SK139498A3 - Use of aspartic acid-containing polymers in cooling circuits with added biocides - Google Patents
Use of aspartic acid-containing polymers in cooling circuits with added biocides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- SK139498A3 SK139498A3 SK1394-98A SK139498A SK139498A3 SK 139498 A3 SK139498 A3 SK 139498A3 SK 139498 A SK139498 A SK 139498A SK 139498 A3 SK139498 A3 SK 139498A3
- Authority
- SK
- Slovakia
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- use according
- water
- organic polymers
- polymers
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 24
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 title claims description 10
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 10
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229920000805 Polyaspartic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- -1 unsaturated sulfuric acid ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical group OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxidochlorine(.) Chemical compound O=Cl=O OSVXSBDYLRYLIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004155 Chlorine dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019398 chlorine dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorite Chemical class Cl[O-] WQYVRQLZKVEZGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002201 Oxidized cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940107304 oxidized cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001254 oxidized starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013808 oxidized starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002443 hydroxylamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002826 nitrites Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylphosphonic acid Chemical group OP(O)(=O)C=C ZTWTYVWXUKTLCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003641 microbiacidal effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M bromate Chemical class [O-]Br(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GWKOSRIHVSBBIA-REOHCLBHSA-N (3s)-3-aminooxolane-2,5-dione Chemical compound N[C@H]1CC(=O)OC1=O GWKOSRIHVSBBIA-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C XHZPRMZZQOIPDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCNUAGQCOCSQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phosphanylbutanedioic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(P)C(O)=O UCNUAGQCOCSQMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical class NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000608 Polyaspartic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010669 acid-base reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006322 acrylamide copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006065 biodegradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromic acid Chemical compound OBr(=O)=O SXDBWCPKPHAZSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008366 buffered solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013098 chemical test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920013750 conditioning polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940050410 gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002337 glycosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001665 lethal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002689 maleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YRVUCYWJQFRCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCCNC(=O)C=C YRVUCYWJQFRCOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011970 polystyrene sulfonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)CC=C UIIIBRHUICCMAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002455 scale inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]Br(=O)=O XUXNAKZDHHEHPC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDVPQXZIJDEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinamic acid Chemical compound NC(=O)CCC(O)=O JDVPQXZIJDEHAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
Použitie biologicky odbúrateľných organických polymérovUse of biodegradable organic polymers
Oblasť techniky fTechnical field f
Vynález sa týka oblasti kondicionovania chladiacej vody pre vodné chladiace systémy. Pod kondicionovaním sa pritom bude rozumieť predovšetkým zmiernenie korozívnych účinkov vodnej fázy a jej stabilizácia proti tvorbe usadenín, usadzovaniu látok, spôsobujúcich tvrdosť vody, a tvorbe biologických nánosov. Vynález je vhodný tak pre otvorené, ako aj pre uzavreté chladiace systémy a týka sa rovnako prietokových chladiacich systémov, ako aj okruhových chladiacich systémov. Je koncipovaný najmä pre otvorené okruhové chladiace systémy. Pretože u týchto chladiaci účinok spočíva v odparovaní vody, tieto sú v dôsledku s tým spojeného koncentrovania sa látok, ktoré voda obsahuje, zvlášť náchylné na tvorbu anorganických a organických nánosov alebo usadenín.The invention relates to the field of cooling water conditioning for water cooling systems. In this context, conditioning will be understood in particular to lessen the corrosive effects of the aqueous phase and its stabilization against the formation of deposits, the deposition of water hardeners, and the formation of biological deposits. The invention is suitable for both open and closed cooling systems and relates both to flow-through cooling systems and circuit-cooling systems. It is designed especially for open circuit cooling systems. Since the cooling effect consists in the evaporation of water, they are particularly susceptible to the formation of inorganic and organic deposits or sediments due to the concentration thereof.
Doterajší stav technikyBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dôležitými zložkami na kondicionovanie chladiacej vody sú stabilizátory tvrdosti vody, dispergátory, inhibítory korózie a biocídy. Ako stabilizátory tvrdosti vody sú napríklad známe: anorganické polyfosforečnany, kyseliny fosfónové, kyseliny aminometylénfosfónové, estery kyseliny fosforečnej, fosfónkarboxylové kyseliny, ako aj polykarboxylové kyseliny, napríklad typu čiastočne zmydelnených polyakrylamidov alebo polymérov, resp. kopolymérov kyseliny akrylovej a/alebo kyseliny metakrylovej. Posledne uvedené polykarboxylové kyseliny môžu prevziať aj funkciu dispergačných prostriedkov, t.j. stabilizujú mikrodispe'rzne rozdelené častice tuhých látok proti sedimentácii a tvorbe kalu. Okrem už uvedených čiastočne hydrolyzovaných polyakrylamidov a polymérov, resp. kopolymérov kyseliny akrylovej a/alebo kyseliny metakrylovej sa ako dispergačné prostriedky môžu použiť: polystyrolsulfonáty, polyvinylsulfonáty, kvaternárne zlúčeniny amónia, nezmydelnené polyakrylamidy a polyalkylénglykoly. Ako mikrobiocídy sa popri látkach, ktoré pôsobia jedovato na mikroorganizmy, používajú aj také látky, ktorých smrtiaci účinok na zárodky spočíva v ich oxidačnom potenciáli. Oxidačné pôsobiaceWater hardness stabilizers, dispersants, corrosion inhibitors and biocides are important components for conditioning the cooling water. The following are known as water hardness stabilizers: inorganic polyphosphates, phosphonic acids, aminomethylene phosphonic acids, phosphoric esters, phosphonic carboxylic acids, and polycarboxylic acids, for example of the partially saponified polyacrylamides or polymers, respectively. copolymers of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid. The latter polycarboxylic acids can also assume the function of dispersants, i. stabilize the micro-dispersed solid particles against sedimentation and sludge formation. In addition to the above-mentioned partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides and polymers, respectively. The polymers of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid may be used as dispersants: polystyrene sulfonates, polyvinyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium compounds, unsaponified polyacrylamides and polyalkylene glycols. In addition to substances which have a toxic effect on microorganisms, substances whose lethal effect on the germs lies in their oxidative potential are also used as microbiocides. Oxidizing agents
-2mikrobiocídy majú nevýhodu, že ich účinnosť sa stratí, keď zoxidujú iné látky a tým sa spotrebujú. Táto nevýhoda, ktorá sa dá vyrovnať spojitým alebo nárazovým dodatočným dávkovaním, sa však ukáže byť výhodou, keď sa chladiaca voda ako celok, alebo čiastočne vypustí z chladiaceho systému. Pretože sa oxidačné pôsobiace mikrobiocídy rýchlo spotrebujú, spravidla sú neúčinné, keď sa chladiaca voda, do ktorej sa pridali, dostane do životného prostredia. Takýmito oxidačné pôsobiacimi mikrobiocídmi sú napríklad ozón, chlór, bróm, oxid chloričitý, chlórnany, brómnany alebo peroxid vodíka.-2 Microbiocides have the disadvantage that their effectiveness is lost when they oxidize other substances and thus are consumed. However, this disadvantage, which can be compensated by continuous or burst additional dosing, proves to be an advantage when the cooling water as a whole or partially is discharged from the cooling system. Because oxidising microbiocides are rapidly consumed, they are generally ineffective when the cooling water to which they are added reaches the environment. Such oxidizing microbiocides are, for example, ozone, chlorine, bromine, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorites, bromates or hydrogen peroxide.
