SK48995A3 - Heating body mainly tubular heating body, as well as method and device for production of this heating body - Google Patents

Abstract

A heating body, in particular a tubular heating body, is disclosed, as well as a process and device for producing in particular such a heating body. The heating body is provided with adapters (56) arranged in a row forming an upper and a lower collecting pipe and provided each with at least one opening. At least one heating tube (52) is arranged between every two adapters and is connected thereto. The adapters (56) have each at least one collecting pipe branch (66) provided with individual openings (58) at its circumference. The collecting pipe branch (66) is surrounded by a housing part (57), except for a projecting section, and the housing part (57) has openings for the heating tube(s).

Description

-1Heating element, in particular a tubular heating element, a method for its production, as well as a device ΛΑ Uthrfa & twiC of this method

Technical field

The invention relates to a heating element, in particular a tubular heating element according to the main features of claim 1, and to a method for producing a heating element, particularly a tubular heating element according to the main features of claim 5, as well as a device for operating a method of manufacturing heating elements according to the main features of claim 8.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION.

Heating elements and, in particular, tubular heating elements are often used to heat buildings, especially in central heating networks.

Tubular heaters, resp. tubular radiators are usually made of one top adapter and one bottom adapter between which tubes are welded. The top and bottom adapters are made of two deep-drawn shells which must be welded together. Subsequently, the heating tubes have to be re-welded to these adapters, which are formed by welding the two shells together, thereby forming the individual elements of the tubular heating element, resp. tubular radiator. The individual elements are connected together in the inner circumference by means of connecting extensions by screwing or welding. Despite the considerable laboriousness of often extensive welding

In accessible places accessible places, even work, should also be especially aesthetic, weld seams abraded. Only welded seams that are at risk do not have to be abraded. These difficulties, when not visible from the outside, still give a generally unfavorable optical impression. In addition, the connection technique by which the individual parts of the tubular heater are either screwed together or welded together creates considerable problems with the increasing length of the heater. Tubular heaters according to the prior art can therefore be produced only in a maximum length of 80 to 100 cm. However, if longer heating elements are to be made, they must therefore be connected to each other from individual sections of 80 to 100 cm in length. Since, in the case of longer heaters, their mechanical stability at the connection points is severely limited, these tubular heaters must in any case be supported from the bottom of the heaters.

From British patent specification no. No. 1.083.651, a specific connection device is known by means of which the heating element is connected to the distribution network. In this case, a spacer in the form of a tube is inserted into the plate heating element. This spacing ensures that when the tube passing through the walls of the heater is tightened, these walls will not deform with respect to each other. This spacing also essentially ensures that, if there is an internal pressure inside the heater, the connection is waterproof. According to another exemplary embodiment, also known from British Pat. 1.083.651, a comparable arrangement of a panel heater is connected in parallel to the central heating system, where pipe spacers are again used between the individual heater plates and the through-flow inlet conduit tubes. In this exemplary embodiment, however, it is not as described above

-3verting used valve. However, the solution disclosed in said patent is not suitable for making a tubular heater.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention aims to provide a heating element, in particular a tubular heating element, a method for producing a heating element, and a method for producing a heating element. tubular heater, as well as a device for producing the heater, resp. of the tubular radiator, which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art over its entire width. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heater which is easy to manufacture by a process without a large number of welding operations, as well as a device for producing a heater, in particular a tubular heater. tubular radiator, with fewer operations.

This task is for the heating element, resp. a tubular heater by means of the features contained in the first claim, in a method of manufacturing by means of the steps contained in the fifth claim, and in a device for producing the heater by means of the features contained in the eighth claim.

The advantages of the heating element, resp. of the tubular heating element according to the invention, as well as the method and apparatus for making the heating element according to the invention, are apparent from the subclaims.

According to the invention, there is provided in the adapter of the heater, in particular the tubular heater, a collecting extension which is provided with openings, the collecting extension being surrounded by the housing of the adapter except for the overhanging part.

When making heaters, resp. tubular radiators always produce manufacturing tolerances ranging from 1 mm upwards. These manufacturing tolerances then often cause problems in the manufacture of tubular heaters.

According to the invention, these problems are eliminated by providing the individual adapters with a housing and a collecting extension. In this case, the housing is closed on the side opposite to the overhanging part of the header when making the individual parts of the tubular heater, so that the wall of the adapter against the opening of the header forms a flat and smooth surface.

