SK139395A3 - Extinguishing system - Google Patents

Extinguishing system Download PDF

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Publication number
SK139395A3
SK139395A3 SK1393-95A SK139395A SK139395A3 SK 139395 A3 SK139395 A3 SK 139395A3 SK 139395 A SK139395 A SK 139395A SK 139395 A3 SK139395 A3 SK 139395A3
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Slovakia
Prior art keywords
extinguishing system
fire extinguishing
diaphragm
designed
membrane
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Application number
SK1393-95A
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Slovak (sk)
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SK284005B6 (en
Inventor
Hans Bonk
Ulf Schremmer
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Total Feuerschutz Gmbh
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Publication of SK139395A3 publication Critical patent/SK139395A3/en
Publication of SK284005B6 publication Critical patent/SK284005B6/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00—Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/02—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance
    • A62C35/023—Permanently-installed equipment with containers for delivering the extinguishing substance the extinguishing material being expelled by compressed gas, taken from storage tanks, or by generating a pressure gas

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Abstract

The extinguisher container (1), with top (10) and bottom (11) part, has a compartment (2) for a pressureless fluid, and a pressure tank (4) for a conveyor medium, separated by an elastic membrane (3). The bottom rim of the top part has an inward-pointing increased thickness part (12) possessing an outer cavity (13) for taking the top rim of the bottom part, and a turned groove (14) for taking the increased thickness part (15) at the edge of the membrane. The fluid compartment has a pipe (6) connected with the extinguisher container and possessing a block (5). The pressure tank is filled with a pressure medium through a filler pipe (7) with a filler element (8), or a pressureless conveyor medium is exposed to a compressed gas. A mist projector or atomisation nozzle is attached directly or indirectly to the pipe or block.

Description

Doteraz boli pretekárske automobily úspešne vybavované halónovým hasiacim zariadením. Tieto zariadenia chránia motorový priestor, čiastočne oblasť nádrže, ale aj kabínu. Používanie halónu ako hasiaceho prostriedku je teraz zakázané. Medzitým existuje už iba obmedzené povolenie na výnimočné používanie aj pre automobilový šport.Until now, racing cars have been successfully equipped with halon fire extinguishers. These devices protect the engine compartment, partly the tank area, but also the cab. The use of halon as an extinguishing agent is now prohibited. In the meantime, there is only limited authorization for exceptional use for motor sports.

že a vodnej hmly. používať kvôli výbere hasiaceho prístroja pretože normálne hasiacethat and water mist. use because of the choice of fire extinguisher because of the normal fire extinguisher

Z požiarnych skúšok v skúšobnom hasiacom centre vyplynulo, požiare v motorovom priestore sa dajú hasiť pomocou C02 V priestore kabíny sa hasenie pomocou CO2 nemôže dusiacemu účinku. Pri si treba všimnúť spôsob činnosti, prístroje správne fungujú iba v určitej polohe. Pri vertikálnej polohe sú povolené iba nepatrné odchýlky od osi Y. Hasiaci prostriedok sa vytláča ponorenou rúrkou, alebo je v dolnej časti prístroja umiestnený ventil. Tlakový (hnací) plyn vytláča hasiaci prostriedok von. Pri šikmej polohe tlakový plyn preráža von. Tlak hnacieho plynu klesá, hasiaci prostriedok zostáva v zásobnej nádrži. Pri horizontálnej polohe (os X) závislosť od polohy zlepšujú flexibilné ponorné rúrky, ale práve pri podlhovastých redukovanie účinného hasiaceho nastáva sústavný kolísavý pohyb flexibilnej ponornej rúrky. Pri pretekárskych vozoch je potrebné, aby boli v prípade nehody možné všetky polohy nádrže hasiaceho prostriedku. Hasiace zariadenie by mali byt účinné dokonca aj nádržiach vzniká výrazné prostriedku. Okrem toho vtedy, keď je vozidlo napr. prevrátené na streche, a to prinajmenej dovtedy, kým vodič neopusti v priebehu 10 sekúnd vozidlo.Fire tests in the fire extinguishing center have shown that fires in the engine compartment can be extinguished with CO 2 In the cabin area, CO 2 extinguishing cannot be suffocating. Note the mode of operation, the devices only function properly in a certain position. In the vertical position, only slight deviations from the Y axis are permitted. The extinguishing agent is forced out by the submerged pipe or a valve is located at the bottom of the device. Pressurized gas propels the extinguishing agent out. In an inclined position, the pressurized gas breaks out. The propellant gas pressure drops, the extinguishing agent remains in the storage tank. In the horizontal position (X-axis), the position-dependence is improved by the flexible plumbing tubes, but in the case of the elongated reduction of the effective extinguishing agent there is a continuous fluctuating movement of the plunger tube. For racing cars, all positions of the extinguisher tank must be possible in the event of an accident. Fire extinguishers should be effective even by reservoirs generating significant means. In addition, when the vehicle is e.g. overturned on the roof, at least until the driver leaves the vehicle within 10 seconds.