Ako stabilizátory tvrdosti vody a/alebo dispergátory použité fosfororganické zlúčeniny alebo organické polyméry vykazujú spravidla nevýhodu, že nie sú biologicky odbúrateľné. Táto chýbajúca odbúrateľnosť je výhodou, pokiaľ sa tieto kondicionovacie prostriedky nachádzajú v chladiacom okruhu. Biologická stálosť sa však potom stane nevýhodou, keď sa chladiace médium čiastočne alebo úplne vypusti a s čistením alebo bez čistenia odpadových vôd sa vypustí do životného prostredia. Preto existuje potreba stabilizátorov tvrdosti vody a/alebo dispergátorov, ktoré vykazujú dostatočnú biologickú odbúrateľnosť, takže sa dajú rýchlo biologicky odbúrať najneskôr vtedy, keď sa chladiaca voda, do ktorej boli pridané, vypustí z chladiaceho systému.The phosphor-organic compounds or organic polymers used as water hardness stabilizers and / or dispersants generally have the disadvantage that they are not biodegradable. This lack of degradability is an advantage when the conditioning means are present in the cooling circuit. However, biological stability then becomes a disadvantage when the coolant is partially or completely drained and discharged into the environment with or without waste water treatment. Therefore, there is a need for water hardness stabilizers and / or dispersants that exhibit sufficient biodegradability so that they can be rapidly biodegraded at the latest when the cooling water to which they have been added is drained from the cooling system.
V novšej dobe boli opísané biologicky odbúrateľné, na kondicionovanie vody použiteľné polyméry. Napríklad WO 94/01476 opisuje očkované kopolymerizáty nenasýtených monomérov a cukrov, spôsob ich prípravy a ich použitie. Tam opísané polyméry pozostávajú z očkovaných kopolymerizátov z monosacharidov, disacharidov a oligosacharidov, ich reakčných produktov a ich derivátov a zo zmesi monomérov, ktorá sa dá získať radikálnou kopolymerizáciou očkovaním zmesi monomérov zo 1) 45 až 96 % hmotn. najmenej jednej monoetylénicky nenasýtenej C3.io-monokarboxylovej kyseliny, 2) 4 až 55 % hmotn. najmenej jedného monoméru, obsahujúceho skupiny monoetylénicky nenasýtenej kyseliny sulfónovej, esteru monoetylénicky nenasýtenej kyseliny sírovej a/alebo vinylfosfónovej, 3) 0 až 30 % hmotn. najmenej jednej vo vode rozpustnej, monoetylénicky nenasýtenej zlúčeniny, ktorá je modifikovaná 2 až 50 mol alkylénoxidu na mol, 4) 0 až 45 % hmotn. najmenej jedného ďalšieho vo vode rozpustného, radikálne polymerizovateľného monoméru, 5) 0 až 30 % hmotn. iných, vo vode málo rozpustných, resp.More recently, biodegradable polymers have been described for water conditioning. For example, WO 94/01476 discloses graft copolymers of unsaturated monomers and sugars, a process for their preparation and their use. The polymers described herein consist of graft copolymerizates of monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides, their reaction products and derivatives thereof, and a monomer mixture obtainable by radical copolymerization by grafting a monomer mixture of 1) 45 to 96% by weight. monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 .io-monocarboxylic acid, 2) 4-55% by weight. % of at least one monomer comprising monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid groups, monoethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid and / or vinylphosphonic acid ester; % of at least one water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated compound which is modified with 2 to 50 moles of alkylene oxide per mole; % of at least one other water-soluble, radically polymerizable monomer; other water-insoluble, resp.
-3nerozpustných, radikálne polymerizovateľných monomérov, ktoré v súčte z 1) až 5) dávajú 100 %, pričom namiesto kyselín'sa môžu použiť aj ich soli s jednomocnými katiónmi v prítomnosti mono-, di a oligosacharidov, ich reakčných produktov a derivátov alebo ich zmesi, pričom obsah týchto sacharidových zložiek v celej zmesi je 5 až 60 % hmotn..- insoluble, radically polymerizable monomers which give 100% in total from 1) to 5), wherein their monovalent, cationic salts and their reaction products and derivatives or mixtures thereof may also be used in place of the acids with monovalent cations wherein the content of these carbohydrate components throughout the mixture is 5 to 60 wt.%.
DE-A-43 00 772 taktiež opisuje biologicky odbúrateľné kopolyméry, spôsob ich prípravy a ich použitie. Pri tom ide o polyméry z 1) 10 až 70 % hmotn. monoetylénicky nenasýtených C4.8-dikarboxylových kyselín, 2) 20 až 85 % hmotn. monoetylénicky nenasýtených C3-io-monokarboxylových kyselín, 3) 1 až 50 % hmotn. mononenasýtených monomérov, ktoré sa po hydrolýze alebo zmydelnení môžu premeniť na monomérne jednotky s jednou alebo viacerými hydroxylovými skupinami, kovalentne viazanými na C-C reťazec, a 4) 0 až 10 % hmotn. ďalších radikálne kopolymerizovateľných monomérov, pričom súčet z 1) až 4) dáva 100 % hmotn. a namiesto kyselín sa môžu použiť aj ich soli s jednomocnými katiónmi.DE-A-43 00 772 also discloses biodegradable copolymers, a process for their preparation and their use. These are polymers of 1) 10 to 70 wt. monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 . % Of 8- dicarboxylic acids; monoethylenically unsaturated C3-IO-monocarboxylic acids, 3) 1 to 50% by weight. % of monounsaturated monomers which, after hydrolysis or saponification, can be converted into monomer units with one or more hydroxyl groups covalently bonded to the CC chain, and 4) 0 to 10 wt. % of other radically copolymerizable monomers, wherein the sum of 1) to 4) gives 100 wt. and monovalent cation salts thereof may also be used in place of the acids.
Biologicky odbúrateľné, na kondicionovanie vody vhodné polyméry možno nájsť aj medzi prirodzene sa vyskytujúcimi polymérmi a ich derivátmi, vybranými z polysacharidov, polyglykozidov, polyglukozidov, oxidovanej celulózy, oxidovaného škrobu, oxidovaného dextrínu, proteínov.Biodegradable, water-conditioning polymers can also be found among naturally occurring polymers and derivatives thereof selected from polysaccharides, polyglycosides, polyglucosides, oxidized cellulose, oxidized starch, oxidized dextrin, proteins.
