SK500062022U1 - Six stroke engine and its method of operation - Google Patents

Six stroke engine and its method of operation Download PDF

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SK500062022U1
SK500062022U1 SK500062022U SK500062022U SK500062022U1 SK 500062022 U1 SK500062022 U1 SK 500062022U1 SK 500062022 U SK500062022 U SK 500062022U SK 500062022 U SK500062022 U SK 500062022U SK 500062022 U1 SK500062022 U1 SK 500062022U1
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piston
stroke
cylinder
fuel
exhaust
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SK9597Y1 (en
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Pavel Stískal
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Pavel Stískal
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

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Abstract

The six-stroke engine has a connecting rod (2) rotatably mounted on the crankshaft (1), the other end of the connecting rod (2) is connected by a pin to a piston (3), which is slidably mounted in the cylinder (4). The upper part of the cylinder (4) is closed the head (5), in which the spark plug (6) or the injection nozzle (6´) is located, further in the head (5) at least one intake fuel channel (7) is formed connected to the fuel injection pump and closed by the intake fuel valve (8). The engine also has at least one water injection nozzle (9) connected to a water injection pump for demineralized water and closed by a suction water valve (10) and at least one exhaust duct (11) closed by an exhaust valve (12). The valves (8, 10, 12) are controlled electronically or by means of a camshaft which cooperates with the crankshaft (1), the speed of the crankshaft (1) being in a ratio of 3: 1 to the camshaft. The operation of the six-stroke engine is as follows, in the first stroke the piston (3) moves downwards and air with fuel in the ratio 1:15 to 1:25 enters the cylinder (4) or air without fuel enters the cylinder (4). In the second stroke, the piston (3) moves upwards and the air is compressed with or without fuel. In the third stroke the spark jumps on the spark plug (6) and an explosion occurs or an explosion occurs after the fuel is injected by the injection nozzle (6´) and the piston (3) moves downwards. In the fourth stroke at the bottom dead center of the piston (3) the exhaust valve (12) is opened and the pressure in the cylinder (4) is reduced. The piston (3) begins to move upwards and compress the exhaust gases with at a temperature of 500 ° C until the upper dead center of the piston (3), where the gases reach 2000 ° C. In the fifth stroke in the upper dead center of the piston (3) demineralized water is injected into the cylinder (4) and expansion occurs and the piston (3) moves downwards. In the sixth stroke, when the piston (3) moves upwards, the steam mixed with the exhaust gases is pushed out of the wall ca (4) through the exhaust duct (11).

Description

SK 50006-2022 U1SK 50006-2022 U1

Oblasť technikyField of technology

Technické riešenie sa týka šesťtaktného spaľovacieho motora so vstrekovaním vody do valca a spôsob jeho činnosti.The technical solution relates to a six-stroke internal combustion engine with water injection into the cylinder and the method of its operation.

Doterajší stav technikyPrior art

V súčasnosti je najznámejší a najvyužívanejším motorom štvortaktný motor. Štvortaktný motor, taktiež označovaný aj ako štvordobý motor či ľudovo štvortakt, je piestový spaľovací motor pracujúci na štyri doby alebo inak povedané v štyroch taktoch. To znamená, že pracovný cyklus motora prebehne počas štyroch zdvihov piestu a dvoch otáčok kľukového hriadeľa. Podľa spôsobu zapálenia zmesi sa pracovné cykly mierne odlišujú pre zážihový a vznetový motor.Currently, the best known and most used engine is the four-stroke engine. A four-stroke engine, also referred to as a four-stroke or popular four-stroke engine, is a reciprocating internal combustion engine operating for four periods, or in other words in four such ways. This means that the engine cycle takes place during four piston strokes and two crankshaft revolutions. Depending on the method of ignition of the mixture, the operating cycles differ slightly for petrol and diesel engines.

