CN109751793B - Photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping house and working method thereof - Google Patents
Photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping house and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 134
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003287 bathing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种沙漠野营房用光伏半导体供冷供热系统及其工作方法，属于太阳能利用、供暖空调技术领域。The invention relates to a photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping houses and its working method, and belongs to the technical field of solar energy utilization, heating and air conditioning.
技术背景technical background
野营房是野外生产作业队伍必不可少的住宿、生活及办公设施，广泛应用于油田、矿区、电力建设等各种场合，常在沙漠、戈壁、矿山等复杂地形和严酷气候条件下使用。中国西部特别是塔克拉玛干沙漠地区是石油开发、地质勘探开发的重点地区，该地区的气候特点是冬冷夏热、气温变化快、降水稀少、风沙剧烈、空气含尘量高，太阳能资源十分丰富。在这种气候条件下，野营房的供暖及降温是保证一线工人正常生活工作的必要措施，而且具有独特的技术要求。Camping houses are essential accommodation, living and office facilities for field production teams. They are widely used in various occasions such as oil fields, mining areas, and power construction. They are often used in complex terrains and harsh climate conditions such as deserts, Gobis, and mines. Western China, especially the Taklimakan Desert, is a key area for oil development and geological exploration. The climate of this region is characterized by cold winters and hot summers, rapid temperature changes, scarce precipitation, violent sandstorms, high air dust content, and abundant solar energy resources. Under such climate conditions, heating and cooling of camping houses are necessary measures to ensure the normal life and work of front-line workers, and have unique technical requirements.
目前，沙漠野营房供暖和降温的技术措施一般特点为：为了适应野营房分散布置及频繁搬迁的特点，一般采用分散式供暖和供冷形式；供暖和供冷设备单独设置，冬季使用散热器供暖，夏季使用分体式空调器供冷或风扇降温；设置于室外的分体式空调器的冷凝器极易积累沙尘，设置于室内的蒸发器和散热器也易积累灰尘，易造成设备工作效率降低甚至损坏，因此应采用具有防沙尘功能的装置；供暖和空调设备的能源一般由电力、天然气或者蒸汽提供，所用的电能一般利用自备电站或发电机生产，消耗天燃气、柴油等常规化石能源。At present, the general characteristics of technical measures for heating and cooling desert camping houses are as follows: In order to adapt to the dispersed layout and frequent relocation of camping houses, decentralized heating and cooling are generally adopted; heating and cooling equipment are set up separately, and radiators are used for heating in winter. , use split air conditioners for cooling or fans for cooling in summer; the condenser of the split air conditioner installed outdoors is easy to accumulate dust, and the evaporator and radiator installed indoors are also easy to accumulate dust, which can easily cause the efficiency of the equipment to decrease. or even damaged, so devices with anti-sand and dust functions should be used; the energy for heating and air-conditioning equipment is generally provided by electricity, natural gas or steam. The electricity used is generally produced by self-provided power stations or generators, consuming conventional fossil fuels such as natural gas and diesel. energy.
综上，尽管现有技术能在一定程度上解决沙漠地区野营房供暖和降温问题，然而，仍有以下问题亟待解决：（1）沙漠地区具有太阳能利用的极佳条件，但目前大多使用常规能源来供暖和供冷，充分利用当地丰富太阳能资源的供暖供冷系统有待开发；（2）防尘装置不仅降低了设备工作效率，而且增加了维护和清理沙尘的工作量，避免积尘及高效清灰措施有待改进；（3）散热器和空调器占用较多的野营房空间，兼具供暖和供冷功能的一体化设备有待开发；（4）为了适应野营房频繁搬迁的需要，供暖供冷系统的轻便性有待提高；（5）野营房供暖供冷系统的控制程度亟待提升，自动调温、自动控制等功能有待加强。In summary, although existing technology can solve the heating and cooling problems of camping houses in desert areas to a certain extent, there are still the following problems that need to be solved: (1) Desert areas have excellent conditions for solar energy utilization, but most of them currently use conventional energy. For heating and cooling, heating and cooling systems that make full use of local abundant solar resources need to be developed; (2) Dust-proof devices not only reduce the efficiency of the equipment, but also increase the workload of maintenance and dust cleaning to avoid dust accumulation and efficient Dust cleaning measures need to be improved; (3) radiators and air conditioners take up a lot of camping room space, and integrated equipment with both heating and cooling functions needs to be developed; (4) In order to adapt to the needs of frequent relocation of camping rooms, heating supply The portability of the cooling system needs to be improved; (5) The control level of the heating and cooling system in the camping room needs to be improved urgently, and functions such as automatic temperature adjustment and automatic control need to be strengthened.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服现有技术的缺陷和不足，本发明基于太阳能光伏发电、半导体制冷制热、自动控制等原理，提供一种沙漠地区野营房用光伏半导体供暖供冷系统及其工作方法，该光伏半导体供冷供热系统具有太阳能电源驱动、供冷供热双工况、供热供冷速度快、便于清灰除尘、自动控制等特点。In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a photovoltaic semiconductor heating and cooling system for camping houses in desert areas and a working method based on the principles of solar photovoltaic power generation, semiconductor refrigeration and heating, automatic control, etc. The photovoltaic semiconductor power supply The cooling and heating system has the characteristics of solar power drive, dual working modes of cooling and heating, fast heating and cooling speed, easy cleaning and dust removal, and automatic control.