Ako biologicky odbúrateľné polyméry, ktoré sa dajú použiť pri úprave vody ako dispergačné prostriedky alebo ako prostriedky na inhibovanie tvorby vodného kameňa, sa ďalej navrhli kyseliny polyasparágové a polyméry, obsahujúce kyselinu asparágovú. Napríklad WO 94/19409 opisuje prípravu a použitie vo vode rozpustných solí kyseliny beta-polyasparágovej, t.j. kyseliny polyasparágovej, v ktorej sú monoméry viacnásobne viazané beta-väzbami. Stredná molová hmotnosť je v oblasti medzi asi 1000 a asi 5000. Z WO 92/16462 ďalej'vyplýva, že taká kyselina polyasparágové, ktorá sa pripraví hydrolýzou anhydridu kyseliny asparágovej, je vhodná na zabránenie vápenatouhličitanovému a vápenatofosforečnanovému vodnému kameňu. Ďalšie údaje k syntéze kyseliny alfa- a betapolyasparágovej sa dajú zistiť v US-A-5 057 597. Pritom sa monomérna aminokyselina v časticovej forme vo fluidizovanom lôžku zahreje na najmenej 180 °C a tak dlho sa udržiava pri teplote medzi 180 a 250 °C, kým sa za odštiepenia vody nedosiahne požadovaný stupeň polymerizácie na anhydrid kyselinyFurther, polyaspartic acids and polymers containing aspartic acid have been proposed as biodegradable polymers which can be used in the treatment of water as dispersants or as agents for inhibiting lime scale formation. For example, WO 94/19409 describes the preparation and use of water-soluble salts of beta-polyaspartic acid, i. polyaspartic acid, wherein the monomers are multiply bonded by beta-bonds. The average molar mass is in the range between about 1000 and about 5000. Furthermore, it follows from WO 92/16462 that such polyaspartic acid, which is prepared by hydrolyzing aspartic anhydride, is suitable for preventing calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate scale. Further data on the synthesis of alpha- and betapolyaspartic acid can be found in US-A-5,057,597. Here, the monomeric amino acid in particulate form in a fluidized bed is heated to at least 180 ° C and thus maintained at a temperature between 180 and 250 ° C. until the desired degree of polymerization to the acid anhydride is achieved by cleavage of the water
-4asparágovej. Anhydrid kyseliny polyasparágovej sa potom hydrolyzuje, s výhodou alkalický. Alternatívnu cestu prípravy opisuje WO 93/23452, po čom sa nechá kyselina maleínová zreagovať s nadbytkom amoniaku pri teplotách v oblasti od 200 do 300 °C na kyselinu polyasparágovú. Reakciou so zásadou sa dá táto kyselina premeniť na jej soli.-4asparágovej. The polyaspartic anhydride is then hydrolyzed, preferably alkaline. An alternative route of preparation is described in WO 93/23452, after which maleic acid is reacted with an excess of ammonia at temperatures in the range of 200 to 300 ° C to form polyaspartic acid. The acid can be converted into its salts by reaction with a base.
WO 94/01486 opisuje modifikované kyseliny polyasparágové, ktoré sa dajú použiť napríklad ako prostriedky na úpravu vody, ako aj spôsob ich prípravy. Tieto modifikované kyseliny polyasparágové sa získajú polykondenzáciou 1 až 99,9 % mol. kyseliny asparágovej s 99 až 0,1 % mol. mastných kyselín, viacsýtnych karboxylových kyselín, jednosýtnych polyhydroxykarboxylových kyselín, alkoholov, amínov, alkoxylovaných alkoholov a amínov, aminocukrov, uhľohydrátov, cukrových karboxylových kyselín a/alebo neproteinogénnych aminokarboxylových kyselín. Ďalej sa dajú modifikované kyseliny polyasparágové pripraviť polymerizáciou monoetylénicky nenasýtených monomérov v prítomnosti kyselín polyasparágových na spôsob radikálne iniciovanej kopolymerizácie očkovaním. Doplňujúco k tomu WO 94/20563 opisuje spôsob prípravy reakčných produktov z imidov kyseliny 1 ' ' I * ” j polyasparágovej a aminokyselín, ako aj reakčných produktov z imidov kyseliny polyasparágovej s alkanolamínmi alebo aminovanými etoxylátmi vyšších alifatických alkoholov. Aj takéto reakčné produkty sú vhodné ako inhibítory tvorby vodného kameňa a ako dispergačné prostriedky.WO 94/01486 describes modified polyaspartic acids which can be used, for example, as water treatment agents as well as a process for their preparation. These modified polyaspartic acids are obtained by polycondensation of 1 to 99.9 mol%. of aspartic acid with 99 to 0.1 mol%. fatty acids, polycarboxylic acids, monohydric polyhydroxycarboxylic acids, alcohols, amines, alkoxylated alcohols and amines, amino sugars, carbohydrates, carboxylic sugars and / or non-proteinogenic aminocarboxylic acids. Further, modified polyaspartic acids can be prepared by polymerizing monoethylenically unsaturated monomers in the presence of polyaspartic acids as a method of radically initiated graft copolymerization. Additionally, the WO 94/20563 discloses a process for preparing reaction products from imides of 1 '' I * 'j and polyaspartic acid, and reaction products of polyaspartic acid imides with alkanolamines or aminated fatty alcohol ethoxylates. Such reaction products are also useful as scale inhibitors and dispersants.
Ďalšie polyméry a kopolyméry kyseliny asparágovej, prípadne v spojení s ďalšími aminokyselinami, sú napríklad opísané vo WO 92/17194, WO 94/03527, WO 94/21710, ako aj v DE-A-43 08 426. WO 94/19288 opisuje použitie kyseliny polyasparágovej a veľkého počtu ďalších produktov na zabránenie usadeninám v ( t , stavebnom odvodňovacom systéme, napríklad v tuneloch, štôlňach, priehradových múroch, hrádzach a podobne. Podľa poznatkov EP-A-672 625 sa získajú zlepšené prostriedky na úpravu vody, keď sa použije kyselina polyasparágové alebo jej derivát v spojení s kyselinou fosfónovou. Pritom je hmotnostný pomer kyseliny polyasparágovej, resp. jej derivátu, ku kyseline fosfónovej s výhodou v oblasti od 90 : 10 do 10 : 90. Ako výhodná kyselina polyasparágové sa používa kyselina betapolyasparágová s molekulovou hmotnosťou od 1000 do 10000.Other polymers and copolymers of aspartic acid, optionally in conjunction with other amino acids, are described, for example, in WO 92/17194, WO 94/03527, WO 94/21710 as well as in DE-A-43 08 426. WO 94/19288 discloses the use of polyaspartic acid and a large number of other products to prevent deposits in ( t, building drainage systems such as tunnels, galleries, barriers, dams, etc.) EP-A-672 625 discloses improved water treatment compositions when used polyaspartic acid or a derivative thereof in conjunction with phosphonic acid, wherein the weight ratio of polyaspartic acid or derivative thereof to phosphonic acid is preferably in the range from 90: 10 to 10: 90. The preferred polyaspartic acid is betapolyaspartic acid with a molecular weight from 1000 to 10000.