Zážihový štvortaktný motor má nasledujúci pracovné cykly:The petrol four-stroke engine has the following duty cycles:

1. Nasávanie - Pri pohybe piestu smerom nadol sa priestor nad piestom zväčšuje a zároveň sa otvoria aj sacie ventily. To spôsobí pokles tlaku nad piestom (tlak nad piestom je nižší ako atmosférický tlak). Tento rozdiel tlakov umožní motoru nasať do valcov cez nasávacie potrubie potrebné množstvo vzduchu s aj palivom. Vzduch a palivo spolu tvoria zápalnú zmes.1. Suction - As the piston moves downwards, the space above the piston increases and the suction valves open at the same time. This causes the pressure above the piston to drop (the pressure above the piston is lower than atmospheric pressure). This pressure difference allows the engine to draw the required amount of air and fuel into the cylinders via the intake manifold. Air and fuel together form an inflammable mixture.

2. Kompresia - Po tom, ako piest dosiahne svoju dolnú úvrať sa začne pohybovať smerom hore. Piest svojim pohybom smerom hore stláča zmes, ktorá sa vďaka tomu zahrieva a pretože sa nemôže rozpínať, stúpa aj tlak. Vysoká teplota a tlak podporuje odparovanie paliva a jeho premiešanie so vzduchom a zmes je výbušnejšia. Počas kompresie sú sacie a výfukové ventily zatvorené.2. Compression - After the piston reaches its bottom dead center, it starts moving upwards. By moving it upwards, the piston compresses the mixture, which heats up as a result, and because it cannot expand, the pressure also rises. High temperature and pressure promotes evaporation of the fuel and its mixing with air, and the mixture is more explosive. The intake and exhaust valves are closed during compression.

3. Expanzia - Počas tejto fázy na zapaľovacej sviečke preskočí iskra, ktorá zapáli stlačenú zmes. Po zapálení začne zmes expandovať a piest posúva smerom dole k jeho dolnej úvrati.3. Expansion - During this phase, a spark will jump on the spark plug to ignite the compressed mixture. After ignition, the mixture begins to expand and the piston moves down to its bottom dead center.

4. Výfuk - Počas tejto fázy sa otvoria výfukové ventily, ktoré umožnia dostať sa výfukovým plynom von z valca. Na konci expanzie je tlak vo valci vyšší ako atmosférický tlak, vďaka čomu sú výfukové plyny vytláčané z valca von. Zvyšné výfukové plyny zas vytlačí piest pri pohybe k hornej úvrati. Aby sa však zlepšilo vyprázdňovanie valca, zatvárajú sa výfukové ventily až po tom, ako dosiahne piest hornú úvrať a sacie ventily sú už otvorené.4. Exhaust - During this phase, the exhaust valves open to allow the exhaust gas to get out of the cylinder. At the end of the expansion, the pressure in the cylinder is higher than the atmospheric pressure, thanks to which the exhaust gases are forced out of the cylinder. The remaining exhaust gases, in turn, push the piston as it moves to the top dead center. However, in order to improve the emptying of the cylinder, the exhaust valves are closed only after the piston has reached the top dead center and the intake valves are already open.

Vznetový štvortaktný motor má nasledujúce pracovné cykly:The four-stroke diesel engine has the following duty cycles:

Princíp činnosti štvortaktného vznetového motora je veľmi podobný činnosti štvortaktného zážihového motora. Hlavným rozdielom je fakt, že sa do valcov nasáva len čistý vzduch, do ktorého sa po stlačení a zahriatí vstrekuje nafta a vzniknutá zmes sa zapaľuje kompresným teplom.The principle of operation of a four-stroke diesel engine is very similar to the operation of a four-stroke petrol engine. The main difference is the fact that only clean air is sucked into the cylinders, into which diesel is injected after heating and heating, and the resulting mixture is ignited by the heat of compression.

1. Nasávanie - Piest sa pohybuje zo svojej hornej úvrate smerom nadol do dolnej úvrate, čím sa priestor nad piestom zväčšuje a zároveň sa otvoria aj sacie ventily, vďaka čomu sa do valcov cez nasávacie potrubie dostáva potrebné množstvo vzduchu.1. Suction - The piston moves from its upper dead center downwards to the lower dead center, which increases the space above the piston and at the same time opens the suction valves, thanks to which the required amount of air enters the cylinders through the suction pipe.