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种沙漠野营房用光伏半导体供冷供热系统，它包括半导体供冷供热单元，它还包括光伏发电系统和自动控制系统；所述半导体供热供冷单元包含半导体片、室内侧散热板、室外侧散热板、水管、保温层、外壳；所述半导体片包含N型半导体和P型半导体，半导体片的两端涂抹导热硅脂后，分别与室内侧散热板及室外侧散热板连接；在室内侧散热板和室外侧散热板之间的空隙处填充保温层；所述室内侧散热板为表面光滑的平板结构；所述室外侧散热板为水冷散热板结构，水管与生活水箱内的换热器闭式连接；室外侧散热板与外壳之间填充保温材料；所述光伏发电系统包含太阳能电池板、光伏控制器、蓄电池、导线、电流换向开关和半导体电源开关；所述太阳能电池板经导线与光伏控制器电连接；所述光伏控制器与蓄电池电连接，所述光伏控制器还经电流换向开关与电流调节器电连接；所述电流换向开关经半导体电源开关与半导体片电连接；所述自动控制系统包含室内空气温度传感器、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器、单片机模块、电流调节器、LED显示屏；所述室内空气温度传感器、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器的输出端与单片机模块连接；单片机模块与所述电流调节器连接；所述室内空气温度传感器、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器实时监测室内空气温度、室内侧散热板表面温度、室外侧散热板表面温度值并传送给单片机模块，单片机模块根据室内空气温度与设定室内空气温度的差值进行分析，并将分析决策信号传递给电流调节器调节电流的大小，从而调节制冷量和制热量；所述LED显示屏与单片机模块连接，LED显示屏显示当前室内空气温度、室内侧散热板表面温度、室外侧散热板表面温度值。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping houses, which includes a semiconductor cooling and heating unit, a photovoltaic power generation system and an automatic control system; the semiconductor The heating and cooling unit includes a semiconductor chip, an indoor side heat sink, an outdoor side heat sink, a water pipe, an insulation layer, and a shell; the semiconductor chip includes an N-type semiconductor and a P-type semiconductor. After applying thermal conductive silicone grease to both ends of the semiconductor chip, They are respectively connected to the indoor side heat sink and the outdoor side heat sink; the gap between the indoor side heat sink and the outdoor side heat sink is filled with an insulation layer; the indoor side heat sink is a flat plate structure with a smooth surface; the outdoor side heat sink is It is a water-cooled heat sink structure, and the water pipe is connected to the heat exchanger in the domestic water tank in a closed manner; insulation material is filled between the outdoor side heat sink and the outer shell; the photovoltaic power generation system includes solar panels, photovoltaic controllers, batteries, wires, and current A reversing switch and a semiconductor power switch; the solar panel is electrically connected to the photovoltaic controller via wires; the photovoltaic controller is electrically connected to the battery, and the photovoltaic controller is also electrically connected to the current regulator via a current reversing switch; The current reversing switch is electrically connected to the semiconductor chip through a semiconductor power switch; the automatic control system includes an indoor air temperature sensor, an indoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor, an outdoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor, a single-chip microcomputer module, and a current regulator. LED display screen; the output ends of the indoor air temperature sensor, the indoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor, and the outdoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor are connected to the single chip microcomputer module; the single chip microcomputer module is connected to the current regulator; the indoor air temperature sensor , indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor, outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor monitors the indoor air temperature, indoor side radiating plate surface temperature, outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value in real time and transmits them to the microcontroller module. The microcontroller module determines the indoor air temperature and the setting value. The difference in indoor air temperature is analyzed, and the analysis decision signal is transmitted to the current regulator to adjust the size of the current, thereby adjusting the cooling capacity and heating capacity; the LED display screen is connected to the single-chip microcomputer module, and the LED display screen displays the current indoor air temperature. temperature, indoor side radiating plate surface temperature, outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature value.