Podstata vynálezuSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Vynález spočíva na úlohe vytvoriť taký hasiaci systém, ktorý by v porovnaní sp známymi nádobami na hasiace prostriedky najjednoduchšími prostriedkami umožňoval aplikáciu hasiaceho prostriedku bez ohľadu na polohu nádrže. Táto úloha sa rieši nádržou na hasiaci prostriedok s priestorom pre beztlakové fluidum a s tlakovým rezervoárom pre hnacie médium, pričom priestor pre fluidum a tlakový rezervoár sú od seba oddelené elastickou membránou, a priestor pre fluidum je cez hrdlo spojený s nádržkou na hasiaci prostriedok opatrený uzavieracím elementom, aby bolo možné tlakový rezervoár cez plniace hrdlo naplniť tlakovým médiom alebo beztlakové hnacie médium aktivovať tlakovým plynom a na hrdlo, resp. na uzavierací element je je priamo alebo prostredníctvom rozdeľovača pripojená rozdeľovacia dýza.The object of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing system which, in comparison with the known extinguishing agent containers, makes it possible to apply the extinguishing agent irrespective of the position of the tank. This problem is solved by an extinguishing tank with a pressureless fluid space and a pressure reservoir for the propellant, the fluid space and the pressure reservoir being separated from each other by an elastic membrane, and the fluid space is connected to the extinguishing tank with a closing element so that the pressure reservoir can be filled with the pressurized medium via the filler neck, or the pressureless propellant can be activated with pressurized gas and onto the orifice (s). a distribution nozzle is connected directly or via a distributor to the closing element.

Membrána kopíruje zmenu objemu vankúša tlakového plynu - a to v každej polohe a pri obvyklých zrýchleniach - a zabraňuje pri tlakových fľašiach neželanému efektu dofukovania. Pri vychádzaní hnacieho plynu bez hasiaceho prostriedku tu nastáva injektorové pôsobenie na hasiacu dýzu. To môže viesť k rozdúchaniu už takmer zahaseného ohňa. Ďalšie výhody vynálezu spočívajú v tom, že tlakové médium a hasiaci prostriedok sú od seba oddelené. Predovšetkým vtedy, ak sa ako hasiaci prostriedok použije voda, ku ktorej sa pridáva reagenčný prostriedok, aby sa dosiahol zvýšený hasiaci účinok.The diaphragm follows the change in the volume of the pressure gas cushion - in every position and at the usual accelerations - and prevents the unwanted blowing effect of the cylinders. When the propellant gas is released without the extinguishing agent, there is an injector action on the extinguishing nozzle. This can lead to an almost extinguished fire. Further advantages of the invention are that the pressure medium and the extinguishing agent are separated from each other. Especially when water is used as an extinguishing agent to which a reagent is added to achieve an enhanced extinguishing effect.