The heating tubes are thereby removably mounted in the adapter openings arranged in a radial direction to the axis of symmetry of the header.

The heating tubes are fed into said adapter openings, for example by a brazing solder. The use of copper braze seems to be the most advantageous here, given its balanced price-to-use ratio. In addition, the melting point of these solders lies in the region above 1600 ° C, which makes the solder very difficult to soften and eventually leak if later heated by welding.

In the part of the collector extending inside the adapter, openings are provided through which the heating medium, in particular water, can flow into the adapter cavity and thus

-5i to the heating tubes of the connected adapter.

In the case of a part of the collecting extension which protrudes from the adapter, an edge can be chamfered according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. This embodiment makes it possible, for example, to use less energy to melt the required amount of material when using fusion welding.

If the abraded portion of the header extending from the adapter is retained on the back of the adapter, the welded-off header extensions form an elongated header tube after welding, and a condenser discharge welding method is preferred here for making the weld joint. The welded joints made in this way are so strong that the welded collecting extensions usually do not break in the weld seam, but in the area of the collecting tube material.

It is particularly advantageous here that the manufacturing tolerances can be made from 1 mm or more or two adjacent parts of the heating element which remain e.g. the two adapters and the one or more heating tubes need not be immediately inserted into a precisely defined section, or the overlapping portions of the collecting adapters to be welded can be applied to the rear wall of the adapter, either preceding or following the tubular heating element. This makes manufacturing tolerances no problem. Often, however, manufacturing tolerances of 1 mm or more are visible and impair the aesthetic impression of the user.

If the opening on the opposite side of the adapter intended for welding the header is completely closed, the opening for the passage of the heating medium from one to the next adapter, resp. part of a tubular heating element

-6-additionally drilled, milled, or the like. Otherwise it may be. a pre-formed smaller hole that provides ample mounting space with manufacturing tolerances.

The end portions which are non-existent when the heating element according to the invention is produced can be closed e.g. soldering, welding, or screwing on the cap or connection part. These end portions can optionally be prepared for connection to a central heating system. In the end parts of the heater, resp. The tubular heater can also be provided with valves or valve housings.

The method of manufacturing a heating element according to the invention, in particular a tubular heating element, consists in particular in that at least one heating tube is soldered to at least two adapters by means of a brazing solder, the heating tube, respectively. the heating tubes are inserted into the holes provided in each of the adapters. In this way, parts of the tubular heater are formed, each of which is composed of at least two adapters and at least one heating tube. Then, two or more parts of the tubular heater are assembled so that the overhanging portion of the coupling extending through the adapter is adjacent to the rear wall of the next adapter. The individual parts of the tubular heating element or of the entire group of parts are then pressed together for connection. In this case, it is a prerequisite that the surfaces on the rear side of the adapter, which are intended to connect the preceding or subsequent connecting extensions of the individual parts of the tubular heater, must abut one another over the entire surface. Immediately thereafter, the welding current is briefly applied, preferably in milliseconds. Particularly preferred in this connection is a welding current in which it can

- to have such a high energy and hence an electrical current that is sufficient for the welding process in a short time.

If, for example, capacitor discharge welding is used in the welding process, enormous currents in milliseconds in the range of approximately 500,000 to 5,000,000 A can be generated in milliseconds. It is advantageous to use a current of about 2,000,000 A for welding purposes. These streams are brought to the transition points between the collecting extensions and the rear walls of the following adapters, with the material melting and welding in the confined areas. This short-term current discharge causes the temperature to rise solely in the area of the weld seam, thereby avoiding the spread of heat to the adapter. for adjacent parts of the tubular heater.

The pressure by which the individual parts of the welding process are compressed can be from 0.5 or from 1 to 10 t. However, the downforce may be smaller, but then a higher welding current is required. Therefore, it is advantageous to select the appropriate ratios between the welding current and the pressure.

To ensure that the individual parts of the heater, resp. The tubular heating element according to the invention does not collapse during the individual stages of the process. do not deviate from the desired and predetermined position, the individual parts are fixed in advance. In this case, the collectors can be inserted into the adapters beforehand fastened, for example by soldering or welding. Conventional welding methods, laser spot welding, or others may be used for this attachment

Self sealing of the collector attachment by means of welding. against the housing of the adapter can also be carried out by a brazing process which

It can also be advantageously used for sealing heating pipes.