所述的一种沙漠野营房用光伏半导体供冷供热系统的工作方法：The working method of the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping houses:
（a）当房间需要供冷时，通过电流换向开关将半导体供热供冷单元调至制冷模式，使半导体片的冷端面向室内。光伏发电系统根据所产生电能的充足程度调节供电模式；当太阳能充足时，由太阳能电池板产生的直流电直接向半导体供热供冷单元供电，并将富余的电量储存在蓄电池中；当太阳能不充足时，由太阳能电池板和蓄电池联合供电或由蓄电池供电。打开半导体电源开关，半导体片开始通电工作，半导体片的冷端将冷量传导给室内侧散热板向室内供冷，室内侧散热板的表面温度不低于室内空气的露点温度，且满足辐射供冷表面平均温度下限值；与半导体片热端连接的室外侧散热板升温，利用水管中的循环冷却水为室外侧散热板散热，水管中的冷却水吸收室外侧散热板热量后输送到水箱内的换热器，加热水箱中的水以提供洗浴热水；室内空气温度传感器、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器将实时监测的室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板壁面温度值、室外侧散热板壁面温度值传送给单片机模块，单片机模块根据室内空气温度与设定室内空气温度差值的大小，使电流调节器改变工作电流的大小，从而调节半导体供热供冷单元的制热量；同时，LED屏幕上的绿灯亮起，表示半导体供冷供热单元处于工作状态；LED屏幕上显示室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板表面温度值、室外侧散热板表面温度值、蓄电池的电量；当房间不需供冷时，关闭半导体电源开关。(a) When the room needs cooling, adjust the semiconductor heating and cooling unit to the cooling mode through the current reversing switch, so that the cold end of the semiconductor chip faces the room. The photovoltaic power generation system adjusts the power supply mode according to the adequacy of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, the DC power generated by the solar panel directly supplies power to the semiconductor heating and cooling unit, and the excess power is stored in the battery; when the solar energy is insufficient At this time, it is powered by a combination of solar panels and batteries or by batteries. Turn on the semiconductor power switch, and the semiconductor chip starts to be energized. The cold end of the semiconductor chip conducts the cold energy to the indoor side heat sink to provide cooling to the room. The surface temperature of the indoor side heat sink plate is not lower than the dew point temperature of the indoor air, and meets the radiation supply requirement. The lower limit of the average temperature of the cold surface; the outdoor radiator plate connected to the hot end of the semiconductor chip heats up, and the circulating cooling water in the water pipe is used to dissipate heat for the outdoor radiator plate. The cooling water in the water pipe absorbs the heat from the outdoor radiator plate and then transports it to the water tank. The heat exchanger inside heats the water in the water tank to provide hot water for bathing; the indoor air temperature sensor, indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor, and outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor will monitor the indoor air temperature value, indoor side radiating plate surface temperature value in real time The wall temperature value and the wall temperature value of the outdoor heat sink are transmitted to the single-chip computer module. The single-chip computer module causes the current regulator to change the working current according to the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, thereby adjusting the semiconductor heating and cooling. The heating capacity of the unit; at the same time, the green light on the LED screen lights up, indicating that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit is in working condition; the LED screen displays the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side heat sink surface temperature value, and the outdoor side heat sink surface temperature value. , battery power; when the room does not need cooling, turn off the semiconductor power switch.
（b）当房间需要供暖时，首先将制冷模式转换为制热模式，必须关掉半导体电源开关，等待室内侧散热板和室外侧散热板的温度恢复到室温后再启动；通过电流换向开关将半导体供热供冷单元调至制热模式，即改变流经半导体片的电流方向，使半导体片的热端面向室内。光伏发电系统根据所产生电能的充足程度调节供电模式；当太阳能充足时，由太阳能电池板产生的直流电直接向半导体供热供冷单元供电，并将富余的电量储存在蓄电池中；当太阳能不充足时，由太阳能电池板和蓄电池联合供电或由蓄电池供电。打开半导体电源开关，半导体片通电工作，半导体片的热端将热量传导给室内侧散热板向室内供热，室内侧散热板表面温度不超过70℃；与半导体片冷端连接的室外侧散热板温度下降，为防止室外侧散热板产生结露，保持室外侧散热板表面温度不低于室内空气的露点温度，水管中的冷却水不循环或者放空；室内空气温度传感器、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器将实时监测的室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板壁面温度值、室外侧散热板壁面温度值传送给单片机模块，单片机模块根据室内空气温度与设定室内空气温度差值的大小，使电流调节器改变工作电流的大小，从而调节半导体供热供冷单元的制热量；同时，所述LED屏幕上的绿灯亮起，表示半导体供冷供热单元1处于工作状态，LED屏幕上显示室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板表面温度值、室外侧散热板表面温度值、蓄电池的电量；当房间不需供暖时，关闭半导体供热供冷单元的电源开关。