Do úvahy prichádza aj použitie pyrotechnických generátorov tlakového plynu, ktoré vytvoria tlak hnacieho plynu až vtedy, keď sa má hasiaci prístroj aktivovať. Generátor tlakového plynu obsahuje náplň s elektrickým zápalným elementom. Pri zapálení vznikne spálením plynná tlaková zmes, ktorá sa rozplynie v beztlakovom médiu v tlakovom rezervoári a tento dostane pod tlak. Ako beztlakové médium sa môže použiť nejaký inertný plyn, napr. dusík. Velkú prednosť vynálezu treba vidieť v tom, že produkt pyrolýzy generátora tlakového plynu sa nezmiešava s hasiacim fluidom, takže produkt pyrolýzy sa nedostane do kabíny vozidla a tým nebude mať negatívny účinok na jazdca.The use of pyrotechnic pressurized gas generators is also contemplated and will only produce the propellant gas pressure when the fire extinguisher is to be activated. The pressurized gas generator comprises a charge having an electrical ignition element. Upon ignition, a gaseous pressure mixture is formed by combustion, which is dissolved in a non-pressurized medium in a pressure reservoir and is brought under pressure. An inert gas, e.g. nitrogen. A great advantage of the invention is to be seen in the fact that the pyrolysis product of the pressurized gas generator is not mixed with the extinguishing fluid, so that the pyrolysis product does not enter the vehicle cabin and thus has no negative effect on the rider.

Myšlienke, že vo vozidlách ohrozených vysokým stupňom nehodovosti, najmä v pretekárskych automobiloch, sa prevážajú nádrže na tlakový plyn, bola blízka koncepcia bezpečného systému, pri ktorom je plyn v stave pohotovosti bez tlaku a v prípade havárie sa nádrž neroztrhne.The idea that compressed gas tanks are transported in vehicles at risk of a high accident rate, especially in racing cars, was close to the concept of a safe system in which the gas is in a standby state without pressure and the tank does not burst in the event of an accident.

Nádrže na hasiace prostriedky sú za normálnych okolností umiestnené tam, kde sa nachádza sedadlo spolujazdca. Ak sa používa ako hasiaci prostriedok voda, ktorá sa po aktivovaní hasiaceho systému vytláča rozdelovacími dýzami, potom je zaručená optimálna protipožiarna ochrana. Rozprašovanou vodou sa dá nielen uhasiť požiar v kabíne auta, ale aj dosiahnut vysoký stupeň bezpečnosti osôb, pretože dusiaci účinok inertného plynu nepôsobí.Extinguishing tanks are normally located where the passenger seat is located. If water is used as the extinguishing agent and is forced out by the nozzles after the extinguishing system has been activated, then optimal fire protection is guaranteed. Spray water can not only extinguish a fire in the cab of the car, but also achieve a high degree of personal safety, because the suffocating effect of inert gas does not work.

Hasiacim systémom podľa vynálezu sa po otvorení uzáveru pre beztlakové fluidum automaticky vyháňa hasiaci prostriedok z nádrže. Pritom je hnací prostriedok buď ako zásobné tlakové médium alebo sa beztlakové médium vytláča tlakovým prostriedkom.The fire extinguishing system according to the invention automatically expels the extinguishing agent from the tank after opening the pressureless fluid cap. In this case, the drive means is either a supply pressure medium or the non-pressurized medium is forced out by the pressure means.

Aby sa vytvorila maximálne veľká povrchová plocha membrány, membrána bola konštruovaná v tvare U s otvorom smerom k ventilu a otvorený okraj membrány je upevnený na vnútornú stranu nádrže hasiaceho prostriedku.In order to create a maximum large surface area of the membrane, the membrane has been constructed in a U-shape with an opening towards the valve and the open edge of the membrane is fixed to the inside of the extinguisher tank.

