brick and stone to various cheaper and more energy-efficient colored concrete or plastic substitutes, but the work with the material is still complicated. The tiles are glued one by one by hand, they must be cut, the corners require special fittings or complicated oblique cuts, the tiles cannot be used on cylindrical or otherwise curved surfaces and the like. Adhesive cladding is demanding on precision so that unevenly applied or poorly adhering adhesive does not flow into the joints between the cladding elements. It is also problematic to achieve even and regular joints, even small inaccuracies will be seen in side views or in areas with distinct lines such as plinths and the like. Existing tiles with imitation of brick or stone for exterior use also have a considerable surface weight, which must be taken into account when designing and realizing a wall or wall. If the wall or wall is insulated with a contact thermal insulation system with a thick layer of thermal insulation, heavy facing with imitation of brick or stone can cause problems with surface stability. The solutions of U.S. Pat. No. 3,731,654 as well as of EP 0 147 221 or GB861857 are complicated and are not usable for finishing the finished wall on site.

A technical solution is required which will overcome these shortcomings and be easy and inexpensive to implement.

The essence of the technical solution

The aforementioned drawbacks are substantially eliminated by the method of creating an imitation of a building surface of a brick and / or stone, and / or cladding, and / or other tread with a repeating element, in particular a building surface as the final surface treatment of a wall or wall surface. consists in attaching to the surface a covering template with a plurality of holes corresponding in shape and dimensions to the shape and dimensions of the desired imitation element, and then to apply and spread the plaster composition whose color corresponds to that of the desired imitation. Later, the template will be removed from the desktop. By applying the plaster composition, a plaster is formed with a layer of at least 1 mm, preferably up to 5 mm, most preferably from 1.5 mm to 3 mm. The stencil is removed immediately after the plaster has been applied or before the plaster has completely solidified or after the plaster has completely dried.

The strips in the template that enclose the holes cover the building surface before the plaster is applied. The plaster can be applied across the entire size of the template. Where the template does not have an opening, the plaster does not adhere to the surface. This achieves high work productivity, where the worker covers and spreads the entire area of the template with a single application and spreading, not just covering the size of one tile element. Thanks to modern plaster mixtures, for example on an acrylic or silicate or silicone or mineral basis, a uniform structure can be created in one layer, from which the strips of the template with the corresponding plaster can be pulled out smoothly, thus creating and revealing the joint system. In this technical solution, the gaps will essentially consist of an unplastered original surface.

The plaster mixture is applied to a clean and paved surface, the surface may be pre-primed. The plaster mixture is smoothed in one direction, for example using a stainless steel trowel. within

In general, the surface should be flat, smooth, stable, load bearing, dry, free of impurities that could reduce adhesion. There should be no dust, cement milk, old coatings, release oil or other grease on the surface. Small irregularities that might make it difficult to attach the template or stick out of the final plaster should be removed, for example by grinding.

In order to achieve the desired color of the joints, the last layer under the template can be designed in a targeted color. The area under the template may be, for example, a layer of gray building adhesive to create gray cracks in brick imitation, or a layer of white, or a white thin-layer plaster to create an imitation of stones as if embedded in white lime mortar. In a preferred embodiment, a full-color primer having a joint color may be applied beforehand, preferably at least one day before the application of the plaster composition. The backing under the template may also be provided with a reinforcing mesh in the adhesive, for example a glass-textile mesh to increase the strength of the backing or to reduce crack formation.

Preferably, the imitation is formed within the thermal insulation system. In this case, the backing surface will be a reinforcing layer on the thermal insulator. The reinforcing layer will consist of an adhesive mortar and a glass-textile grid. The reinforcement layer must be well cured and dried before applying the plaster. It should be completed at least two days before the plaster is applied. The thickness of the reinforcing layer underlying the plaster application surface should be at least 2 mm, preferably at least 3 mm. On such a substrate, a solid color substrate can be applied, preferably with a brush in the direction of the joints. This coating will then represent the color of the joints.

By applying and spreading the plaster mixture, a shape-structured tread is produced, wherein the element corresponding to the hole in the template will not only have a corresponding surface shape and size, but will also have a thickness. In normal observation, this three-dimensional relief is so impressive that the plastered surface gives the impression of a true brick or stone structure. The surface formed is water resistant, non-absorbent, frost-resistant, and there are no cavities between the plaster and the substrate, which often arise during classical tiling, which later causes problems. The finished surface has high durability and high elasticity.

