SK4252002A3 - Method for industrial treatment of pig or cattle semi-liquid manure - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to integral, wasteless and environment-friendly industrial treatment process of pig or cattle liquid manure, which process comprises mechanical separation and separate treatment of the liquid manure liquid and solid fractions. The invention also relates to the use of a product obtained by the proposed treatment of the liquid manure liquid fraction. The invention is characterized in that mechanically separated fraction of the liquid manure is let to settle, the settled remaining particles are separated by filtration, the liquid fraction is subjected to aerobic activation process to remove organic substances and thereafter it is let again to settle, the settled solid particles are separated again by filtration, the obtained aqueous solution of inorganic nutrients is isolated and, in the end the solid fractions separated from the liquid manure liquid fraction are treated by fermentation to compost or bio-fuels.

Description

Technical field

The object of the invention is a process for the integral, waste-free and environmentally friendly treatment of feces of pigs or cattle, which perfectly utilizes their energy content and the mineral nutrients they contain. It is based on the mechanical and separate treatment of the liquid fraction and on the separate treatment of the solid fraction by known methods, for example, fast meals or biofuels.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Farm animal husbandry, in particular pigs and cattle, is one of the main sources of environmental contamination, both air and surface and groundwater. By direct application of feces on the land, the air is contaminated with unpleasant odors as well as considerable loss of nitrogen, which escapes in the form of ammonia. If the faeces is not incorporated into the soil within 24 hours after application, the loss of nitrogen is up to 75% and after 3 days even up to 90% of the total amount of nitrogen that the faeces contains. Direct application of feces in the field also causes significant contamination of groundwater by washed-out mineral substances, which are in the feces in dissolved state.

These drawbacks can be remedied by treating the feces into compost, in which the feces are mixed with the suction material, most often with cut or crushed straw. The formed mixture is repeatedly swirled, thereby accelerating the start-up, progressively graded, controlled-controlled aerobic fermentation process, using technological equipment for this purpose, e.g. described in utility models no. 1377 or 10945, which are registered in the Czech Republic.

The processing of feces into compost on large-scale pigs and cattle is subject to considerable straw consumption and large investment costs in the construction of suitable technological equipment. For this reason, only the solid fraction obtained after centrifugation by centrifuge or belt or thread presses is often composted on large scale plants. The separated liquid feces fraction can then be used as irrigation for field crops. Such technology is supposed to build excellent irrigation equipment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This object is achieved by using the object of the invention, which is a process for the integral, waste-free and environmentally friendly treatment of feces of pigs or cattle, which perfectly utilizes their energy content and mineral nutrients. It is based on the mechanical and separate treatment of the liquid fraction and on the separate treatment of the solid fraction by known methods, for example fast-pumping or biofuels. It is an object of the invention to remove residual solid particles from the separated liquid fraction by sedimentation, for example, and to aerobically activate the liquid fraction after separation of the residual organic matter. The solid particles are separated by sedimentation which is associated with subsequent filtration. The obtained aqueous mineral nutrient solution is used directly as fertilizer dressing, or, when supplemented with other mineral nutrients, is used in the hydroponic production of greenhouse crops, especially tomatoes, or in the production of commercial liquid fertilizers.

Aerobic activation in this process means mixing and aerating the aqueous phase

-2 in activation tanks, in which organic substances gradually oxidize to carbon dioxide and water. The purpose of aerobic activation is to prevent organic matter from depositing on the mineral substrate in the case of hydroponic crops. This may cause an adverse effect on the growth and development of hydroponic crop crops and the application of the declared beneficial use of an aqueous solution of mineral nutrients, in particular nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, would lose character characteristic of hydroponics.

The excess sludge obtained after purification of the liquid feces fraction is further processed by aerobic fermentation in a fermentation trough to a fast post in a manner similar to the solid fraction for biofuel processing.

The process for the industrial treatment of feces of pigs or cattle according to the invention represents an integrated set of technologies which are interrelated and which are mutually focused on environmental protection. Significant advantages of the invention are:

- air protection - during aerobic fermentation of the solid fraction of feces, odorous substances are rapidly assimilated;

- water protection - the separated liquid fraction of faeces is further purified and treated for fertilizer irrigation for hydroponic crops, resulting in no waste water during the faeces treatment, and

- ecological treatment of biowaste - excess sludge in the treatment of the liquid feces fraction is further processed into a quick post and the separated solid feces fraction is processed into biofuel, which is preferably used either for drying the fermented mixture or for heating greenhouses for hydroponic crop cultivation.