-5Hoci vzhľadom na vyššie citovanú literatúru je. použitie biologicky odbúrateľných polymérov, ako napríklad kyseliny polyasparágovej alebo iných polymérov, obsahujúcich kyselinu asparágovú, na úpravu vody všeobecne známe, použitie týchto biologicky odbúrateľných látok je prinajmenšom v otvorenýchAlthough, with respect to the above-cited literature, it is. the use of biodegradable polymers, such as polyaspartic acid or other aspartic acid-containing polymers, for the treatment of water generally known, the use of these biodegradable substances is at least in open
I chladiacich systémoch problematické: Dá sa očakávať, že tieto látky sa rýchlo odbúrajú v samotnom chladiacom okruhu, takže ich účinok sa rýchlo stratí a ich použitie bude nehospodárne. Tento vynález si kladie za úlohu tieto polyméry stabilizovať proti biologickému odbúraniu v chladiacom systéme bez toho, aby sa zabraňovalo ich odbúraniu po opustení chladiaceho systému. Doterajšia literatúra neobsahuje žiadny poukaz na to, že by sa takéto produkty mohli použiť spolu s biocídne pôsobiacimi oxidačnými prostriedkami v chladiacich okruhoch. Takáto možnosť použitia sa zdá byť otáznou, pretože sa dá očakávať, že oxidačné prostriedky budú reagovať s polymérmi a dezaktivovať ich. Vynález si naproti tomu ďalej kladie za úlohu pripraviť kombináciu biologicky odbúrateľných polymérov a biocídne pôsobiacich oxidačných prostriedkov, ktorá sa dá použiť na kondicionovanie vôdy v< chladiacich okruhoch a ktorá pri podmienkach použitia 1 ‘ ' ,· t vykazuje dostatočne dlhú dobu pôsobenia.Even problematic cooling systems: These substances can be expected to be rapidly degraded in the cooling circuit itself, so that their effect will quickly disappear and their use will be uneconomical. It is an object of the present invention to stabilize these polymers against biodegradation in a refrigeration system without preventing their degradation upon leaving the refrigeration system. The prior art does not contain any indication that such products could be used together with biocidal oxidizing agents in cooling circuits. Such a possibility of use seems to be questionable because oxidizing agents can be expected to react with polymers and deactivate them. The invention further contrast, the object of providing a combination of biodegradable polymers and biocidal active oxidizing agents that can be used to condition the water in <cooling circuits and which under conditions of use 1 '' · t has a sufficiently long duration of action.
Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Predmetom vynálezu je použitie biologicky odbúrateľných organických polymérov so strednou molovou hmotnosťou nad 500 vo vodných chladiacich systémoch, kde vodná fáza chladiacich systémov obsahuje dodatočne 0,05 až 5 mg/1 oxidačného prostriedku, ktorý má kladnejší štandardný redoxný potenciál než kyslík.It is an object of the invention to use biodegradable organic polymers with an average molecular weight above 500 in aqueous cooling systems, wherein the aqueous phase of the cooling systems additionally contains 0.05 to 5 mg / l of an oxidizing agent having a more positive standard redox potential than oxygen.
Štandardné redoxné potenciály, označované aj ako normálne potenciály, predstavujú všeobecne známe termodynamické pojmy, ktoré sú opísané v učebniciach všeobecnej alebo fyzikálnej chémie. Uveďme napríklad kapitolu 11 učebnice: H. R. Christen Grundlagen der allgemeinen und anorganischen Chemie, vydavateľstvo Sauerländer-Salle, 1973. Táto učebnica obsahuje na stranách 692 až 697 zoznam rôznych normálnych potenciálov, ako ich možno nájsť aj v mnohýchStandard redox potentials, also referred to as normal potentials, are commonly known thermodynamic terms that are described in general or physical chemistry textbooks. For example, chapter 11 of the textbook: H. R. Christen Grundlagen der Allgemeinen und Inorganischen Chemie, Sauerländer-Salle, 1973. This textbook lists various normal potentials on pages 692 to 697, as can also be found in many
-6ďalších učebniciach a tabuľkách. Veľkosť štandardného redoxného potenciálu sa obyčajne udáva vo voltoch.-6other textbooks and tables. The magnitude of the standard redox potential is usually given in volts.
Na účel podľa tohto vynálezu sa s výhodou použijú oxidačné prostriedky so štandardným redoxným potenciálom väčším než 0,4 voltu. Tento oxidačný prostriedok sa s výhodou zvolí z peroxidu vodíka, chlóru, brómu, oxidu chloričitého, chlórnanov, brómnanov a ozónu. Pretože medzi týmito chemikáliami a vodou môžu prebiehať acidobázické a/alebo disproporcionačné reakcie, budeme pod vyššie uvedenými oxidačnými prostriedkami rozumieť aj ich reakčné produkty s vodou.For the purpose of the present invention, oxidizing agents with a standard redox potential greater than 0.4 volts are preferably used. The oxidizing agent is preferably selected from hydrogen peroxide, chlorine, bromine, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorite, bromate and ozone. Since acid-base and / or disproportionation reactions may occur between these chemicals and water, the above oxidizing agents will also be understood to include their reaction products with water.
Biologická odbúrateľnosť sa dá merať rôznymi spôsobmi. Na stanovenie biologickej odbúrateľnosti sa dá napríklad použiť modifikovaný STURM-test (OECDnávod č. 301 B), pri ktorom sa meria množstvo oxidu uhličitého, vznikajúceho počas odbúravania. Alternatívne sa dá použiť modifikovaný MITI-test (OECD-návod č. 301 na testovanie chemikálií), pri ktorom sa meria množstvo kyslíka, spotrebovaného počas odbúravania. V zmysle tohto vynálezu sa polyméry budú považovať za biologicky odbúrateľné, ak sa po testovacej dobe 28 dní bude pozorovať odbúranie väčšie než 50 %. '.Biodegradability can be measured in various ways. For example, a modified STURM test (OECD Guideline 301B) can be used to determine the biodegradability, which measures the amount of carbon dioxide produced during degradation. Alternatively, a modified MITI test (OECD Test Guideline 301 for Chemical Testing) can be used to measure the amount of oxygen consumed during degradation. For the purposes of this invention, polymers will be considered biodegradable if degradation greater than 50% is observed after a test period of 28 days. '.