(b) When the room needs to be heated, first convert the cooling mode to the heating mode, turn off the semiconductor power switch, wait for the temperature of the indoor side heat sink and outdoor side heat sink to return to room temperature before starting; use the current reversal switch to The semiconductor heating and cooling unit is adjusted to the heating mode, that is, the direction of the current flowing through the semiconductor chip is changed so that the hot end of the semiconductor chip faces the room. The photovoltaic power generation system adjusts the power supply mode according to the adequacy of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, the DC power generated by the solar panel directly supplies power to the semiconductor heating and cooling unit, and the excess power is stored in the battery; when the solar energy is insufficient At this time, it is powered by a combination of solar panels and batteries or by batteries. Turn on the semiconductor power switch, and the semiconductor chip is powered on. The hot end of the semiconductor chip conducts heat to the indoor side heat sink to provide heat to the room. The surface temperature of the indoor side heat sink plate does not exceed 70°C; the outdoor side heat sink plate is connected to the cold end of the semiconductor chip. When the temperature drops, in order to prevent condensation on the outdoor radiator plate, the surface temperature of the outdoor radiator plate should be kept not lower than the dew point temperature of the indoor air. The cooling water in the water pipe should not be circulated or vented; the indoor air temperature sensor, the surface temperature of the indoor radiator plate The sensor and the outdoor radiating plate surface temperature sensor transmit the real-time monitored indoor air temperature value, indoor radiating plate wall temperature value, and outdoor radiating plate wall temperature value to the single-chip microcomputer module. The single-chip microcomputer module sets the indoor air temperature according to the indoor air temperature. The size of the difference causes the current regulator to change the size of the working current, thereby adjusting the heating capacity of the semiconductor heating and cooling unit; at the same time, the green light on the LED screen lights up, indicating that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit 1 is in working condition. , the LED screen displays the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side heat sink surface temperature value, the outdoor side heat sink surface temperature value, and the battery power; when the room does not need heating, turn off the power switch of the semiconductor heating and cooling unit.
本发明具有如下效果和益处：（1）利用沙漠地区丰富的太阳能资源满足供冷供热所需电力，节省化石能源和运行费用；（2）半导体供冷供热单元具有冬季供暖和夏季供冷两种用途，而且供热供冷速度快，适合需要快速将房间温度处理至设定范围的野营房；（3）夏季供冷模式能够通过室外侧水冷散热板回收热量并提供生活洗浴热水；（4）半导体供冷供热单元不易积尘，便于清灰，而且以辐射换热向室内供冷供热，避免对流换热或通风导致室内扬尘，改善室内卫生条件及人体热舒适性；（5）半导体供冷供热单元结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、易于拆装、便于搬迁，而且无机械运动部件，损耗小，维修费用低；（6）自动控制便捷，能够通过电流的调节实现温度控制，并保证系统安全运行。The invention has the following effects and benefits: (1) The abundant solar energy resources in the desert area are used to meet the power required for cooling and heating, saving fossil energy and operating costs; (2) The semiconductor cooling and heating unit has the functions of heating in winter and cooling in summer. It has two uses, and the heating and cooling speed is fast, which is suitable for camping rooms that need to quickly adjust the room temperature to the set range; (3) The summer cooling mode can recover heat through the outdoor side water-cooling heat sink and provide hot water for domestic bathing; (4) The semiconductor cooling and heating unit is not easy to accumulate dust and is easy to clean. It also provides indoor cooling and heating through radiation heat exchange, avoiding indoor dust caused by convection heat exchange or ventilation, and improving indoor sanitary conditions and human thermal comfort; ( 5) The semiconductor cooling and heating unit has a compact structure, small size, light weight, easy disassembly and relocation, and has no mechanical moving parts, with low loss and low maintenance costs; (6) Automatic control is convenient and can be realized by adjusting the current. temperature control and ensure safe operation of the system.
总之，本发明提供的光伏半导体供冷供热系统及其工作方法不仅在沙漠野营房，而且在矿山、戈壁等自然条件恶劣的地区具有广阔的应用空间和前景。In short, the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system and its working method provided by the present invention have broad application space and prospects not only in desert camping houses, but also in areas with harsh natural conditions such as mines and Gobi.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是一种沙漠野营房用光伏半导体供冷供热系统原理图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping houses.
图2是半导体供冷供热单元的主要构件分解图。Figure 2 is an exploded view of the main components of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit.
图3是半导体供冷供热单元的结构剖视图。Figure 3 is a structural cross-sectional view of the semiconductor cooling and heating unit.