2. Kompresia - Po tom, ako piest dosiahne svoju dolnú úvrať sa začne pohybovať smerom hore. Piest svojim pohybom smerom hore stláča vzduch, ktorý sa vďaka tomu zahrieva, no rastie aj jeho tlak. Tesne pred tým, ako dosiahne piest svoju hornú úvrať sa do spaľovacieho priestoru vstrekne palivo, ktoré sa vznieti.2. Compression - After the piston reaches its bottom dead center, it starts moving upwards. By moving it upwards, the piston compresses the air, which heats up as a result, but its pressure also increases. Just before the piston reaches its upper dead center, fuel is injected into the combustion chamber, which ignites.

3. Expanzia - Po vznietení zmesi tlak plynu pôsobí na piest, čím premieňa tepelnú energiu paliva na mechanickú prácu motora. Pri expanzii sa piest motora pohybuje zo svojej hornej úvrate smerom do dolnej úvrate.3. Expansion - After ignition of the mixture, the gas pressure acts on the piston, which converts the thermal energy of the fuel into the mechanical work of the engine. During expansion, the engine piston moves from its upper dead center towards the lower dead center.

4. Výfuk - Pri poslednom cykle sa piest pohybuje zo svojej dolnej úvrate do svojej hornej úvrate, pričom výfukové ventily sú otvorené. Piest pohybom hore vytláča výfukové plyny cez výfukový systém do ovzdušia. K uzatvoreniu výfukových ventilov dochádza tesne pred tým, ako piest dosiahne hornú úvrať.4. Exhaust - In the last cycle, the piston moves from its lower dead center to its upper dead center, with the exhaust valves open. By moving it upwards, the piston pushes the exhaust gases into the air through the exhaust system. The exhaust valves close just before the piston reaches top dead center.

Pri vznetovom štvortaktom motore platí to isté ako pri zážihovom štvortaktnom motore. Po tom, ako skončia všetky štyri cykly, začína pracovný obeh motora odznova.The same applies to a diesel four-stroke engine as to a petrol four-stroke engine. After all four cycles have ended, the engine starts running again.

Konštrukcia štvortaktného motora je pri zážihovom a vznetovom vyhotovení veľmi podobná. Na kľukovom hriadeli je otočné upevnená ojnica. Druhý koniec ojnice je spojený pomocou čapu s piestom, ktorý je posuvne uložený vo valci. Horná časť valca je uzatvorená hlavou, v ktorej je vytvorený nasávací kanál uzatváraný nasávacím ventilom a výfukový kanál uzatváraný výfukovým ventilom. Činnosť ventilov je ovládaná elektronicky alebo pomocou vačkového hriadeľa, ktorý je spolupracujúci s kľukovým hriadeľom.The construction of the four-stroke engine is very similar in the petrol and diesel versions. The connecting rod is pivotally mounted on the crankshaft. The other end of the connecting rod is connected by means of a pin to a piston which is slidably mounted in the cylinder. The upper part of the cylinder is closed by a head in which an intake passage closed by an intake valve and an exhaust passage closed by an exhaust valve are formed. The operation of the valves is controlled electronically or by means of a camshaft which cooperates with the crankshaft.

SK 50006-2022 U1SK 50006-2022 U1

Podstata technického riešeniaThe essence of the technical solution

Podstatu predloženého technického riešenia tvorí šesťtaktný spaľovací motor, ktorý má na kľukovom hriadeli otočné upevnenú ojnicu. Druhý koniec ojnice je spojený pomocou čapu s piestom, ktorý je posuvne uložený vo valci. Horná časť valca je uzatvorená hlavou, v ktorej je umiestnená zapaľovacia sviečka pri benzínovom motore alebo vstrekovacia dýza pri dieselovom motore, ďalej v hlave je vytvorený aspoň jeden nasávací palivový kanál spojený s palivovým vstrekovacím čerpadlom a uzatváraný nasávacím palivovým ventilom, aspoň jeden nasávací vodný kanál spojený s vodným vstrekovacím čerpadlom na demineralizovanú vodu a uzatváraný vodnou vstrekovacou dýzou a aspoň jeden výfukový kanál uzatváraný výfukovým ventilom. Činnosť ventilov je ovládaná elektronicky alebo pomocou vačkového hriadeľa, ktorý je spolupracujúci s kľukovým hriadeľom, pričom otáčky kľukového hriadeľa voči vačkovému hriadeľu sú v pomere 3 : 1.The essence of the presented technical solution consists of a six-stroke internal combustion engine, which has a connecting rod rotatably mounted on the crankshaft. The other end of the connecting rod is connected by means of a pin to a piston which is slidably mounted in the cylinder. The upper part of the cylinder is closed by a head in which a spark plug is placed at a gasoline engine or an injection nozzle at a diesel engine, further at least one intake fuel channel connected to the fuel injection pump and closed by an intake fuel valve is formed in the head, at least one intake water channel connected with a water injection pump for demineralized water and closed by a water injection nozzle and at least one exhaust duct closed by an exhaust valve. The operation of the valves is controlled electronically or by means of a camshaft which cooperates with the crankshaft, the speed of the crankshaft relative to the camshaft being in a ratio of 3: 1.