• 1 • 1
V zmysle tohto vynálezu použiteľné, biologicky odbúrateľné polyméry sa môžu napríklad vybrať zBiodegradable polymers useful in the present invention may, for example, be selected from
a) očkovaných kopolymerizátov z monosacharidov, disacharidov a oligosacharidov, ich reakčných produktov a ich derivátov a zmesi monomérov, ziskateľnej radikálnou kopolymerizáciou očkovaním zmesi monomérov z 1) 45 až 96 % hmotn. najmenej jednej monoetylénicky nenasýtenej C3.i0-monokarboxylovej kyseliny, 2) 4 až 55 % hmotn. najmenej jedného monoméru, obsahujúceho skupiny monoetylénicky nenasýtenej kyseliny sulfónovej, esteru monoetylénicky nenasýtenej kyseliny sírovej a/alebo vinylfosfónovej, 3) 0 áž 30 % hmotn. najmenej jednej vo vode rozpustnej, monoetylénicky nenasýtenej zlúčeniny, ktorá je modifikovaná 2 až 50 mol alkylénoxidu na mol, 4) 0 až 45 % hmotn. najmenej jedného ďalšieho vo vode rozpustného, radikálne polymerizovateľného monoméru, 5) 0 až 30 % hmotn. iných, vo vode málo rozpustných, resp. nerozpustných, radikálne polymerizovateľných monomérov, ktoré v súčte z 1) až 5) dávajú 100 %, pričom namiesto kyselín sa môžu použiť aj ich solí s jednomocnými katiónmi v prítomnosti mono-, di a(a) grafted copolymers of monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides, their reaction products and derivatives thereof and monomer mixtures obtainable by radical copolymerization by seeding the monomer mixture of (1) 45 to 96 wt. monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 .i 0 monocarboxylic acid, 2) 4-55% by weight. % of at least one monomer comprising monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid groups, monoethylenically unsaturated sulfuric acid and / or vinylphosphonic acid ester; % of at least one water-soluble, monoethylenically unsaturated compound which is modified with 2 to 50 moles of alkylene oxide per mole; % of at least one other water-soluble, radically polymerizable monomer; other water-insoluble, resp. insoluble, radically polymerizable monomers which, in the sum of (1) to (5), give 100%, and their monovalent cation salts in the presence of mono-, di and
-Ί oligosacharidov, ich reakčných produktov a derivátov alebo ich.zmesi, pričom obsah týchto sacharidových zložiek v celej zmesi je 5 až 60 % hmotn.,- oligosaccharides, their reaction products and derivatives or mixtures thereof, the content of these carbohydrate components in the whole mixture being 5 to 60% by weight,
b) polymérov z 1) 10 až 70 % hmotn. monoetylénicky nenasýtených C4-8dikarboxylových kyselín, 2) 20 až 85 % hmotn. monoetylénicky nenasýtených C3.10i monokarboxylových kyselín, 3) 1 až 50 % hmotn. mononenasýtených monomérov, ktoré sa po hydrolýze alebo zmydelnení môžu premeniť na monomérne jednotky s jednou alebo viacerými hydroxylovými skupinami, kovalentne viazanými na C-C reťazec, a 4) 0 až 10 % hmotn. ďalších, radikálne kopolymerizovateľných monomérov, pričom súčet z 1) až 4) dáva 100 % hmotn. a pričom sa namiesto kyselín môžu použiť aj ich soli s jednomocnými katiónmi,b) polymers of 1) 10 to 70 wt. monoethylenically unsaturated C 4 -8dikarboxylových acids, 2) 20 to 85% by weight. % monoethylenically unsaturated C 3-10 monocarboxylic acids, 3) 1 to 50 wt. % of monounsaturated monomers which, after hydrolysis or saponification, can be converted into monomer units with one or more hydroxyl groups covalently bonded to the CC chain, and 4) 0 to 10 wt. % of other radically copolymerizable monomers, wherein the sum of 1) to 4) gives 100 wt. and where their monovalent cation salts can also be used instead of acids,
c) prirodzene sa vyskytujúcich polymérov a ich derivátov, vybraných z polysacharidov, polyglykozidov, polyglukozidov, oxidovanej celulózy, oxidovaného škrobu, oxidovaného dextrínu, proteínov,(c) naturally occurring polymers and their derivatives, selected from polysaccharides, polyglycosides, polyglucosides, oxidized cellulose, oxidized starch, oxidized dextrin, proteins,
d) organických polymérov, ktoré prinajmenšom z 80 % mol. pozostávajú z kyseliny asparágovej.d) organic polymers having at least 80 mol. consist of aspartic acid.
Očkované kopolymerizáty skupiny a) šú bližšie opísané vo WO 94/01476, r : \. · ’ ktorý sa sem výslovne zahrnuje ako odkaz. Podľa tohto odkazu sa s výhodou použijú: ako monoméry 1) kyselina akrylová a/alebo kyselina metakrylová, ich alkalické, amónne a/alebo amínové soli, ako monoméry skupiny 2) kyselina alylsulfónová, kyselina metalylsulfónová, kyselina akrylamidometylpropánsulfónová, kyselina vinylsulfónová, sulfátoetyl(met)akrylát, kyselina vinylfosfónová a/alebo soli týchto kyselín s jednomocnými katiónmi, ako zložky 3) alylalkohol alebo estery nenasýtených karboxylových kyselín, ako kyselina akrylová alebo metakrylová, ktorých alkoholová zložka je modifikovaná alkylénoxidom, ako zložka 4) molekulovú hmotnosť zvyšujúce monoméry, ako aj tieto s viacnásobne monoetylénicky nenasýtenými dvojitými väzbami alebo s etylénicky nenasýtenou dvojitou väzbou a jednou ďalšou funkčnou, sieťujúco pôsobiacou skupinou. Uskutočnenie tejto polymerizácie je podrobnejšie opísané v uvedenej literatúre WO 94/01476.The graft copolymers of group a) are further described in WO 94/01476, r \. Which is expressly incorporated herein by reference. According to this reference, the following are preferably used: as monomers 1) acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid, their alkali, ammonium and / or amine salts, as monomers of group 2) allylsulfonic acid, metalylsulfonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, sulfatoethyl (meth) ) acrylate, vinylphosphonic acid and / or salts of these acids with monovalent cations, as component 3) allyl alcohol or esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic or methacrylic acid, the alcohol component of which is modified with alkylene oxide, as component 4) these with multiple monoethylenically unsaturated double bonds or with ethylenically unsaturated double bonds and one other functional, cross-linking group. An embodiment of this polymerization is described in more detail in the aforementioned WO 94/01476.
V zmysle tohto vynálezu ďalej použiteľné polyméry skupiny b) sú podrobnejšie opísané v DE-A-43 00 772, ktorého obsah je sem výslovne zahrnutý odkazom. Zložky týchto polymérov sa s výhodou vyberú z 1) kyseliny maleínovej, kyseliny itakónovej a kyseliny fumarovej, resp. ich solí, 2) kyseliny akrylovej aleboFurther useful polymers of group b) according to the invention are described in more detail in DE-A-43 00 772, the contents of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference. The components of these polymers are preferably selected from 1) maleic acid, itaconic acid and fumaric acid, respectively. salts thereof; 2) acrylic acid; or
-8metakrylovej, resp. ich solí, a 3) vinylacetátu, vinylpropianátu a/alebo metylvinyléteru.-8 methacrylic, respectively. salts thereof, and 3) vinyl acetate, vinyl propianate and / or methyl vinyl ether.