图4是一种沙漠野营房用光伏半导体供热供冷系统的控制系统原理框图。Figure 4 is a schematic block diagram of the control system of a photovoltaic semiconductor heating and cooling system for desert camping houses.
图5是一种沙漠野营房用光伏半导体供热供冷系统布置示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic layout diagram of a photovoltaic semiconductor heating and cooling system for desert camping houses.
图中：1、半导体供冷供热单元，1.1、半导体片，1.2、室内侧散热板，1.3、室外侧散热板，1.4、水管，1.5、保温层，1.6、外壳，1.7、水箱，2、光伏发电系统，2.1、太阳能电池板，2.2、光伏控制器，2.3、蓄电池，2.4、导线，2.5、电流换向开关，2.6、半导体电源开关，3、自动控制系统，3.1、室内空气温度传感器，3.2、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器，3.3、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器，3.4、单片机模块，3.5、电流调节器，3.6、LED显示屏。In the picture: 1. Semiconductor cooling and heating unit, 1.1, semiconductor chip, 1.2, indoor side heat sink, 1.3, outdoor side heat sink, 1.4, water pipe, 1.5, insulation layer, 1.6, shell, 1.7, water tank, 2. Photovoltaic power generation system, 2.1, solar panels, 2.2, photovoltaic controller, 2.3, battery, 2.4, wires, 2.5, current reversing switch, 2.6, semiconductor power switch, 3. automatic control system, 3.1, indoor air temperature sensor, 3.2. Indoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor, 3.3. Outdoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor, 3.4. Microcontroller module, 3.5. Current regulator, 3.6. LED display.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1-4所示，所述沙漠野营房用光伏半导体供冷供热系统包括半导体供冷供热单元1、光伏发电系统2和自动控制系统3。所述半导体供热供冷单元1包含半导体片1.1、室内侧散热板1.2、室外侧散热板1.3、水管1.4、保温层1.5、外壳1.6；所述半导体片1.1由N型半导体和P型半导体组成，半导体片1.1的两端涂抹导热硅脂后，分别与室内侧散热板1.2及室外侧散热板1.3连接；所述室内侧散热板1.2及室外侧散热板1.3采用导热性能及防腐耐蚀性能好的铝、铝合金、镀锌钢板或陶瓷材料；在室内侧散热板1.2和室外侧散热板1.3之间的空隙处填充保温层1.5，阻隔热端向冷端传热；所述室内侧散热板1.2为表面光滑的平板结构，主要以辐射方式与室内空气及房间其他壁面进行换热；所述室外侧散热板1.3为水冷散热板结构，水管1.4与水箱1.7内的换热器闭式连接；室外侧散热板1.3与外壳1.6之间填充保温材料；半导体供热供冷单元1进行密封处理，外壳1.6的材料要求轻质、坚固、表面光滑；所述光伏发电系统2包含太阳能电池板2.1、光伏控制器2.2（型号为SD1230）、蓄电池2.3、导线2.4、电流换向开关2.5和半导体电源开关2.6；所述太阳能电池板2.1经导线2.4与光伏控制器2.2电连接；所述光伏控制器2.2与蓄电池2.3电连接，所述光伏控制器2.2还经电流换向开关2.5与电流调节器3.5（型号为RM00-V1）电连接；所述电流换向开关2.5经半导体电源开关2.6与半导体片1.1电连接，所述光伏发电系统2还与室内空气温度传感器3.1、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器3.2、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器3.3、单片机模块3.4（型号为MSP430）、LED显示屏3.6电连接。所述自动控制系统3包含室内空气温度传感器3.1、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器3.2、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器3.3、单片机模块3.4、电流调节器3.5、LED显示屏3.6；所述室内空气温度传感器3.1、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器3.2、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器3.3的输出端与单片机模块3.4连接；单片机模块3.4与所述电流调节器3.5连接；所述室内空气温度传感器3.1、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器3.2、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器3.3实时监测室内空气温度、室内侧散热板表面温度、室外侧散热板表面温度值并传送给单片机模块3.4，单片机模块3.4根据室内空气温度与设定室内空气温度的差值进行分析，并将分析决策信号传递给电流调节器3.5调节电流的大小，从而调节制冷量和制热量；所述LED显示屏3.6与单片机模块3.4连接，LED显示屏3.6显示当前室内空气温度、室内侧散热板表面温度、室外侧散热板表面温度值。As shown in Figure 1-4, the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system for desert camping houses includes a semiconductor cooling and heating unit 1, a photovoltaic power generation system 2 and an automatic control system 3. The semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1 includes a semiconductor chip 1.1, an indoor side heat sink 1.2, an outdoor side heat sink 1.3, a water pipe 1.4, an insulation layer 1.5, and a shell 1.6; the semiconductor chip 1.1 is composed of N-type semiconductor and P-type semiconductor. , after the two ends of the semiconductor chip 1.1 are coated with thermal conductive silicone grease, they are connected to the indoor side heat sink 1.2 and the outdoor side heat sink 1.3 respectively; the indoor side heat sink 1.2 and the outdoor side heat sink 1.3 are designed with good thermal conductivity and anti-corrosion performance. Aluminum, aluminum alloy, galvanized steel plate or ceramic material; fill the gap between the indoor side heat sink 1.2 and the outdoor side heat sink 1.3 with an insulation layer 1.5 to block the