For those welding places that are not visible from the outside, it is not necessary to use expensive welding methods. These processes can be carried out in a very simple manner by machine, so that by using the method according to the invention, resp. of its variants, the manual labor and thus the costs expended.

Device for carrying out the method of construction of the heating element, resp. The tubular heater consists of at least one pressure cylinder and at least one pressure support. The apparatus is further provided with two welding electrodes, one with a positive pole and one with a negative pole for electric current discharges.

For two heating element parts resp. a plurality of heating element parts disposed between the pressure cylinder and the corresponding pressure support thereto are exerted by a thrust force which, under high pressure, compresses the parts to be welded together, i. the ends of the attachment pieces and the rear wall of the adapters. Said welding electrodes are connected to the welded parts at suitable locations. These parts are mutually welded under high pressure under high current short-term exposure.

The pressure cylinder and the pressure support are designed so that no flow can flow through these parts. Therefore, the current supplied by the welding electrodes cannot flow and is available to the welding process itself as much as possible.

It is preferred that the pressure cylinder and / or pressure support or pressure cylinders or pressure supports are arranged on the support frame. That may be. these parts disposed parallel to each other and may be

-9 between different amounts of heating element parts, resp. different large groups of heating element parts which are then pressed together. It is also possible to make different sizes of heating elements.

The device for making the joints of the upper and lower header tubes according to the invention is generally provided with one pair of welding electrodes.

Centering mandrels are provided on the pressure cylinder or on the pressure support, which, when the successive parts of the heating element are pressed evenly, simply ensure their centering.

In the current circuit, which is closed on the welding electrodes, there is one or more capacitors with a high capacity. These capacitors can be discharged at the same time, thus providing a short, in-line, high welding current of a few milliseconds in the value of 2,000,000 A. Depending on the circumstances, inductive current elements can also be used for this purpose.

Overview of the figures in the drawing

The invention is further elucidated by means of the drawings, from which also the advantages or the steps of the method according to the present invention are obvious. Here it means:

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adapter of a tubular heater according to the invention;

Fig. 2 shows a section of a part of a tubular heating element according to the invention shown schematically in a view from FIG

-10strany.

Fig. 3 is a sectional side view of a portion of a tubular heater according to the invention,

Fig. 4 a device for producing a heating element, resp.

of a tubular heater shown schematically in a top view.

In the following figures, identical or at least functionally corresponding parts are always indicated with the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 1, an adapter 56 constructed in accordance with the present invention is shown, the adapter 56 is comprised of a housing 57 in which a piece of pipe 64 is inserted. The housing 57 is further provided with at least one opening into which a heating pipe 52 is inserted. adapter 56 mounted waterproof, resp. The heat pipe 52 is open at its upper end, thereby ensuring flow to the interior of the adapter 56.

The header 66 may also be secured in the housing 57 of the adapter 56 by means of a brazing solder.

Holes 58 are provided in the collecting extension 66 to allow connection between the collecting tube and the housing 57 and through which the heating medium can pass from the adapter 56 to the heating tubes 52.

A chamfer 54 may be formed on the front side of the overhang portion 64 of the header 66, which on the one hand allows the overhang portion 64 to be inserted straight and

The fact that the surface is thinned on the front allows the use of a suitable connection technique.

On the opposite side of the overlapping portion 64. resp. the front face 54 is an adapter 56. resp. his cloak. 57 provided with an opening 60 into which the protruding portion 64 of the collecting tube 66 of the other connection adapter 56 can be inserted.

On the other hand, an arrangement is also possible in which said wall of the adapter 56 is not provided with an opening but is continuously closed. In this case, the continuous wall may be connected to the chamfered end face 54 of the following protruding portion 64 of the other adapter by means of a joining technique, that is, a hole of the necessary size may be provided for the flow of the thermal medium. This design has the advantage that it allows a larger tolerance field, resp. greater tolerance when connecting adjacent adapters 56. resp. individual elements of the tubular heating element.

The design of the adapter 56 can be carried out in the following manner. First, the collecting extensions 66 are shortened to the desired parts and then one or more holes 58 are formed therein. On the front surface 54 of the collecting extensions 66, an edge is cut in a suitable manner, whereby a smaller surface area is formed on the front surface 54. The apertures 58 formed in the collector shoes 58 can have different diameters for the individual collector shoes 66, since the flow within the heater can be supported. tubular heater. This means that the collector extension 66 of the adapter 56, which is located close to the inlet in the heater, is provided with holes 58 with a smaller cross-section than the collector extension 66 of the adapter 56, which is arranged further from the inlet

-12 a heating body, or one that is at its end. In this way, it is guaranteed that the described heating element is evenly heated despite the increasing resistance in the pipeline and with increasing cooling of the heating medium.