The template will have multiple openings which, by their position, will correspond to the location of the imitated elements on the building surface. The size of the template and hence the number of repeating holes can vary. In particular, the template will take the form of a sheet with dimensions ranging from tens of centimeters to dimensions in meters so that it can be conveniently handled.

The template is placed on the surface, for example, by attaching its ends with nails, nails, tacks, charging spikes. After the first batch of plaster has been applied to the template, it will also be attached to the surface by the effect of the plaster mixture being attached to the template windows. In another preferred embodiment, the stencil may be provided with an adhesive on one side, for example in the form of a foam double-sided adhesive tape or otherwise applied adhesive layer and the like. Self-adhesive stencils will usually be disposable and may have a protective protective layer on the adhesive side that will be removed prior to application.

After application and spreading of the plaster mixture on the surface covered by the template and after removal of the template, the template is placed on the edge of an already made imitation so that the template joins the already created imitation. Thus, the template is gradually moved across the surface and the motif joins into a complete imitation. In doing so, cheap paper or cardboard templates can be used which are essentially disposable and a new template is used each time the motif is moved. However, the template may also be adapted for reuse, in which it will be made of a more durable material, such as rubberized fabric or plastic film.

In another setting, the entire surface, for example one wall, may be initially covered with templates, which are gradually added to the adjacent border without overlapping the templates. In such a case, the entire surface prepared in this way can be applied in one continuous step to achieve an optically nice result without visible zones of soldering or interruption of the process by work breaks. The existing area can also be divided into smaller areas in the lines that define the building openings, doors and the like. For larger areas it is recommended to use a plaster mixture from the same series of production. If necessary, the plaster mixture from different production dates or from different series may be first homogenized by mixing in a larger container.

Two layers of plaster can be applied to the template and surface. The second layer must still be applied to the fresh first layer and the second layer should have a thickness of at least 1 mm, in total both layers should have a total of at least 1.5 mm. To obtain a historical effect, slightly different shades of the first and second layers can be used. The colors used for both layers must be of the same color group. The second layer of darker shade is applied locally to the still fresh first layer. In this way, an old brick effect can be obtained. The application of the plaster mixture can also be carried out by mechanical spraying, for example in three layers with application - a wet layer on a wet layer.

The template can also be used on cylindrical surfaces and other deployable surfaces. This greatly simplifies the creation of surface finishes compared to conventional tiling, where corners and kinks complicate the work.

An advantage of the technical solution according to this is also described by the fact that in irregular shapes, such as crushed stone, the worker does not have to think and propose the placement of the individual pieces. In the case of actual tiling, the worker must evenly rotate small and large pieces of stones respectively. small

SK 6427 Υ1 and large tiles that imitate stone. The worker must think about fitting the individual shapes into the open spaces. When imitating a surface according to this technical solution, the positioning as well as the shape of the elements themselves are already included in the template and the worker does not have to think about and decide on these elements.

The template determines the shape of the joints in the imitated surface. The thickness of the applied plaster mixture adjusts the three-dimensionality of the surface, i.e. the distance of the plane of the outer surface from the plane of the joints. If the uniform smooth surface of the plaster is to be treated, this surface can be treated with the tool to the desired tread before removing the template. Such tools may be a rubber structured roller or a flat stamp with the desired tread pattern. After a partial setting, when the plaster mixture is no longer adhered to the tools, a tread imitating, for example, a slightly curved surface of the broken stone or a tread of cracked, historic brick and the like is produced.

Also new is a building surface which imitates brick and / or stone, and / or cladding, and / or other tread pattern with a repeating element as the final surface finish of a wall or wall surface according to this technical solution, which is based on a colored plaster it is subdivided into non-plastered joints on the substrate into separate smaller elements which, by their surface shape, correspond to the shape of the imitated element. The plaster has a thickness of at least 1 mm, preferably up to 5 mm, most preferably from 1.5 mm to 3 mm. The color of the plaster corresponds to the color of the imitated element. The color of the base corresponds to the color of the joints of the imitated surface. Plasters with the color of brick, sandstone and granite in various shades will be common.

Also part of the invention is an aid for performing a method of making an imitation of a brick and / or stone, and / or cladding, and / or other tread with a repeating element, in particular a building surface as the final surface finish of a wall or wall. It is formed by a flat bendable template having holes corresponding to the shape of the imitated element and having strips bounding the holes, the strips corresponding to the joints between the imitated elements.