heat transfer from the hot end to the cold end; the indoor side heat sink 1.2 It is a flat plate structure with a smooth surface, and mainly exchanges heat with the indoor air and other walls of the room through radiation; the outdoor side heat sink 1.3 is a water-cooled heat sink structure, and the water pipe 1.4 is closedly connected to the heat exchanger in the water tank 1.7; indoor The space between the outer heat sink 1.3 and the shell 1.6 is filled with insulation material; the semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1 is sealed, and the material of the shell 1.6 is required to be lightweight, strong, and smooth in surface; the photovoltaic power generation system 2 includes solar panels 2.1, photovoltaic Controller 2.2 (model: SD1230), battery 2.3, wire 2.4, current reversing switch 2.5 and semiconductor power switch 2.6; the solar panel 2.1 is electrically connected to the photovoltaic controller 2.2 via the wire 2.4; the photovoltaic controller 2.2 is connected to The battery 2.3 is electrically connected, the photovoltaic controller 2.2 is also electrically connected to the current regulator 3.5 (model RM00-V1) through the current reversing switch 2.5; the current reversing switch 2.5 is electrically connected to the semiconductor chip 1.1 through the semiconductor power switch 2.6 The photovoltaic power generation system 2 is also electrically connected to the indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, the indoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor 3.2, the outdoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor 3.3, the single chip microcomputer module 3.4 (model: MSP430), and the LED display screen 3.6. The automatic control system 3 includes an indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, an indoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor 3.2, an outdoor side heat sink surface temperature sensor 3.3, a single chip module 3.4, a current regulator 3.5, and an LED display 3.6; the indoor air temperature The output ends of the sensor 3.1, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2, and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3 are connected to the single-chip microcomputer module 3.4; the single-chip microcomputer module 3.4 is connected to the current regulator 3.5; the indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, indoor The side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2 and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3 monitor the indoor air temperature, indoor side radiating plate surface temperature, and outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature values in real time and transmit them to the single-chip microcomputer module 3.4. The single-chip microcomputer module 3.4 determines the indoor air temperature according to the indoor air temperature. The difference between the set indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature is analyzed, and the analysis decision signal is transmitted to the current regulator 3.5 to adjust the size of the current, thereby adjusting the cooling capacity and heating capacity; the LED display screen 3.6 is connected to the microcontroller module 3.4, and the LED display Screen 3.6 displays the current indoor air temperature, indoor side radiating plate surface temperature, and outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature values.
如图5所示，半导体供热供冷单元1能够挂装在墙壁上或吊装在天花板上，根据房间负荷需求能够进行多个半导体供热供冷单元1并联组合，太阳能电池板2敷设在屋顶，电流换向开关2.5和半导体电源开关2.6布置在易于操作处。As shown in Figure 5, the semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1 can be hung on the wall or suspended from the ceiling. Multiple semiconductor heating and cooling units 1 can be combined in parallel according to the room load demand, and the solar panels 2 are laid on the roof. , the current reversing switch 2.5 and the semiconductor power switch 2.6 are arranged at an easy-to-operate location.