The made collecting extension 66 is then inserted into the housing 57 of the adapter 56. Then, the collecting extension 66 is secured in the opening of the housing 57 by means of a solder joint. During soldering, the collecting extension 66 may be fixed in order to secure the position of the collecting extension 66 within the housing 57.

After mounting the header 66 in the housing 57, one or more heating tubes 52 are inserted into the apertures formed in the housing 57. The respective joints are then coated with a solder paste, for example a brazing paste, and the respective parts are fixed to each other by soldering. It is self-evident that the surfaces of the parts to be joined are degreased, clean and, as far as possible, free of rust.

The housing 57 is provided with an opening 60 on the side opposite to the face 54 of the collecting tube 66, and the cross-section of this opening 60 can be designed such that a number of heating elements can be determined depending on its flow resistance and temperature.

In FIG. 2 shows one part of the heating element resp. a part of a tubular heater 40 from which the heater can be assembled, resp. a tubular heater 50 as shown in FIG.

adapter 56. 56? heating parts created as well. However, it is also possible, e.g. the holes 58 and 60 of the top adapter 56 to be adapted to the desired flow or resp. the heating profile of the heater and at the same time

3. The top and bottom bodies 40 may be

- Provide the bottom adapter 56 with the same size holes.

In FIG. 3 shows a heating element, in particular a tubular heating element 10, which is constructed of four parts of a tubular heating element 40; The first and last part. The tubular heater 40 is formed differently and interchangeable. A plug 70 is screwed in, brazed or similarly attached to the adapter 56 of the first portion of the tubular body 40, which is sealed to one side of the heater by a sealed collection header 66 made up of a plurality of collection extensions 66. right side, although it is not provided with any overlapping portion 64 on the collecting extension 66. it can also be provided with a plug 70 or other closure for waterproof, resp. a gas-tight seal of this part of the heater.

Advantage of the heater, resp. The tubular radiator 50 according to the invention consists, in particular, in the fact that there are no weld seams which need to be removed by grinding. Only a small number of welding operations is required to produce the heater 50 according to the invention. The heater 50 according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for mass production.

In FIG. A heating apparatus for producing a body according to the invention, in particular a tubular body, is shown. This is particularly true of the welding device 10 for joining the parts of the heater 40 of FIG. 2. The apparatus for making the heater comprises a pressure cylinder 16 and a pressure support 12. Suitable pressure cylinder 16. resp. The pressure support 12 is preferably adapted for other resp. lower collectors

-14 made heating element. Said pressure cylinder 16. resp. The pressure support 12 is preferably displaceable relative to one another. In the illustration of FIG. 4, only the pressure support 12 provided on the carriage is displaceable against the pressure cylinder 16, which is indicated by a double arrow 26.

For each collector extension 66 provided in the tubular heater, the heater device is provided with at least one pair of welding electrodes 18, 20 with one plus and one minus pole.

The welding electrodes 18, 20 may be connected to a portion of the fabricated heater by means of terminals, plates, or any other means with large area and low electrical transition resistance. Pressure cylinder 16. resp. the pressure support 12 is usually provided with centering pins 22, 24.

A wiring is connected to the welding electrodes 18, 20 to allow short-term extremely high current to be applied. In particular, capacitors or similar high-performance inductive elements can be used for this purpose, which can produce a high current in the shortest possible time. Such currents are. can be up to about 2,000,000 A and operate for a few milliseconds. The resulting current, which acts at such a short time, ensures reliable welding, in particular welding by capacitor discharge. Thus, the required welding temperatures only act in the extreme region, thereby avoiding softening or melting of the solder of the individual adapters 56.

For the best possible welding process when using low currents, it is by means of a pressure cylinder 16

A relatively high pressure is exerted on the locations of the welds 54 or on the tubular heating element switched on in the welding jig 1 (2. Precise centering is thereby achieved by means of the centering mandrels 22, 24. Production tolerances for producing individual parts of the heating element 40 they are not optically recognizable or difficult to detect.