Šesťtaktný spaľovací motor pracuje v nasledovných šiestich cykloch:The six-stroke internal combustion engine operates in the following six cycles:

1. takt - Nasávanie vzduchu - piest sa pohybuje smerom dole a vzduch s palivom v pomere 1 : 15 až 1: 25 sa dostáva do valca alebo vzduch bez paliva sa dostáva do valca1st stroke - Air intake - the piston moves downwards and air with fuel in the ratio 1:15 to 1:25 enters the cylinder or air without fuel enters the cylinder

2. takt - Kompresia - piest sa pohybuje smerom hore a vykonáva sa stláčanie vzduchu s palivom alebo sa do stláčaného vzduch vstrekne palivo v pomerel: 15 až 1: 25Stroke 2 - Compression - the piston moves upwards and the air is compressed with fuel or fuel is injected into the compressed air in the ratio: 15 to 1: 25

3. takt - Spaľovanie a expanzia - na zapaľovacej sviečke preskočí iskra a nastáva výbuch, alebo po streknutí paliva nastáva výbuch, piest sa pohybuje smerom dole.Stroke 3 - Combustion and expansion - a spark jumps on the spark plug and an explosion occurs, or an explosion occurs after the fuel has injected, the piston moves downwards.

4. takt - V spodnej úvrati sa pootvorí výfukový ventil na zníženie vysokého tlaku (1,2 - 1,8 atm) vo valci. Piest sa začne pohybovať smerom hore a stláčať výfukové plyny s teplotou 500 °C až do hornej úvrate, kde plyny dosiahnu 1 500 až 2 000 °C.Stroke 4 - At the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve is opened to reduce the high pressure (1.2 - 1.8 atm) in the cylinder. The piston starts moving upwards and compresses the exhaust gases at a temperature of 500 ° C until the top dead center, where the gases reach 1,500 to 2,000 ° C.

5. takt - V hornej úvrati sa vstrekne do valca demineralizovaná voda a dôjde k expanzii, piest sa pohybuje smerom dole.Stroke 5 - At the top dead center, demineralized water is injected into the cylinder and expansion occurs, the piston moves downwards.

6. takt - Pri pohybe piesta smerom hore sa vytlačí para zmiešaná s výfukovými plynmi von z valca cez výfukový kanál.Stroke 6 - As the piston moves upwards, the steam mixed with the exhaust gases is forced out of the cylinder through the exhaust duct.

Prehľad obrázkov na výkresochOverview of figures in the drawings

Na priloženom výkrese sú na jednotlivých obrázkoch znázornené konkrétne cykly šesťtaktného spaľovacieho motora.In the accompanying drawing, the individual figures show the specific cycles of a six-stroke internal combustion engine.