实施例1Example 1
当房间需要供冷时，通过电流换向开关2.5将半导体供热供冷单元1调至制冷模式，使半导体片1.1的冷端面向室内。光伏发电系统2根据所产生电能的充足程度调节供电模式；当太阳能充足时，由太阳能电池板2.1产生的直流电直接向半导体供热供冷单元1供电，并将富余的电量储存在蓄电池2.3中；当太阳能不充足时，由太阳能电池板2.1和蓄电池2.3联合供电或由蓄电池2.3供电。打开半导体电源开关2.6，半导体片1.1开始通电工作，半导体片1.1的冷端将冷量传导给室内侧散热板1.2向室内供冷，室内侧散热板1.2的表面温度不低于室内空气的露点温度，且满足辐射供冷表面平均温度下限值；与半导体片1.1热端连接的室外侧散热板1.3升温，利用水管1.4中的循环冷却水为室外侧散热板1.3散热，水管1.4中的冷却水吸收室外侧散热板1.3热量后输送到水箱1.7内的换热器，加热水箱1.7中的水以提供洗浴热水；室内空气温度传感器3.1、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器3.2、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器3.3将实时监测的室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板壁面温度值、室外侧散热板壁面温度值传送给单片机模块3.4（型号为MSP430），单片机模块3.4根据室内空气温度与设定室内空气温度差值的大小，使电流调节器3.5（型号为RM00-V1）改变工作电流的大小，从而调节半导体供热供冷单元1的制冷量；同时，LED屏幕3.6上的绿灯亮起，表示半导体供冷供热单元1处于工作状态；LED屏幕3.6上显示室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板表面温度值、室外侧散热板表面温度值、蓄电池的电量；当房间不需供冷时，关闭半导体电源开关2.6。When the room needs to be cooled, the semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1 is adjusted to the cooling mode through the current reversing switch 2.5, so that the cold end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 faces the room. The photovoltaic power generation system 2 adjusts the power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, the DC power generated by the solar panel 2.1 directly supplies power to the semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1, and stores the excess power in the battery 2.3; When the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel 2.1 and the storage battery 2.3 jointly provide power or the storage battery 2.3 supplies power. Turn on the semiconductor power switch 2.6, and the semiconductor chip 1.1 starts to be energized. The cold end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 conducts the cold energy to the indoor side heat sink 1.2 to provide cooling to the room. The surface temperature of the indoor side heat sink 1.2 is not lower than the dew point temperature of the indoor air. , and meets the lower limit of the average temperature of the radiation cooling surface; the outdoor heat sink 1.3 connected to the hot end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 heats up, and the circulating cooling water in the water pipe 1.4 is used to dissipate heat for the outdoor heat sink 1.3, and the cooling water in the water pipe 1.4 After absorbing the heat from the outdoor side radiating plate 1.3, it is transferred to the heat exchanger in the water tank 1.7 to heat the water in the water tank 1.7 to provide hot water for bathing; indoor air temperature sensor 3.1, indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2, outdoor side radiating plate surface The temperature sensor 3.3 transmits the real-time monitored indoor air temperature value, indoor side radiating plate wall temperature value, and outdoor side radiating plate wall temperature value to the single-chip computer module 3.4 (model: MSP430). The single-chip computer module 3.4 sets the indoor air temperature according to the indoor air temperature. The size of the temperature difference causes the current regulator 3.5 (model RM00-V1) to change the working current, thereby adjusting the cooling capacity of the semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1; at the same time, the green light on the LED screen 3.6 lights up, indicating that the semiconductor The cooling and heating unit 1 is in working condition; the LED screen 3.6 displays the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side heat sink surface temperature value, the outdoor side heat sink surface temperature value, and the battery power; when the room does not need cooling, the semiconductor is turned off Power switch 2.6.
实施例2Example 2
当由供冷模式转换为供热模式时，必须首先关掉半导体电源开关2.6，等待室内侧散热板1.2和室外侧散热板1.3的温度恢复到室温后再启动；通过电流换向开关2.5将半导体供热供冷单元1调至制热模式，即改变流经半导体片1.1的电流方向，使半导体片1.1的热端面向室内。光伏发电系统2根据所产生电能的充足程度调节供电模式；当太阳能充足时，由太阳能电池板2.1产生的直流电直接向半导体供热供冷单元1供电，并将富余的电量储存在蓄电池2.3中；当太阳能不充足时，由太阳能电池板2.1和蓄电池2.3联合供电或由蓄电池2.3供电。打开半导体电源开关2.6，半导体片1.1通电工作，半导体片1.1的热端将热量传导给室内侧散热板1.2向室内供热，室内侧散热板1.2表面温度不超过70℃；与半导体片1.1冷端连接的室外侧散热板1.3温度下降，为防止室外侧散热板1.3产生结露，保持室外侧散热板1.3表面温度不低于室内空气的露点温度，水管1.4中的冷却水不循环或者放空；室内空气温度传感器3.1、室内侧散热板表面温度传感器3.2、室外侧散热板表面温度传感器3.3将实时监测的室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板壁面温度值、室外侧散热板壁面温度值传送给单片机模块3.4（型号为MSP430），单片机模块3.4根据室内空气温度与设定室内空气温度差值的大小，使电流调节器3.5（型号为RM00-V1）改变工作电流的大小，从而调节半导体供热供冷单元1的制热量；同时，所述LED屏幕3.6上的绿灯亮起，表示半导体供冷供热单元1处于工作状态，LED屏幕3.6上显示室内空气温度值、室内侧散热板表面温度值、室外侧散热板表面温度值、蓄电池的电量；当房间不需供暖时，关闭半导体电源开关2.6。