SK1802010U1 - Valveless four stroke internal combustion engine with opposed axial piston - Google Patents

Abstract

A valve-free four-stroke combustion engine with axially opposed pistons, characteristic in that it comprises an engine block (6) that contains sliding cylinders (5) with pistons (4) pin-fastened to connecting rods with cogs (3) with a working hemisphere (7) and a reversible hemisphere (8), which are in permanent sliding contact with the inclined plate (2) attached to a shaft (1).

Description

Non-valve four-stroke internal combustion engine with axially counter-rotating pistons.

Technical field

The invention relates to the design of unconventional design solutions for spark-ignition and compression-ignition internal combustion engines, by simplifying their kinetic linkages in order to increase their overall efficiency.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Current internal combustion engines apply the conversion of a linear, reciprocating piston by a crank mechanism to a rotary motion.

Expansion pressure exerts a force on the forehead of the piston which decreases linearly by moving the piston from the top dead center (HU) to the bottom dead center (DU). (The same passive force only acts on the cylinder head).

The piston mechanism expands the piston's expansion force so disadvantageously that its maximum values in the region of the HU and close to it generate no or very little torque. This force only causes increased pressures in the connecting rod and crankshaft bearings.

Similarly, in the DU and just before it, the torque is reduced geometrically to zero.

In this area the expansion force is already small and therefore the torque losses are not as noticeable as in the HU area and just behind it.

In this respect, the most advantageous proportional combinations have already been implemented and the development has stopped on the current symbiosis of the connection of the piston, the connecting rod and the crank itself and does not lead in this direction to a significant improvement. The power of rotary motors is directly dependent on torque and speed. This has led the engine designers to increase engine speed considerably over recent years. This is possible thanks to the current level of constructional, material and technological knowledge, as well as progress in the field of fuels and lubricants. However, this reduces the time to rationalize the fuel.

The decisive indicator of the assessment of internal combustion engines is their fuel consumption per unit of output produced and at the same time adherence to the set emission limits, which will still have a degressive trend.

The overall technical level of internal combustion engines is currently so sophisticated that further development and research can only be expected to achieve partial successes that are asymptotically close to exhausting all possibilities. This stops the increase in the efficiency of the internal combustion engine at a value defined by the technical possibilities.

The essence of the technical solution.

The proposed non-valve four-stroke internal combustion engine with axially counter-rotating pistons applies a periodic duty cycle like a conventional engine. Suction, compression, expansion and exhaust take place at two revolutions of the shaft.

A pair of opposed cylinders and pistons located in the bore of the engine block delimits one common combustion chamber - the so-called working unit.

There may be more working units in the block. Their axes run parallel to the shaft axis. Around the shaft, the working units are arranged in a circle. Their odd number (1,3,5) guarantees that we avoid the indifferent point in the process of converting rectilinear to circular motion.

The linear movement of the pistons becomes circular by means of two inclined plates which rotate together with the shaft. Working hemispheres slide on their inner surface and return hemispheres slide on their outer surface.

The hemispheres are housed in the connecting rod spherical seats and their current centers of rotation lie on the associated faces of the plate. The sloping plates pegged "against each other" begin to rotate using the expansion forces transmitted from the two pistons through the connecting rods and their working hemispheres using the principle of motion on the inclined plane. As the pistons and connecting rods move back, the return hemispheres slide on the outer surfaces of the inclined plates by the accumulated energy of the flywheel. The intake and exhaust process is facilitated by the rollers themselves. By sliding them out of the associated seats, an annular vent on either the intake or exhaust side opens at the appropriate time intervals. These vents are connected to the intake or exhaust pipes.

The rollers extend mechanically or electromagnetically. By means of a suitable "timing" of the functional surface of the cam disk, it is also possible to solve the so-called overlap. The cam disk is rotated by a 1: 2 propeller shaft linkage and extends the cylinder by a straddle lever to open the vent. The cylinders are pushed back into the seat by a spring.

Example of technical solution

The proposed non-valve four-stroke internal combustion engine with axially opposed pistons (Fig. 1) is designed so that two identical sides, front and rear, are interconnected by the engine block 6 and the shaft 1, which is mounted in the engine block 6 on two axially - radial bearings and extends horizontally across the engine.

Cylinders 5 are inserted from both sides into the engine block 6 and are displaceably mounted in the engine block 6 and sealed against the block by suitable seals. These rollers 5 engage in seats pressed on both sides in the engine block 6. Each roller 5 is pushed into the seat by a spring 13 supported on a guide disc 16, which allows the roller 5 to be moved in the horizontal direction.

Between the guide disc 16 and the cylinder 5 there is a seal enclosing the space in the engine block 6. The space is filled with coolant (most preferably the same type of oil used in the engine).

The shaft 1, which has a toothing in this part, drives the cam disk 11 through the satellites 10 at a rotational ratio of 1: 2.

The cam disk 11 moves the roller 5 by means of a straddle lever 12 and opens the compression space at the desired interval.

The optimum distribution of the expansion order in the individual cylinders (in the range of two revolutions) will allow the cam disc 11 to have multiple functional paths, making the choice of a suitable suction or exhaust side variable in construction.

The pistons 4 are connected to the cylinders from both sides and connected by a piston pin to the connecting rod 3. The connecting rod is equipped on the inside with a working hemisphere 7 and opposite the return hemisphere 8. The hemispheres 7,8 are mounted in the ball bearings in the connecting rod yoke 3.

The clearance of the return hemisphere 8 defines a clearance between the inclined plate 2 and the two hemispheres 7,8, the pivoting centers of which lie on the inner and outer surfaces of the plate 2. Thus, the centers of the two hemispheres 7,8 lie still in a line coincident with the feed axis and a connecting rod 3, which by its caliper is housed in a prismatic guide 9 fixed in the seat of the guide ring 14.

A rotating inclined plate 2 is fitted into the inner diameter of the guide ring 14, whereby the guide of the yoke 3 is defined and only allows its axial movement.

The engine compartment from the front is closed by the front disc 15 and from the rear by the closing disc 17.

Claims (2)

Valve-free four-stroke internal combustion engine with axially counter-rotating pistons, characterized in that it consists of an engine block (6) in which sliding cylinders (5) are mounted with pistons (4) pinned to yoke rods (3) with working hemisphere (7). ) and a return hemisphere (8), which are in sliding permanent contact with the inclined plate (2) mounted on the shaft (1). The valve according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding cylinders (5) have a mechanical or electromagnetic drive for extending and sliding into seats for filling or emptying the combustion chamber.