SK252014A3 - Thermoelectric heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

The thermoelectric heat pump uses a series-parallel connection of thermoelectric cells (1) on the principle of Peltier effect connected to electrophotovoltaic panels (6), which is intended for the preparation of hot and cold water in a storage vessel (14) for heating and cooling, especially in low-energy and passive houses . The heat pump heat exchangers accumulate heat energy into the water in the accumulation tank (14), which is then passed through the pump in ceiling, wall or floor heating / cooling pipes. The invention is an alternative source of energy.

Description

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the group of alternative sources of heating and cooling of residential and industrial premises and primarily uses for solar heating or cooling solar radiation from electrophotovoltaic panels, which supply thermoelectric cells of the Peltier effect. An installed thermoelectric heat pump can provide a stable indoor or industrial room temperature of 25 ° C ± 5 ° C at an ambient ambient air temperature of + 40 ° C to -20 ° C, provided that the space is appropriately insulated and has the correct distribution of hot water distribution.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

At present, heat pumps, with an electric compressor, are used to heat / cool the living quarters, utilizing the state change of the substance to supply thermal energy when heating is required, or the removal of thermal energy in case of cooling. These devices cannot be directly connected to the photovoltaic collectors due to the unstable performance of the photovoltaic panels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

The thermoelectric heat pump contains TEC thermoelectric elements composed of tellurium and bismuth between ceramic plates using the Peltier effect, which by heating to a DC power supply one side warms and one side cools mechanically interposed between two types of aluminum interior exchangers, two of which are continuous and one circulating, in which water flows with antifreeze. When the polarity of the voltage on the thermoelectric cells changes, the temperatures on the ceramic contact surfaces are reversed, which ensures heating and cooling by simply connecting the contactor. According to the sunshine, the thermoelectric heat pump produces heat output, directly feeds the resistive load, and does not require the minimum power of the photovoltaic panels to function and therefore operates throughout the day, making maximum use of all the energy from the sun.

Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 determine the design of the thermoelectric unit.

A heat transfer medium, e.g. water for indoor exchangers. The circulating indoor exchanger serves for the transfer or removal of heat from the storage tank, from which at least one outlet for floor, wall heating is led. Continuous indoor exchanger is used for z

heat transfer to or from the outside, which is done by two types of outdoor heat exchangers, one for heating, one for sunlight and the other for cooling, preferably in the shade out of the sun's rays throughout the day , which is further equipped with a fan for more efficient cooling. The thermoelectric heat pump comprises at least one of both types of outdoor heat exchangers. The thermoelectric heat pump comprises at least one thermoelectric unit.

This solution does not require AC voltage of the distribution network and therefore it is advantageous to use it for heating or cooling of rooms without connection to electricity. Electricity is supplied directly from the sun using electrophotovoltaic panels, the energy of which is directly consumed to heat or cool the water in the storage tank, to drive pumps, valves and control unit and can be stored in electric accumulators from which it is pumped night or less sunny days. If a distribution network is available, it is possible to use a DC power supply via a separating diode and circuit breakers.

The thermoelectric heat pump includes a control unit that provides measurement of at least one room temperature, at least one room wall temperature, the storage tank temperature, the ambient temperature of the thermoelectric heat pump location, the operation of the at least one circulation pump for interior and exterior heat exchangers. energy consumption from the distribution network, the condition of the electric accumulator battery, controls the contactor for changing the polarity of the thermoelectric cells voltage and the valve that switches the heat transfer medium of the outdoor heat exchangers. All data and states of measured values can be sent via GSM network via SMS messages or stored on a computer.

The advantage of a thermoelectric heat pump is that it can be replaced with existing heat pumps as the pipe connection is compatible.

Image overview:

Fig. 1 - Thermoelectric pump wiring diagram

Fig. 2 - Styrodur thermal insulation with milled holes to prevent heat loss from components

Fig. 3 - interior exchanger no. 1 - bottom and top are aluminum milled profiles. Continuous heat transfer medium enters at two locations on one side and exits at two locations on the other side

Fig. 4 - interior exchanger no.2 - bottom and top are aluminum milled profiles. Circulating, heat transfer medium enters at one point on one side and exits at a second point on the same side

Fig. 5 - The mounting mechanism serves for the structural mounting of two interior exchangers no. 1 - bottom of interior exchangers no. 1 - top and one interior exchanger no. 2 - bottom and interior exchanger no. 2 - top

Example of the invention:

The thermoelectric heat pump has two basic parts: The first part consists of a thermoelectric unit 11 with water distribution pipes and a C2 pump for wall or wall heating. The second part consists of two heat exchangers: a cold water exchanger 12 and a hot water cooler 13, through which the water is pressed by means of a pump C1 and is controlled by a valve VI as required. .

Constructed thermoelectric heat pump uses thermoelectric cells 1 type TEC1-12730, with power 350W and electrophotovoltaic panels 6 with output 35OWp. Both thermoelectric cells and photovoltaic collectors can be combined according to the power and supply voltage needs.

The first part consists of two types of interior heat exchangers: interior exchanger no.1 - bottom 2 of interior exchanger no.1 - top 2a and interior exchanger no.2 - bottom 3, interior exchanger no.2 - top 3a, among which are stored thermoelectric cells 1, further by the mounting mechanism 4 and thermal insulation 5.

The interior exchanger no. 1 - bottom 2, the interior exchanger no. 1 - top 2a of the thermoelectric unit 11 is continuous, i.e. the water enters it through two openings on one side and exits through two openings on the other side. It is used for heat exchange outside the building where the pump C1 is the water led through the pipes according to the position of the valve VI to separate exchangers for heating through the cold water exchanger 12 and for cooling through the hot water cooler 13, where ventilator Vent1 helps.