When the heating element is finished, resp. In the tubular heater, the pressure support 12 mounted on the guide is displaced to the left in the direction of the arrow 26. One or more threaded spindles and lines, hydraulic devices and the like can be used. One part of the heater is mounted on the centering mandrel 24 provided on the pressure support 12, mounted on the carriage 14. For the first welding, the pressure support 12 can also be provided with a switching electrode. At the same time, the first part of the tubular heater 40 is disposed on the centering mandrel 22 opposite to the pressure cylinder 16, and the two parts are then brought together by moving the pressure support 12 on the carriage 14. Then, the parts of the tubular heater 40 are aligned with each other on a support, subjected to high pressure from the pressure cylinder 16, which, in the range of one to several tons, acts on the portions of the tubular heater 40, resp. Thus, a welding capacitor discharge circuit is connected by means of the welding electrodes 18, 20, in which at least one charged capacitor of corresponding capacity or more capacitors of generally high capacity is connected. By discharging the capacitors in an extremely short period of time in conjunction with high downforce, an outwardly strong and tight, highly resistant load and a seamless, welded connection from the outside are created.

Subsequently, the pressure support 12 is mounted on

16 and with the tubular heater disposed thereon, which in this case consists of two parts of the tubular heater 40, is moved away from the pressure cylinder 16. and a further portion of the tubular heater is slid onto the centering mandrel 22 of the pressure cylinder 16. 40. By repeating the above-described procedure, under the action of pressure and discharge of the charged capacitor by means of electrodes 18, 20, further welding takes place, so that the heater already consists of three connected parts of the heater 40.

Claims (8)

A heater, in particular a tubular heater, consisting of adapters consisting of consecutive top and bottom collecting tubes having at least one opening and at least one heating tube disposed between the adapters and embedded in openings formed in the adapters, characterized by with the following claims: a) each adapter (56) is provided with at least one collecting extension (66) having individual openings, resp. recesses (58), b) the collecting extension (66) is surrounded by a jacket (57), except for the overhanging part (64); c) openings for heating pipes (52) are formed in the housing (57). Heating element according to claim 1, characterized in that connecting openings (58, 60) are provided in the collecting extensions (66) and the adapter housing (57), the openings (58, 60) being at least in the upper one behind the other. the following collectors (66) have different diameters. Heating element according to claim 2, characterized in that the adapter (56) resp. the collector extension (66) located closer to the inlet of the heater (50) is provided with holes (58,60) with a smaller cross-section than the adapter (56) resp. a collecting extension (66) which is further away from the inlet. -184. Heating element according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the adapter (56) resp. the collector extension (66) which is arranged closer to the outlet of the heater (50) is provided with smaller holes (58,60) than the adapter (56) resp. a collecting extension (66) which is further away from the outlet. 5. A method for producing heating elements, in particular tubular heating elements, comprising the following steps: a) two adapters are made with at least one adapter, each with at least one connection opening, b) the adapter is connected to the heating element part by at least one tube; part of a tubular heating element, (c) parts of the heater, resp. the parts of the tubular heater are welded together, characterized by the following steps: b1) at least one pipe (52) is soldered between the two adapters (56) by means of a brazing solder (62), such that the heating pipe (52) is fixed in the opening, d) the parts of the tubular heater (66) are compressed with each other under high pressure, wherein e) collecting extensions (66) of one part of the heater, resp. one part of the tubular heater (40), are substantially all over their periphery applied to the back of the adapter (56) of another part -19heater element, resp. Another portion of the tubular heater (40, and cl) for welding (54) is supplied with energy in a short time, preferably in the millisecond range. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual parts of the heating element, resp. of the tubular heater (40) are fixed in a predetermined position prior to brazing. Method according to either of Claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the connection opening (60) from one adapter (56) to the collecting extension (66) of the next adapter (56) is formed after welding. 8. Apparatus for carrying out a method for producing a heating element, in particular a tubular heating element, with a welding device, having the following features: a) comprises at least one support device (12) for supporting the heater (50), resp. a heater element (40), b) comprises at least one pressure cylinder (16) for compressing the heating element (50), resp. the tubular heater element (40), c) it contains at least two welding electrodes (18,20), d) comprises at least one electrical connection for a short-term, preferably in-millisecond, electrical supply. -209. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the support device is designed as a pressure support (12) movable on the carriage (14). Device according to one of claims 8 or 9, characterized in that capacitive or inductive elements are connected to the electrodes (18, 20) to provide a short-term high current.