At the edge of the template, auxiliary position lines can be marked to simplify the connection of the template to the already created surface. The template can be cut into sheets, or it can be wound on a reel from where the worker cuts the necessary length. The template can also have completely specific shapes according to the customer's wishes, in which case it can be cut, for example, with a laser or a water jet according to a graphic design. The template may have adhesive on one side, preferably temporarily covered with a protective layer.

The device may also be a roller, preferably a rubber roller with a tread surface or a tread with a tread that negatively corresponds to the surface of the imitated surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The technical solution is explained in more detail with the help of figures 1 to 14. The illustrated ratio of sizes and sides of holes in the template as well as other elements is only illustrative. The dimensions in the figures cannot be interpreted as restricting the scope of protection.

Figure 1 shows a template with an imitation of exterior ceramic tiles.

Figure 2 shows a view of a brick imitation template where one brick also has an advertising sign, in this example, the applicant's weber trademark. The trade mark is only an example, it does not bind and does not restrict the scope of protection of this technical solution.

In Figure 3, the template is covered with a layer of plaster after being attached to the plinth of a residential building.

Fig. 4 is a view of pulling a template from a wall where the seams are revealed by the strips in the template.

Figure 5 illustrates the placement of a new template with the same shape as in Figures 2 to 4 on an area adjacent to the imitation already formed.

Fig. 6 is a view of laying a template over a corner of a plinth.

Figure 7 is an axonometric view of the structure and tread formed by an imitation brick wall.

Figure 8 shows an example of a stone imitation template.

Figure 9 shows the tread pattern of the cracked stone before the template is downloaded. Figure 10 then shows the tread pattern of the cracked stone after the template has been downloaded.

Figure 11 shows a template that stores a sheet next to the sheet without overlapping the edges. The template has a self-adhesive layer covered with protective paper.

Figure 12 shows how the entire area of one wall is glued with the appropriate number of stencils including the door lining and the window. The picture also shows slight inaccuracies in template storage, but it does not affect the overall look. The first layer of the plaster is applied in the lower left corner. Subsequently, Figure 13 shows the finished building surface after the templates have been removed.

Figure 14 shows a detail of a brick imitation called street. Since the use of colors other than black and white is prohibited in the drawings, an example of color distribution is recorded by a verbal description with extension lines.

SK 6427 Υ1

EXAMPLES

Example 1

The imitation of a building surface in the form of a classic solid solid brick according to this example is shown in Figures 1 to 7. The imitation is made using a template 2 having equally spaced rectangular holes 1 with offset joints in lines as it corresponds to offset brick in conventional masonry layer of mortar. The template 2 thus takes the form of thin interconnected strips 3 which correspond to the joints 6 of the brick wall. The openings 1 have rounded corners with a small radius in order to better imitate the corner of the brick and at the same time increase the stiffness of the template 2, as the corner crack resistance is increased.

In this example, the template 2 is formed from a thick single-layer cardboard and is supplied in sheets for construction. Each tenth sheet has one hole 1 in the template, followed by the business name of the weber vendor. In this example, the template 2 is designed and used as a disposable one. It is produced by punching on machines, much like paper punches are punched.

The imitation in this example is created on the pedestal part of the family house in the section from the ground level to the first floor level. On the plinth, the boards of extruded polystyrene are first glued, on these boards a layer of gray building adhesive is applied to the glass-textile mesh. The adhesive surface is smoothed and then primed. The color of the penetration is the same or neutral as the desired color of the imitated joints 6. After the adhesive has dried and the primer has penetrated, the worker takes the first sheet of template 2 and fixes it with two nails at the top of the plinth. The nail heads do not completely hammer. The position of the template 2 can be checked with a spirit level. The prepared plaster mixture 4 of red-brick color based on an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin with low grain size is applied by the worker by hand tools, e.g. with a masonry spoon on the surface 7 covered by the template 2. Using a trowel, the worker spreads the plaster mixture 4 over the surface 7 with the template 2, at the sides substantially up to its edges, at the bottom to the edge of the plinth. 2 higher than the plinth height. The template 2 has an upper and a lower edge with a wider strip 3 to facilitate finishing the surface with the imitated surface. With the wider edge strip 3, contamination of the adjacent surface, which is not to be imitated, is easier to avoid.