Výhodne sa ako organické polyméry môžu použiť čisté kyseliny polyasparágové alebo kopolyméry, obsahujúce kyselinu asparágovú, aké sú uvedené napríklad v literatúre, uvedenej v úvode. Pri tom je výhodné, keď organické polyméry pozostávajú z najmenej 95 % mol., s výhodou z najmenej 98 % mol. a najmä zo 100 % mol. kyseliny asparágovej. Stredná molová hmotnosť, ktorá sa dá určiť napríklad podľa v úvode citovaného WO 94/19409 gélovou chromatografiou, je s výhodou v oblasti od asi 1000 do asi 5000. Pritom je kyselina polyasparágová, resp. podiel kyseliny polyasparágovej v organickom polymére s výhodou z najmenej 50 % a najmä z najmenej 70 % v takzvanej beta-forme. Rozdiel medzi alfa- a betaväzbou je v US-A-5 057 597, citovanom v úvode, znázornený pomocou vzorcov. Rozlíšenie spočíva v tom, či sa chemická väzba k susednému monoméru uskutoční v alfa- alebo beta-polohe k polykondenzáciou vytvoreným amidovým funkčným skupinám.Advantageously, pure polyaspartic acids or aspartic acid-containing copolymers such as those mentioned in the literature mentioned in the introduction may be used as organic polymers. Here, it is preferred that the organic polymers consist of at least 95 mol%, preferably at least 98 mol%. and in particular 100 mol. aspartic acid. The average molecular weight, which can be determined, for example, by the gel cited WO 94/19409, cited in the introduction, is preferably in the range of about 1000 to about 5000. the proportion of polyaspartic acid in the organic polymer is preferably at least 50% and in particular at least 70% in the so-called beta-form. The difference between alpha and beta binding is shown in the US-A-5,057,597, cited in the introduction, by means of formulas. The distinction lies in whether the chemical bond to the adjacent monomer takes place at the alpha or beta position to the polycondensation formed by the amide functional groups.
Koncentrácia organických pôlymérov vo vodnej fáze vodných chladiacich ' , < . », · . · systémov sa s výhodou nastaví tak, aby bola v rozsahu od asi 1 do asi 50 mg/l a najmä v oblasti medzi asi 5 a asi 20 mg/l. Pritom môže optimálna východisková koncentrácia závisieť od stupňa čistoty použitej chladiacej vody. Odborník preto východiskové množstvo experimentálne prispôsobí príslušnej kvalite vody.Concentration of organic polymers in the aqueous phase of water cooling. », ·. The systems are preferably adjusted to be in the range of about 1 to about 50 mg / l, and particularly in the range between about 5 and about 20 mg / l. The optimum starting concentration can depend on the degree of purity of the cooling water used. The skilled person will therefore adapt the starting amount experimentally to the respective water quality.
Bežne a v zmysle tohto vynálezu sa uprednostňuje, aby vodná fáza vodných chladiacich systémov obsahovala naviac ďalšie zložky, ktoré môžu pôsobiť inhibične na koróziu a tvorbu vodného kameňa alebo dispergačne. Napríklad uveďme: 1 až 10 mg/l zinočnatých iónov, 1 až 200 mg/l monomérnych alebo oligomérnych molybdénahových iónov, organické fosforečnany v takej koncentrácii, aby obsah fosforu, počítaný ako fosforečnan, bol v rozsahu 1 až 20 mg/l fosforečnanu, monomérne, oligomérne alebo polymérne anorganické fosforečnany v takej koncentrácii, aby obsah fosforu, počítaný ako fosforečnan, bol v rozsahu 1 až 20 mg/l fosforečnanu, ako aj inhibítory farebných kovov, ako napríklad triazoly. Ako ďalšie ochranné zložky proti korózii môže vodná fáza obsahovať známe účinné látky, ako napríklad alkanolamíny, najmä trietanolamín, boritany, siričitany, sorbitol, kyselinu askorbovú, hydrochinón, hydroxylamíny, ako najmä N,N-dietylhydroxyl-9amín, dusitany, dusičnany a kremičitany. Ako ďalšie prísady s inhibičným účinkom proti korózii a/alebo dispergačným účinkom sa môžu použiť: fosfátové estery, estery kyseliny polyfosforečnej, aminofosforečnany, kyseliny aminometylénfosforečné, Nobsahujúce fosforečnany, najmä kyseliny aminoalkylénfosfónové, kyseliny fosfónkarboxylové, amid kyseliny jantárovej, glukonáty, kyseliny polyoxykarboxylové a ich kopolyméry, tanínové deriváty, lignínsulfonáty, sulfónované kondenzačné produkty naftalénu s formaldehydom, polyakryláty, polymetakrylátpolyakrylamidy, kopolyméry kyseliny akrylovej, resp. kyseliny metakrylovej a akrylamidu, homo- a kopolyméry kyseliny akrylovej, obsahujúce kyselinu fosfínovú, a akrylamidu, oligomérne zlúčeniny kyseliny fosfinojantárovej, sulfometylované alebo sulfoetylované polyakrylamidy a kopolyméry, resp. terpolyméry s kyselinou akrylovou a estery kyseliny maleínovej, N-butylakrylamid a jeho kopolyméry, kyselina akrylamidopropiónsulfónová a jej kopolyméry, polyméry a kopolyméry anhydridu kyseliny maleínovej, fosfínalkylované akrylamidové polyméry a kopolyméry s kyselinou akrylovou, kyselina citrónová, éterkarboxyláty alebo oxidované uhľohydráty.Conventionally and within the meaning of the present invention, it is preferred that the aqueous phase of aqueous cooling systems additionally contain other components which may act to inhibit corrosion and scale formation or to disperse. For example, 1 to 10 mg / l zinc ions, 1 to 200 mg / l monomeric or oligomeric molybdenum ions, organic phosphates at a concentration such that the phosphorus content, calculated as phosphate, is in the range of 1 to 20 mg / l phosphate, monomeric , oligomeric or polymeric inorganic phosphates in a concentration such that the phosphorus content, calculated as phosphate, is in the range of 1 to 20 mg / l phosphate, as well as non-ferrous metal inhibitors such as triazoles. As further corrosion protective agents, the aqueous phase may contain known active substances, such as alkanolamines, in particular triethanolamine, borates, sulfites, sorbitol, ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, hydroxylamines, in particular N, N-diethylhydroxyl-9amine, nitrites, nitrates and silicates. Other additives with corrosion and / or dispersant activity may include: phosphate esters, polyphosphoric esters, aminophosphates, aminomethylenephosphoric acids, phosphate-free, in particular aminoalkylenephosphonic acids, phosphonecarboxylic acids, gluconate amide, polyoxyphosphoric acid, succinic acid amide, polyoxyphosphoric acid , tannin derivatives, lignosulfonates, sulfonated condensation products of naphthalene with formaldehyde, polyacrylates, polymethacrylate polyacrylamides, copolymers of acrylic acid, resp. methacrylic acid and acrylamide, homo- and copolymers of acrylic acid containing phosphinic acid and acrylamide, oligomeric phosphinosuccinic acid compounds, sulfomethylated or sulfoethylated polyacrylamides and copolymers, respectively. acrylic acid terpolymers and maleic acid esters, N-butyl acrylamide and copolymers thereof, acrylamidopropionic sulfonic acid and its copolymers, maleic anhydride polymers and copolymers, phosphinalkyl acrylamide polymers and copolymers with acrylic acid or citric acid, ether, citric acid, ether.