Interior exchanger no.2 - bottom 3, interior exchanger no.2 - top 3a of thermoelectric unit 11 is circulating, ie water enters it through one hole on one side, rotates 180 ° and exits through the other hole on the same side . This exchanger serves to transfer heat to the storage tank 14.

The exterior part consists of two separate heat exchangers that are stored outdoors, a hot water cooler 13 for cooling and a cold water heat exchanger 12 for heating, which allows to maximize the efficiency of the heat pump for heating and cooling.

The thermoelectric heat pump pumps the heat energy stored in the heat transfer medium from the exterior part to the interior part and vice versa by changing the polarity of the direct current flowing through the thermoelectric elements 1.

Switching of the current direction is provided by the control unit 10 via a contactor.

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The thermoelectric heat pump pumps heat energy from the exterior to the interior and vice versa through heat transfer through the multi-layer construction of thermocouples 1. The thermoelectric heat pump does not require electrical power for this process.

The exterior part of the thermoelectric heat pump uses DC ventilators for more efficient heat exchange, which are fed from a common DC voltage via the circuit breaker.

The cold water heat exchanger 12 for heating needs is oriented to the south side of the object and, if possible, is constantly illuminated by sunlight at day time. This part serves to heat the heat transfer medium and the heat energy is obtained mainly from the heat energy of the sun. The control unit 10 provides the desired direction of the heat transfer medium via the valve V1 for heating purposes.

The hot water cooler 13 for cooling needs is oriented to the north side of the object and, if possible, is stored in the shade, away from sunlight throughout the day. This part serves for more efficient cooling of the heat transfer medium in case of cooling. The control unit 10 provides the desired direction of the heat transfer medium via the valve VI for cooling.

The electro-photovoltaic panels 6 are connected via a circuit breaker to the electric accumulators 7 and accumulate excess energy that is not currently consumed by the thermoelectric unit 11 for energy consumption at night or for periods of less sunny days.

The electro-photovoltaic panels 6 can be connected to a DC / AC converter via a circuit breaker and supply excess energy not just consumed by the thermoelectric unit 11 to the 230V AC power distribution.

The thermoelectric heat pump is connected to the accumulators 7 via the circuit breaker, it does not require connection to the distribution network.

The control unit 10 can measure the power generated from the electro-photovoltaic panels 6, the power supplied from the electro-photovoltaic panels 6 to the electric accumulators 7 W1, the power supplied from a 9 W2 DC power source powered by 230V AC, (400V AC) . The control unit 10 further measures the ambient temperature -TI, the temperature of the cold water exchanger 12 - T2 for heating, the temperature of the hot water cooler 13 - T4, the temperature of the water in the storage tank 14 - T3, all room air temperatures in the building - Tmi to Tmx. room wall temperatures - Ts1 to Tsx and the ambient room temperature of the thermoelectric unit 11-T5.

The control unit 10 can monitor the status of the distribution network - Dig. input 1, fan failure Ventl - Dig. input 2, DC source fault 9 - Dig.

input 3, status of the connected battery 7 - Dig. input 4 and optional 3 digital potential-free inputs - Dig. input 5 to Dig. input 7.

A thermoelectric heat pump of this type can be directly connected to the electrophotovoltaic panels 6 without DC / DC or DC / AC power converters and thus utilize renewable energy sources without electrical losses in the DC / DC or DC / AC converters. The condition is that the power input of the heat thermoelectric pump is greater than or equal to the power of the electropotovoltaic panels 6 and at the same time the wiring of the thermocouple 6 of the electropotovoltaic panels 6 does not exceed max. working voltage of thermocouples £.

The power to the thermoelectric heat pump can be connected via an isolation diode 8 from the auxiliary mains DC power supply 9 (AC / DC converter), in which the power of the thermoelectric heat pump is controlled by the control unit 10 by pulse width modulation.

The thermoelectric heat pump uses a series of parallel connection of thermoelectric cells 6 on the principle of Peltier effect, so that the maximum output of the electrophotovoltaic panel 6 corresponds to 75% - 90% load of thermoelectric cells L

Industrial use:

The principle of the invention is that this device belongs to the group of renewable energy sources. In particular, it uses solar energy to energyly cover the need for cooling or heating, where the use of the prior art unnecessarily increases the cost of input, operating costs, and the consumption of reactive energy from the distribution network. In the case of connection of conventional heat pumps to electropotovoltaic collectors, it is necessary to use DC / AC converters, where there is a loss of electricity and therefore long to no return on investment. Since the electropotovoltaic collectors do not have a stable output, it is not practical to use them as a separate power supply for heat pumps with an electric motor for the compressor.

The present invention does not need a direct connection to the power distribution network, therefore its use has the advantage of reducing the costs associated with the construction of utility networks.

The thermoelectric heat pump has minimal dimensions, low operating costs, less noise and consists of fewer parts, which predetermines its long service life due to the lower number of parts used.

Claims (5)

Claims: 1. A thermoelectric heat pump is characterized in that a series-parallel connection of thermoelectric elements (1) based on the Peltier effect is used to heat / cool the water in the storage vessel, which is subsequently led through the pump in the floor, wall or ceiling heating / cooling pipes. directly to the electro-photovoltaic panels (6). Thermoelectric heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses two types of interior heat exchangers: circulating and continuous The thermoelectric heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses two types of exterior heat exchangers: a cold-water heat exchanger (12) on the south-facing south side and a hot-water cooler (13) in the shade out of the sun's rays in the north-facing World side of the object Thermoelectric heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermoelectric elements (1) are directly connected to the electrophotovoltaic panels (6) without DC / DC, DC / AC converters. Thermoelectric heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that a connection to the AC distribution network is not necessary with the electric accumulator (7) connected.