After crushing and smoothing the plaster mixture 4 with the aid of pliers, the worker removes the nail and carefully pulls the template 2 away from the wall surface from one corner. After the entire template 2 has been downloaded, joints 6 are formed in the plastered surface 7, corresponding to the strips 3 in the template. The worker takes a new sheet of stencil 2 and attaches the edge of stencil 2 to the already applied surface so that the stencil 2 of the stencil 2 is already overlapped with the already formed joint 6. Attaches the stencil 2 to the surface 2 and repeats the above procedure 2, before the plaster mixture 4 solidifies. In such steps, the plinth surface 2 is gradually plastered to the corner where, according to FIG. 6, the template 2 can bend over the plinth corner. The solidified plaster 5 has a brick-red color which is the same throughout the thickness of the plaster 5 and this color is stable and UV resistant.

Example 2

In this example of Figures 8-10, an imitation of a building surface in the form of a wall is made of stone pieces deposited in a lime mortar bed. In fact, the white mortar joint 6 is imitated with a pale substrate and the stone pieces are imitated with a light brown plaster mixture 4.

The template 2 takes the form of strips 3 which correspond to the joints 6 between the irregularly shaped openings 1. The openings 1 correspond to the selected size of the imitated stone pieces. In this example, the template 2 is made of impregnated cardboard, which is fiber reinforced and intended for multiple use. The template 2 is wound on the reel and the worker cuts off the necessary length from the reel, or the reel with the required unwound length of the template 2 is left standing next to the surface 2 ·

The substrate is primed with a white acrylic primer. After it has dried, the template 2 is attached to the surface 2 of the substrate. The application and spreading of the plaster mixture 4 is similar to that of Example 1, and a plaster mixture 4 can also be used in which the color variations of natural stone are imitated.

After the plaster mixture 4 has been aligned to a thickness of approx. 3 mm, the worker with a large-area stamp pushes the surface of the plaster mixture 4. The stamp has a deliberately curved rubber surface with tread pattern corresponding to the fracture area of the respective imitated stone. After pressing the stamp, the worker slowly pulls the template 2 out of the wall and has a protective foil spread out at the work place so as not to stain the terrain from the plaster mixture 4. The template 2 is subsequently shaken or washed for further use.

Example 3

The solution of this example, shown in Figure 14, imitates the brick surface of the entire facade of the house, which also incorporates the street name.

Template 2 in this example is created so that one sheet contains a street name as if multiple bricks were inlayed. In fact, after measuring the position of the name at the appropriate place on the facade, a white thin-layer plaster is first applied, which will form a white seam in the letters of the name. Saving Template 2 sa

SK 6427 Υ1 starts from the place of the name with a white background to make it easier to get into that position. The procedure is then carried out as described in the previous examples. The tread pattern of the aged brick is completed with a rubber structured roller. The result is a continuous brick look of the entire exterior of the house, including the street name. Similarly, other markings may be formed, for example arrows pointing to the exit exit and the like.

Example 4

The solution of this example, shown in Figures 11 to 13, imitates the brick surface of the entire house facade. The house is insulated with a contact thermal insulation system, where the thermal insulator is first created a reinforcing layer of adhesive mortar and glass-textile mesh. After the reinforcing layer with a thickness of approx. 3 to 4 mm has dried, the surface of the surface 7 is cleaned and ground. Three days after the reinforcement layer has been formed, a white undercoat is applied over the entire surface 7. After a further 24 hours, the workers stick self-adhesive templates 2 on the entire wall of the house. The templates 2 do not overlap each other in this application example.

A plaster mixture in 25 kg buckets is supplied for construction, ready for use. Before application, the worker is stirred in the bucket with an electric stirrer. The plaster mixture 4 is in this example a mass based on an aqueous dispersion of acrylic resin, in paste form. The bulk density is from 1.4 to 1.8 g / cm ³ , the relative diffusion resistance is less than 2, the interlayer adhesion is greater than 0.1 MPa.

Two workers apply and spread a light brick plaster mixture 4 onto the surface 7. The other two workers apply a second layer to the fresh first layer, where the dark brick plaster mixture 4 is applied locally. from area 2 · If area 2 is so large that the beginning of area 2 has already begun to solidify, workers can wait for the entire area to dry before removing the template 2. Depending on the type of plaster in this example, it is convenient to remove the template 2 or immediately after the plaster mixture has completely set. Fresh plaster 5 is protected from direct sunlight and rain netting.

Industrial usability

Industrial applicability is obvious. According to this technical solution, it is possible to create imitations of building surfaces, and it is also possible to repeatedly make and use aids to create various three-dimensional and / or three-dimensional surfaces. plastic surfaces, inscriptions and markings.