Aby sa dosiahla optimálna ochrana proti korózii, vo vodnej fáze vodných chladiacich systémov sa s výhodou nastaví pH hodnota v oblasti od asi 7 do asi 9. Dávkovanie biocídne účinkujúcich oxidačných prostriedkov do chladiaceho systému sa môže uskutočňovať spojito alebo s výhodou nespojito vo forme nárazovej úpravy.In order to achieve optimum corrosion protection, in the aqueous phase of the aqueous cooling systems, the pH is preferably adjusted in the range of about 7 to about 9. The dosing of the biocidal oxidizing agents into the cooling system can be carried out continuously or preferably discontinuously in the form of impact treatment.
Ako sme uviedli v úvode, pri vodných chladiacich systémoch môže ísť o prietokové systémy alebo o otvorené alebo uzatvorené okruhové systémy. Vynález je zvlášť koncipovaný na použitie v otvorených okruhových systémoch, pretože je najmä vhodný na pôsobenie proti problémom tvorby vodného kameňa, tvorby usadenín a/alébo biologického znečistenia, ktoré v takýchto systémoch nastávajú.As mentioned in the introduction, water cooling systems may be flow systems or open or closed circuit systems. The invention is particularly designed for use in open loop systems since it is particularly suitable for countering the problems of scale formation, deposit formation and / or biofouling that occur in such systems.
Príklady uskutočnenia vynálezuDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Na preskúmanie stálosti kyseliny polyasparágovej v prítomnosti rôznych oxidačných prostriedkov, o ktorých je známe, že pôsobia biocídne, sa preskúmal inhibičný účinok kyseliny polyasparágovej na tvorbu vodného kameňa v prítomnosti oxidačného prostriedku ako funkcia času. Ako kyselina polyasparágová sa zvolilTo investigate the stability of polyaspartic acid in the presence of various oxidizing agents known to act biocidal, the inhibitory effect of polyaspartic acid on scale formation in the presence of the oxidizing agent was investigated as a function of time. It was chosen as polyaspartic acid
-10výrobok Donlar GS 12-30 firmy Donlar Corporation, 6502 S. Archer Ave., Bedford Park, IL 60501-9998, USA. Tento polymér má molovú hmotnosť, určenú gólovou chromatografiou, asi 3000 a vykazuje pomer alfa- k beta-väzbám asi 30 : 70. Tento polymér sa použil s dávkovaním 10 mg/l do vody, ktorej pH hodnota sa zriedeným sodným lúhom alebo zriedenou kyselinou sírovou nastavila na pH 8,5. K tomu sa pridalo vždy 0,4 mg/l oxidačného prostriedku, pričom v oddelených pokusoch sa ako oxidačný prostriedok vždy použili: a) chlórnan sodný, b) oxid chloričitý, c) peroxid vodíka, d) zmes chlórnanu sodného a brómnanu sodného v hmotnostnom pomere 1:1.Donlar GS 12-30 manufactured by Donlar Corporation, 6502 S. Archer Ave., Bedford Park, IL 60501-9998, USA. This polymer has a molecular weight, as determined by goal chromatography, of about 3000 and has an alpha to beta bond ratio of about 30:70. This polymer was used at a dosage of 10 mg / l into water whose pH was diluted with sodium hydroxide or dilute sulfuric acid. adjusted to pH 8.5. To this was added 0.4 mg / l of oxidizing agent each time, in separate experiments: a) sodium hypochlorite, b) chlorine dioxide, c) hydrogen peroxide, d) a mixture of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bromate by weight 1: 1 ratio.
Hneď po pridaní oxidačného prostriedku a potom vždy po polhodine až do celkovej testovacej doby 4 hodín sa preskúmal inhibičný účinok zmesi kyselina polyasparágová/oxidačný prostriedok na tvorbu vodného kameňa. Preskúmanie účinnosti sa uskutočnilo nasledujúcim spôsobom: Pripravila sa testovacia voda, ktorá obsahovala 5,4 mmol/l vápenatých iónov a 1,8 mmol/l horečnatých iónov. K testovacej vode sa najprv pridala zmes kyselina polyasparágová/oxidačný prostriedok a potom 20 mmol/l hydrogénuhličitanu sodného'. Testovácí roztok sa i · · . ' .Immediately after the addition of the oxidizing agent and thereafter every half hour up to a total test time of 4 hours, the inhibitory effect of the polyaspartic acid / oxidizing agent mixture on scale formation was examined. The efficacy examination was carried out as follows: Test water was prepared containing 5.4 mmol / l calcium ions and 1.8 mmol / l magnesium ions. To the test water was first added the polyaspartic acid / oxidizing agent mixture and then 20 mmol / l sodium bicarbonate. The test solution is used. '.
perístaltickým čerpadlom čerpal rýchlosťou 0,5 l/h cez špirálu skleného chladiča, vo vonkajšom priestore ktorého cirkulovala voda s teplotou 80 °C. Po skúšobnej dobe 2 hodín sa sklený chladič vyprázdnil a vzniknuté usadeniny sa oddelili kyselinou soľnou. V tomto roztoku kyseliny soľnej sa titračne stanovil obsah iónov látok, spôsobujúcich tvrdosť vody. Inhibičný účinok skúšobnej zmesi na tvorbu vodného kameňa je tým lepší, čím menej iónov látok, spôsobujúcich tvrdosť vody, roztok kyseliny soľnej obsahuje. Za okamih skúšky sa považoval vždy začiatok 2-hodinovej skúšky.peristaltic pump pumped at a rate of 0.5 l / h through a coil of glass cooler in the outside of which circulated water at a temperature of 80 ° C. After a test time of 2 hours, the glass condenser was emptied and the resulting deposits were separated with hydrochloric acid. In this hydrochloric acid solution, the ion hardness of the water hardening agents was determined by titration. The inhibitory effect of the test composition on scale formation is the better the fewer ions of the water hardening agents the hydrochloric acid solution contains. The start of the 2-hour test was always considered to be the time of the test.