Príklady uskutočneniaExamples of embodiments

Príklad č. 1Example no. 1

Šesťtaktný spaľovací motor má na kľukovom hriadeli 1 otočné upevnenú ojnicu 2. Druhý koniec ojnice 2 je spojený pomocou čapu s piestom 3, ktorý je posuvne uložený vo valci 4. Horná časť valca 4 je uzatvorená hlavou 5, v ktorej je umiestnená zapaľovacia sviečka 6, ďalej v hlave 5 je vytvorený aspoň jeden nasávací palivový kanál 7 spojený s palivovým vstrekovacím čerpadlom a uzatváraný nasávacím palivovým ventilom 8, aspoň jedna vodná vstrekovacia dýza 9 spojená s vodným vstrekovacím čerpadlom na demineralizovanú vodu a uzatváraný nasávacím vodným ventilom 10 a aspoň jeden výfukový kanál 11 uzatváraný výfukovým ventilom 12. Činnosť ventilov 8,10,12 je ovládaná elektronicky alebo pomocou vačkového hriadeľa, ktorý je spolupracujúci s kľukovým hriadeľom 1, pričom otáčky kľukového hriadeľa voči vačkovému hriadeľu sú v pomere 3 :1. Šesťtaktný spaľovací motor pracuje v nasledovných šiestich cykloch:The six-stroke internal combustion engine has a connecting rod 2 rotatably mounted on the crankshaft 1. The other end of the connecting rod 2 is connected by a pin to a piston 3 which is slidably mounted in a cylinder 4. The upper part of the cylinder 4 is closed by a head 5 in which a spark plug 6 is placed furthermore, in the head 5, at least one intake fuel passage 7 connected to the fuel injection pump and closed by the intake fuel valve 8, at least one water injection nozzle 9 connected to the water injection pump for demineralized water and closed by the intake water valve 10 and at least one exhaust passage 11 are formed. closed by the exhaust valve 12. The operation of the valves 8, 10, 12 is controlled electronically or by means of a camshaft which cooperates with the crankshaft 1, the speed of the crankshaft relative to the camshaft being in a ratio of 3: 1. The six-stroke internal combustion engine operates in the following six cycles:

1. takt - Nasávanie vzduchu s palivom - piest 3 sa pohybuje smerom dole a vzduch s palivom v pomere 1: 15 až 1: 25 sa dostáva do valca 4.Stroke 1 - Intake of air with fuel - piston 3 moves downwards and air with fuel in the ratio 1:15 to 1:25 enters cylinder 4.

2. takt - Kompresia - piest 3 sa pohybuje smerom hore a vykonáva sa stláčanie vzduchu s palivom.Stroke 2 - Compression - piston 3 moves upwards and the air is compressed with fuel.

3. takt - Spaľovanie a expanzia - na zapaľovacej sviečke 6 preskočí iskra a nastáva výbuch, piest 3 sa pohybuje smerom dole.Stroke 3 - Combustion and expansion - a spark jumps on the spark plug 6 and an explosion occurs, the piston 3 moves downwards.

4. takt - V spodnej úvrati piesta 3 sa pootvorí výfukový ventil 12 na zníženie vysokého tlaku (1,2 - 1,8 atm) vo valci4. Piest 3 sa začne pohybovať smerom hore a stláčať výfukové plyny s teplotou 500°C až do hornej úvrate piesta 3, kde plyny dosiahnu 1 500 až 2 000 °C.Stroke 4 - At the bottom dead center of the piston 3, the exhaust valve 12 is opened to reduce the high pressure (1.2 - 1.8 atm) in the cylinder 4. Piston 3 begins to move upwards and compress the exhaust gases at a temperature of 500 ° C until the top dead center of piston 3, where the gases reach 1,500 to 2,000 ° C.

5. takt - V hornej úvrati piesta 3 sa vstrekne do valca 4 demineralizovaná voda a dôjde k expanzii, piest 3 sa pohybuje smerom dole.Stroke 5 - At the top dead center of piston 3, demineralized water is injected into cylinder 4 and expansion occurs, piston 3 moves downwards.

SK 50006-2022 U1SK 50006-2022 U1

6. takt - Pri pohybe piesta 3 smerom hore sa vytlačí para zmiešaná s výfukovými plynmi von z valca 4 cez výfukový kanál 11.Stroke 6 - As the piston 3 moves upwards, the steam mixed with the exhaust gases is forced out of the cylinder 4 through the exhaust duct 11.