Claims (25)

PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS Method for producing an imitation of a building surface of brick and / or stone, and / or cladding, and / or other tread with repeating elements, in particular a building surface as the final surface treatment of a wall or wall surface (7), (7) a covering template (2) with several holes (1), which by their shape and dimensions correspond to the shape and dimensions of the required imitation elements, is fixed and subsequently the plaster mixture (4) is applied to the surface (7). , the plaster mixture (4) is spread over a layer of at least 1 mm, preferably up to 5 mm, most preferably from 1.5 mm to 3 mm, and the template (2) is removed from the surface (7). Method for producing a building surface imitation according to claim 1, characterized in that the template (2) is removed from the surface (7) immediately after application of the plaster mixture (4) or after the plaster mixture (4) has dried. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the surface (7) is provided with a color layer corresponding to the color of the imitated joints (6) prior to fixing the template (2), preferably by coloring the substrate. undercoat, most preferably by brush in the direction of the joints (6) for at least 12 hours before fixing the template (2). Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or characterized in that the surface (7) is cleaned and aligned before the template (2) is fixed. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the template (2) is attached to the surface (7) by means of an adhesive applied to the template (2) or the template (2) is attached to the surface (7). ) by point mechanical means. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the template (2) is fixed to the surface (7) by applying its edge to the already formed surface and the process for applying the plaster mixture (4). , the scanning of the template (2) and the new attachment of the template (2) are repeated according to the size of the surface (7). Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a plurality of stencils (2) are attached to the surface (7) and the plaster mixture (4) is applied. SK 6427 YI z The method according to claim 1, characterized in that by means of a template (2), an inscription or a graphical surface (7) is produced in one stage in the imitated surface without interruption accompanied by drying of the plaster mixture (4). Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the template (2) is bent and fixed over the lines of corners or kinks. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the template (2) is charged and fixed to the cylindrical surface (7). Method for producing an imitation building surface according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it is a lid, preferably as an advertising or information sign. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that before removing the template (2), the surface of the plaster mixture (4) is treated to the desired tread by pressing onto the surface of the spread plaster mixture (4). structured surface, preferably by means of a roller or a stamp. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the plaster mixture (4) is applied by hand in two layers, where the color of the first and second layers is different but belongs to the same color group, the layer is applied to the fresh first layer. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the plaster mixture (4) is applied by mechanical spraying, preferably in three layers, the next layer being applied to the wet previous layer. Method for producing a building surface imitation according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the surface of the surface (7) is formed at least two days before the template (2) is fixed by means of an adhesive mortar and glass fiber mesh, preferably on the surface of the thermal insulating material. Building surface which imitates brick and / or stone and / or cladding and / or other tread pattern with a repeating element as the final surface finish of a wall or wall surface (7), characterized in that the colored plaster (5) is divided on the substrate by non-plastered joints (6) into separate smaller elements, whose surface shape corresponds to the shape of the imitated element, the plaster (5) having a thickness of at least 1 mm, preferably up to 5 mm, most preferably from 1.5 mm to 3 mm (5) corresponds to the color of the imitated element and the color of the substrate corresponds to the color of the joints (6) of the imitated surface. Building surface according to claim 15, characterized in that it comprises an inscription and / or a graphical element formed as a contrast between the plastered and unplastered surface. Building surface according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the outer surface of the plaster (5) is formed into a tread pattern of the imitated surface. Building surface according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that the plaster substrate (5) is made of adhesive mortar and glass-fiber mesh, preferably at least 3 mm thick. Apparatus for carrying out the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it consists of a bendable template (2) having holes (1) corresponding to the shape of the imitated element and having strips (3) bounding the holes (1), wherein the strips ( 3) correspond to the joints (6) between the imitated elements. Device according to claim 19, characterized in that the template (2) is provided with an adhesive on one side. Device according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that the template (2) is made of paper and / or cardboard, preferably recycled paper and / or cardboard. A device according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that by whom (3) an inscription or graphic element is connected. A device according to any one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that (2) is cut into sheets or wound on a roll in a belt. A device according to any one of claims 19 to 23, characterized by (2) having at least one edge an expanded strip (3) for finishing the surface (7) with an imitated surface. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 11, characterized in that it has a tread surface to be pressed against the surface of the plaster composition (4), wherein the tread of the tread surface negatively corresponds in its structure to the imitated surface.