Tieto pokusy ukázali, že pri použití chlórnanu sodného, oxidu chloričitého alebo peroxidu vodíka v skúšobnej dobe 4 hodín sa nedal zistiť žiadny merateľný pokles inhibičného účinku na tvorbu vodného kameňa. Pri použití zmesi d) sa po 4 hodinách zachovalo ešte asi 95 % východiskovej účinnosti.These experiments showed that using a sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide for a test period of 4 hours, no measurable decrease in the limescale inhibitory effect was observed. When mixture d) was used, about 95% of the initial activity was maintained after 4 hours.
Podobným spôsobom sa skúmala stabilita voči chlóru ďalších dvoch biologicky odbúrateľných polymérov: aniónovo modifikovaného očkovaného kopolyméru (výrobok W 70280 podľa DE-A-42 21 381, dodávateľ: firma Stockhausen, Nemecko) a terpolyméru kyselina akrylová-kyselina maleinová-11 vinylalkohol (výrobok W 71409 podľa DE-A-43 00 772, dodávateľ: firma Stockhausen, Nemecko). Prvý polymér sa rozpustil vo vode v koncentrácii 5 ppm, druhý v koncentrácii 15 ppm a pH hodnota sa nastavila na 8,5. Roztoky sa rozdelili. Vždy k jednému čiastočnému roztoku sa pridalo 0,4 mg/l chlóru. Po 4 hodinách sa skúmal inhibičný účinok týchto roztokov na tvorbu vodného kameňa pomocou predtým opísanej testovacej metódy. Pritom sa nezistil žiadny rozdiel v inhibičnom účinku na tvorbu vodného kameňa medzi vždy chlórovaným a nechlórovaným roztokom. Polyméry sú teda voči chlóru stabilné.Similarly, the chlorine stability of the other two biodegradable polymers was investigated: anionically modified graft copolymer (product W 70280 according to DE-A-42 21 381, supplier: Stockhausen, Germany) and an acrylic acid-maleic acid-11 vinyl alcohol terpolymer (product W 71409 according to DE-A-43 00 772, supplier: Stockhausen, Germany). The first polymer was dissolved in water at 5 ppm, the second at 15 ppm and the pH was adjusted to 8.5. The solutions were separated. 0.4 mg / l chlorine was added to each partial solution. After 4 hours, the inhibitory effect of these solutions on limescale formation was examined using the previously described test method. There was no difference in the limescale-inhibiting effect between the chlorinated and non-chlorinated solutions. The polymers are therefore stable to chlorine.
Správanie, čo sa týka odbúravania kyseliny polyasparágovej, bez a s dávkovaním oxidačného prostriedku (chlórnan sodný) sa sledovalo jeden mesiac na chladiacej veži. Pritom sa pridalo denne medzi 20 a 50 mg/l kyseliny polyasparágovej a vždy pred ďalším pridaním sa určil skutočný obsah kyseliny polyasparágovej v chladiacom okruhu. Analytické stanovenie sa pritom uskutočnilo tak, že kyselina polyasparágová sa vyzrážala z roztoku, pufrovaného citrátom sodným, katiónovým tenzidom (Hyamin 1622, Rohm & Haas). Tým vzniklo zäkalenie, ktoré sa stanovilo fotometrický a porovnalo sa s kalibračnou krivkou. .The behavior with regard to the degradation of polyaspartic acid, with and without dosing of the oxidizing agent (sodium hypochlorite), was monitored for one month in a cooling tower. Between 20 and 50 mg / l of polyaspartic acid were added daily and the actual polyaspartic acid content of the refrigerant circuit was determined before each addition. The analytical determination was carried out by precipitation of polyaspartic acid from a sodium citrate buffered solution with a cationic surfactant (Hyamin 1622, Rohm & Haas). This resulted in turbidity, which was determined photometrically and compared to a calibration curve. .
Počas prvých dvoch týždňov pokusu skutočne zistené množstvá kyseliny polyasparágovej napriek dodatočnému dávkovaniu spojito klesali a boli v rozsahu medzi asi 11 a asi 2 mg/l. Po 2 týždňoch sa popri pokračovaní denného dodatočného dávkovania 30 až 40 mg/l kyseliny polyasparágovej pridávalo naviac 0,2 mg/l chlóru vo forme chlórnanu sodného. Nato stúpol obsah stanoviteľnej kyseliny polyasparágovej v chladiacom okruhu v priebehu 2 dní na asi 20 mg/l a zostal na tejto hodnote počas zvyšnej doby pokusu. Odbúravanie kyseliny polyasparágovej v chladiacom okruhu sa teda dodatočným dávkovaním chlórnanu sodného významne zníži. ‘ ·Indeed, during the first two weeks of the experiment, the amounts of polyaspartic acid found, despite additional dosing, decreased continuously and ranged between about 11 and about 2 mg / L. After 2 weeks, an additional 0.2 mg / l of chlorine in the form of sodium hypochlorite was added in addition to continuing the daily additional dosing of 30 to 40 mg / l polyaspartic acid. Thereafter, the detectable polyaspartic acid content in the refrigeration circuit increased to about 20 mg / l over 2 days and remained at this value for the remainder of the experiment. Thus, the degradation of polyaspartic acid in the refrigeration circuit is significantly reduced by additional dosing of sodium hypochlorite. ‘·
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DE19614565A DE19614565A1 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1996-04-12 | Use of aspartic acid-containing polymers in cooling circuits mixed with biocides |
PCT/EP1997/001690 WO1997039078A1 (en) | 1996-04-12 | 1997-04-04 | Use of aspartic acid-containing polymers in cooling circuits with added biocides |
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AT (1) | ATE202593T1 (en) |
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DE (2) | DE19614565A1 (en) |
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DE19721346A1 (en) * | 1997-05-22 | 1998-11-26 | Henkel Kgaa | Use of aspartic acid-containing polymers together with hydroxycarboxylic acids to inhibit corrosion in cooling circuits |
DE19834226C1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2000-02-10 | Excor Korrosionsforschung Gmbh | Vapor phase corrosion inhibitors, processes for their production and their use |
DE19837068A1 (en) * | 1998-08-17 | 2000-02-24 | Bayer Ag | Water treatment composition, especially for use in cooling circuits, comprises polyaspartic acid, biocidal oxidizing agent and sulfamic acid stabilizer |
DE10228628A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-22 | Stockhausen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Copolymers to avoid deposits in water-bearing systems, their production and use |
BRPI0619784A2 (en) | 2005-12-02 | 2013-01-15 | Basf Se | use of a chemical composition |
WO2016022814A1 (en) | 2014-08-08 | 2016-02-11 | Nch Corporation | Composition and method for treating white rust |
US11104587B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2021-08-31 | Nch Corporation | System and method for automated control, feed, delivery verification, and inventory management of corrosion and scale treatment products for water systems |
US10351453B2 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2019-07-16 | Nch Corporation | Composition and method for inhibiting corrosion |
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DE4221875A1 (en) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-05 | Basf Ag | Modified polyaspartic acids, process for their preparation and their use |
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EP0892838A1 (en) | 1999-01-27 |
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