When switching from cooling mode to heating mode, you must first turn off the semiconductor power switch 2.6, wait for the temperature of the indoor side heat sink 1.2 and the outdoor side heat sink 1.3 to return to room temperature before starting again; turn on the semiconductor power supply through the current reversing switch 2.5 The heating and cooling unit 1 is adjusted to the heating mode, that is, the direction of the current flowing through the semiconductor chip 1.1 is changed so that the hot end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 faces the room. The photovoltaic power generation system 2 adjusts the power supply mode according to the sufficiency of the generated electric energy; when the solar energy is sufficient, the DC power generated by the solar panel 2.1 directly supplies power to the semiconductor heating and cooling unit 1, and stores the excess power in the battery 2.3; When the solar energy is insufficient, the solar panel 2.1 and the storage battery 2.3 jointly provide power or the storage battery 2.3 supplies power. Turn on the semiconductor power switch 2.6, and the semiconductor chip 1.1 is powered on. The hot end of the semiconductor chip 1.1 conducts heat to the indoor heat sink 1.2 to provide heat to the room. The surface temperature of the indoor heat sink 1.2 does not exceed 70°C; it is connected to the cold end of the semiconductor chip 1.1. The temperature of the connected outdoor radiator plate 1.3 drops. In order to prevent condensation on the outdoor radiator plate 1.3, the surface temperature of the outdoor radiator plate 1.3 is kept not lower than the dew point temperature of the indoor air. The cooling water in the water pipe 1.4 is not circulated or vented; indoors The air temperature sensor 3.1, the indoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.2, and the outdoor side radiating plate surface temperature sensor 3.3 transmit the real-time monitored indoor air temperature value, indoor side radiating plate wall surface temperature value, and outdoor side radiating plate wall surface temperature value to the single-chip computer module 3.4 (model: MSP430), the microcontroller module 3.4 makes the current regulator 3.5 (model: RM00-V1) change the working current according to the difference between the indoor air temperature and the set indoor air temperature, thereby adjusting the semiconductor heating and cooling Heating capacity of unit 1; at the same time, the green light on the LED screen 3.6 lights up, indicating that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit 1 is in working condition. The LED screen 3.6 displays the indoor air temperature value, the indoor side heat sink surface temperature value, and the room temperature value. The surface temperature value of the outer heat sink and the battery power; when the room does not need heating, turn off the semiconductor power switch 2.6.
本发明的技术特点之一为：利用光伏发电系统为半导体供冷供热单元、自控系统提供所需电力，节省石化能源和运行费用；本发明的技术特点之二为：基于半导体供冷供热原理提出的半导体供冷供热单元具有冬季供暖和夏季供冷用途，并利用水冷散热板提供夏季洗浴热水，所述的半导体供冷供热单元通过改变电流方向就能够实现供冷供热模式切换，操作简单方便，而且供热供冷速度快；本发明的技术特点之三为：所述的半导体供冷供热单元不易积尘，便于清灰，而且以辐射换热向室内供冷供热，避免对流换热或通风导致室内扬尘，改善室内卫生条件及人体热舒适性；本发明的技术特点之四为：所述的光伏半导体供冷供热系统利用传感器、LED屏幕显示等技术对温度进行监测和提示，并能够通过电流的调节实现温度控制；本发明的技术特点之五为：所述的光伏半导体光伏半导体供冷供热系统可以取代采暖设备和分体式空调器安装在野营房内，不用改变野营房的构造，节省设备所占空间，便于搬迁。One of the technical features of the present invention is that the photovoltaic power generation system is used to provide the required power for semiconductor cooling and heating units and automatic control systems, saving petrochemical energy and operating costs; the second technical feature of the present invention is: based on semiconductor cooling and heating The semiconductor cooling and heating unit proposed by the principle has winter heating and summer cooling purposes, and uses water-cooled heat sinks to provide hot water for bathing in summer. The semiconductor cooling and heating unit can realize cooling and heating modes by changing the direction of the current. Switching is simple and convenient, and the heating and cooling speed is fast; the third technical feature of the present invention is that the semiconductor cooling and heating unit is not easy to accumulate dust, is easy to clean, and uses radiation heat exchange to provide indoor cooling heat, avoid indoor dust caused by convection heat exchange or ventilation, and improve indoor sanitary conditions and human thermal comfort; the fourth technical feature of the present invention is: the photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system uses sensors, LED screen display and other technologies to The temperature is monitored and prompted, and temperature control can be realized through current adjustment; the fifth technical feature of the present invention is: the photovoltaic semiconductor photovoltaic semiconductor cooling and heating system can replace heating equipment and split air conditioners and be installed in camping houses There is no need to change the structure of the camping room, which saves the space occupied by the equipment and facilitates relocation.
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