Príklad č. 2Example no. 2

Šesťtaktný spaľovací motor má na kľukovom hriadeli 1 otočné upevnenú ojnicu 2. Druhý koniec ojnice 2 je spojený pomocou čapu s piestom 3, ktorý je posuvne uložený vo valci 4. Horná časť valca 4 je uzatvorená hlavou 5, v ktorej je umiestnená vstrekovacia dýza 6', ďalej v hlave 5 je vytvorený aspoň jeden nasávací palivový kanál 7 spojený s palivovým vstrekovacím čerpadlom a uzatváraný nasávacím palivovým ventilom 8, aspoň jedna vodná vstrekovacia dýza 9 spojená s vodným vstrekovacím čerpadlom na demineralizovanú vodu a uzatváraný nasávacím vodným ventilom 10 a aspoň jeden výfukový kanál 11 uzatváraný výfukovým ventilom 12. Činnosť ventilov 8,10,12 je ovládaná elektronicky alebo pomocou vačkového hriadeľa, ktorý je spolupracujúci s kľukovým hriadeľom 1, pričom otáčky kľukového hriadeľa voči vačkovému hriadeľu sú v pomere 3 :1. Šesťtaktný spaľovací motor pracuje v nasledovných šiestich cykloch:The six-stroke internal combustion engine has a connecting rod 2 rotatably mounted on the crankshaft 1. The other end of the connecting rod 2 is connected by a pin to a piston 3 which is slidably mounted in the cylinder 4. The upper part of the cylinder 4 is closed by a head 5 in which the injection nozzle 6 'is located. , further in head 5 there is formed at least one intake fuel passage 7 connected to the fuel injection pump and closed by the intake fuel valve 8, at least one water injection nozzle 9 connected to the water injection pump for demineralized water and closed by the intake water valve 10 and at least one exhaust passage 11 closed by the exhaust valve 12. The operation of the valves 8, 10, 12 is controlled electronically or by means of a camshaft which cooperates with the crankshaft 1, the speed of the crankshaft relative to the camshaft being in a ratio of 3: 1. The six-stroke internal combustion engine operates in the following six cycles:

1. takt - Nasávanie vzduchu - piest 3 sa pohybuje smerom dole a vzduch bez paliva sa dostáva do valca 4.1st stroke - Air intake - piston 3 moves downwards and air without fuel enters cylinder 4.

2. takt - Kompresia - piest 3 sa pohybuje smerom hore a vykonáva sa stláčanie vzduchu a do stláčaného vzduchu sa vstrekne palivo v pomere 1:15 až 1: 25Stroke 2 - Compression - piston 3 moves upwards and air is compressed and fuel is injected into the compressed air in a ratio of 1:15 to 1:25

3. takt - Spaľovanie a expanzia - po streknutí paliva nastáva výbuch, piest sa pohybuje smerom dole.Stroke 3 - Combustion and expansion - after fuel spraying occurs, the piston moves downwards.

4. takt - V spodnej úvrati piesta 3 sa pootvorí výfukový ventil 12 na zníženie vysokého tlaku (1,2 - 1,8 atm) vo valci 4. Piest 3 sa začne pohybovať smerom hore a stláčať výfukové plyny s teplotou 500 °C až do hornej úvrate piesta 3, kde plyny dosiahnu 1 500 až 2 000 °C.Stroke 4 - At the bottom dead center of piston 3, the exhaust valve 12 is opened to reduce the high pressure (1.2 - 1.8 atm) in cylinder 4. Piston 3 begins to move upwards and compress the exhaust gases at a temperature of 500 ° C until at the top dead center of piston 3, where the gases reach 1,500 to 2,000 ° C.

5. takt - V hornej úvrati piesta 3 sa vstrekne do valca demineralizovaná voda a dôjde k expanzii, piest 3 sa pohybuje smerom dole.Stroke 5 - At the top dead center of piston 3, demineralized water is injected into the cylinder and expansion occurs, piston 3 moves downwards.

6. takt - Pri pohybe piesta 3 smerom hore sa vytlačí para zmiešaná s výfukovými plynmi von z valca 4 cez výfukový kanál 11.Stroke 6 - As the piston 3 moves upwards, the steam mixed with the exhaust gases is forced out of the cylinder 4 through the exhaust duct 11.