The main advantage of the proposed method of industrial processing of feces of pigs or cattle in addition to the environmental benefits mentioned above is also utilization of the energy value of the solid fraction and utilization of high mineral nutrient content in the liquid feces fraction which result in significant reduction of production costs of hydroponic crops this is by reducing the cost of heating greenhouses by using own production of biofuel from waste material, saving the cost of purchasing mineral fertilizers and, in particular, saving the cost of drinking water for the preparation of manure irrigation.

In the treatment of feces on pig pigs or cattle, there are no problems with the disposal of the products produced, since the fuel produced is preferably used primarily for heating greenhouses and the treated mineral nutrient solution from the liquid feces fraction is used as fertilizer irrigation for hydroponic greenhouse crops.

As the construction of large-scale greenhouses is carried out primarily in the vicinity of compressor stations of gas pipelines where waste heat is used to heat the greenhouses, the implementation of the invention can be oriented towards the construction of large-scale greenhouses in large pig and cattle production plants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Example 1

241 solids excrement fraction of pigs with 25 wt. dry matter is obtained by mixing the separated feces with 6 wt. solids on a belt press with 107 cereal straw. The obtained mixture is loaded into a fermentation trough with daily overflow according to utility model no. 10945, which is registered in the Czech Republic. After 72 hours of aerobic fermentation, the mixture obtained is dried in a tumble dryer to a dry matter content of 85% by weight. and then granulated to

-3granulation press with matrix of 8 mm diameter for biofuel.

From the 1361 separated excrement fraction, solids and organic matter are separated by sedimentation first in a separate aqueous phase - supernatant - and then aerobically activated, followed by sedimentation and filtration to obtain an aqueous solution of mineral nutrients, in particular containing N, P and K, which is used as fertilizer irrigation for hydroponic cultivation of tomatoes in a greenhouse heated by the combustion of biofuel, produced from a solid fraction of pig excrement.

% excess sludge with 18 wt. The dry matter obtained after purification of the liquid sludge fraction is mixed with 3 tones of cereal straw and the resulting mixture is then processed in a fermentation trough into a fast post in a similar manner to the solid sludge fraction being processed into biofuel.

Example 2

221 of the solid fraction of bovine excrement with 20 wt. The solids obtained by separating 1101 excrement with 6.5% dry matter on a centrifuge are mixed with 91 rape straw and the resulting mixture is treated as described in Example 1. The separated excrement liquid fraction (88 t) is treated in a similar manner The aqueous mineral nutrient solution, after removal of the organic matter as described in Example 1 prior to use as fertilizer irrigation, is supplemented with mineral nutrients (N, P, K) to the desired concentration for hydroponic tomato cultivation.

% excess sludge with 19 wt. The dry matter obtained after purification of the liquid fraction of bovine excrement is mixed with 31 rapeseed straw and the resulting mixture is further processed in a fermentation trough into a fast post in a similar manner to the solid fraction of biofuel leaching.

Example 3

301 of the solid feces excrement of pigs with 22 wt. The dry matter obtained by separating the 2001 faeces with a dry matter of 6.7% by weight is mixed with 13 t of rapeseed straw and the resulting mixture is fermented in an aerobic fermentation trough. The fermented material is dried during cold aeration during daily aerobic sorting and when the fermented material is delivered from the fermentation trough with warm air heated to 70 ° C in wind tunnels constructed according to utility model no. 10966 registered in the Czech Republic. The particulate fuel obtained has a solids content of 70% by weight. is directly used to heat a greenhouse in which tomatoes are hydroponically grown. The separated liquid fraction (1701) is treated similarly to Examples 1 and 2.

% excess sludge with 19 wt. The dry matter obtained after purification of the liquid feces fraction is mixed with 3 t of rapeseed straw and the resulting mixture is further processed in a fermentation trough to a fast post in a manner similar to the treatment of the solid feces fraction into biofuel.

Claims (3)

1. A process for the integral, waste-free and environmentally sound industrial treatment of pig excrements or bovine feces which fully exploits their energy content and mineral nutrients, consisting of mechanical separation and separate treatment of liquid and solids by known processes, for example The method according to claim 1, characterized in that residual solid particles are first separated from the separated liquid fraction and the liquid fraction is subjected to aerobic activation and the resulting aqueous mineral nutrient solution is isolated. Use of an aqueous mineral nutrient solution obtained by separate treatment of the liquid fraction of faeces according to claim 1, optionally supplemented with further mineral nutrients, as a nutrient solution for hydroponic greenhouse crops, in particular tomatoes. Use of an aqueous mineral nutrient solution obtained by separate treatment of the liquid fraction of feces according to claim 1, for the production of commercial liquid fertilizers.