Claims (2)

SK 50006-2022 U1SK 50006-2022 U1 NÁROKY NA OCHRANUPROTECTION REQUIREMENTS 1. Šesťtaktný motor, vyznačujúci sa tým, že má na kľukovom hriadeli (1) otočné upevnenú ojnicu (2), druhý koniec ojnice (2) je spojený pomocou čapu s piestom (3), ktorý je posuvne uložený vo valci (4), horná časť valca (4) je uzatvorená hlavou (5), v ktorej je umiestnená zapaľovacia sviečka (6) alebo vstrekovacia dýza (6'), ďalej v hlave (5) je vytvorený aspoň jeden nasávací palivový kanál (7) spojený s palivovým vstrekovacím čerpadlom a uzatváraný nasávacím palivovým ventilom (8), aspoň jedna vodná vstrekovacia dýza (9) spojená s vodným vstrekovacím čerpadlom na demineralizovanú vodu a uzatváraný nasávacím vodným ventilom (10) a aspoň jeden výfukový kanál (11) uzatváraný výfukovým ventilom (12), pričom ventily (8,10,12) sú ovládané elektronicky alebo pomocou vačkového hriadeľa, ktorý je spolupracujúci s kľukovým hriadeľom (1), pričom otáčky kľukového hriadeľa (1) voči vačkovému hriadeľu sú v pomere 3 :1.A six-stroke engine, characterized in that it has a connecting rod (2) rotatably mounted on the crankshaft (1), the other end of the connecting rod (2) being connected by means of a pin to a piston (3) which is slidably mounted in a cylinder (4), the upper part of the cylinder (4) is closed by a head (5) in which a spark plug (6) or an injection nozzle (6 ') is placed, further in the head (5) at least one intake fuel channel (7) connected to the fuel injection is formed. at least one water injection nozzle (9) connected to the water injection pump for demineralized water and closed by the water suction valve (10) and at least one exhaust passage (11) closed by the exhaust valve (12), wherein the the valves (8, 10, 12) are controlled electronically or by means of a camshaft which cooperates with the crankshaft (1), the speed of the crankshaft (1) being in a ratio of 3: 1 to the camshaft. 2. Spôsob činnosti šesťtaktného spaľovacieho motora, vyznačujúci sa tým, že v prvom takte sa piest (3) sa pohybuje smerom dole a vzduch s palivom v pomere 1 : 15 až 1 : 25 sa dostáva do valca (4) alebo vzduch bez paliva sa dostáva do valca (4), v druhom takte sa piest (3) sa pohybuje smerom hore a vykonáva sa stláčanie vzduchu s palivom alebo bez paliva, v treťom takte na zapaľovacej sviečke (6) preskočí iskra a nastáva výbuch alebo po vstreknutí paliva vstrekovacou dýzou (6') nastáva výbuch, piest (3) sa pohybuje smerom dole, vo štvrtom takte v spodnej úvrati piesta (3) sa pootvorí výfukový ventil (12) a zníži sa tlak vo valci (4) a piest (3) sa začne pohybovať smerom hore a stláčať výfukové plyny s teplotou 500 °C až do hornej úvrate piesta (3), kde plyny dosiahnu 2 000 °C, v piatom takte v hornej úvrati piesta (3) sa vstrekne do valca (4) demineralizovaná voda a dôjde k expanzii a piest (3) sa pohybuje smerom dole, v šiestom takte sa pri pohybe piesta (3) smerom hore sa vytlačí para zmiešaná s výfukovými plynmi von z valca (4) cez výfukový kanál (11).Method of operation of a six-stroke internal combustion engine, characterized in that in the first stroke the piston (3) moves downwards and air with fuel in the ratio 1:15 to 1:25 enters the cylinder (4) or air without fuel is gets into the cylinder (4), in the second stroke the piston (3) moves upwards and the air is compressed with or without fuel, in the third stroke on the spark plug (6) a spark jumps and an explosion occurs or after fuel injection by the injection nozzle (6 ') an explosion occurs, the piston (3) moves downwards, in the fourth stroke at the bottom dead center of the piston (3) the exhaust valve (12) opens and the pressure in the cylinder (4) decreases and the piston (3) starts to move upwards and pressurize the exhaust gases at a temperature of 500 ° C until the top dead center of the piston (3), where the gases reach 2 000 ° C, in the fifth stroke at the top dead center of the piston (3) demineralized water is injected into the cylinder (4) and expansion and the piston (3) moves downwards, in the sixth stroke, when the piston (3) moves upwards, steam is expelled mixed with the exhaust gases out of the cylinder (4) through the exhaust duct (11). 1 výkres1 drawing
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