Z výrobno-technických dôvodov je nádrž hasiaceho prostriedku vyrobená z dvoch častí: hornej a spodnej, ktoré sú navzájom spojené. Membrána tvaru U sa môže napríklad pripevniť na spojovacom mieste hornej a dolnej časti.For manufacturing reasons, the extinguisher tank is made of two parts: the upper and the lower parts, which are connected to each other. For example, the U-shaped diaphragm can be attached at the connection point of the top and bottom.

Popis obrázkov na výkresochDescription of the drawings

Možné vyhotovenia vynálezu sú zobrazené na výkrese a v nasledujúcom texte budú popísané bližšie. Na jednotlivých výkresoch znázorňuje:Possible embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. The drawings show:

Obr. 1Fig. 1

Obr. 2Fig. 2

Obr. 3 a 4Fig. 3 and 4

Obr. 5 a 6Fig. 5 and 6

Prierez nádržou hasiaceho prostriedkuCross section of extinguisher tank

Ďalší spôsob upevnenia membrányAnother way of fastening the membrane

Použitie generátora tlakového plynuUse of a pressurized gas generator

Použitie rozdeíovacej vodnej dýzyUse of a water jet nozzle

Príklad uskutočnenia vynálezu sa môže použiť aj poistná hornej časti 10 má smeromAn exemplary embodiment of the invention may also be used to lock the upper portion 10 has a direction

Ako je zobrazené na obr. 1, nádrž 1. hasiaceho prostriedku pozostáva z hornej časti 10 a z dolnej časti 11. ktoré sú navzájom spojené. Vo vyhotovení na obr. 1 je zobrazený zvarový šev 15. Namiesto zvarového švu môže byt napríklad skrutkové spojenie, spojenie s lepením a podobne. Vo vrchnej oblasti hornej časti 10 sa nachádza hrdlo 6 s ventilom 5 ako uzavieracím elementom. Ako uzavierací element platnička 22 (obr. 5). Spodná časť dovnútra hrubší priemer - zhrubnutie 12 a vonkajšie vybranie 13 (zúženie). Zhrubnutie 12 smerujúce dovnútra má po obvode kruhovú drážku 14., do ktorej zapadne zhrubnutá časť 15 obvodu membrány 2· Takýmto spôsobom sa výstupkom 16 opatrená membrána 2 upevňuje vo vnútri nádrže 1 chladiaceho prostriedku a potom vytvorí horný priestor 2 pre beztlakové fluidum a dolný tlakový rezervoár 4 pre tlakové médium. Upevnenie membrány 2 sa môže urobiť aj pomocou žliabku 25 a upínacieho krúžku 26 (obr. 2). Pritom membrána je opatrená výstupkom 16. V oblasti dna dolnej časti 11 je umiestnené plniace hrdlo Ί_ s plniacim elementom 8 na plnenie tlakového média 4a. Namiesto tlakového média 4a sa môže použiť aj beztlakový inertný plyn. v tomto prípade sa pri aktivácii hasiaceho systému uvedie do činnosti generátor 19 tlakového plynu 19. ktorý je vedením 18 spojený s plniacim hrdlom 7. Pri aktivácii sa zapáli zápalné zariadenie 20 s ovládacím prvkom 21. Médium, ktoré sa nachádza generátore tlakového plynu, vyvinie spálením tlakový plyn, ktorý sa zmieša s beztlakovým inertným plynom 4b a tým pri zväčšení objemu prenesie tlak cez membránuAs shown in FIG. 1, the extinguishing agent tank 1 comprises an upper part 10 and a lower part 11 which are connected to each other. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, a weld seam 15 is shown. Instead of a weld seam, there may be, for example, a screw connection, a bonding connection, and the like. In the upper region of the upper part 10 there is a neck 6 with a valve 5 as a closing element. As closure element, the plate 22 (FIG. 5). Lower part inwards thicker diameter - roughing 12 and outer recess 13 (narrowing). The inwardly directed recess 12 has a circular groove 14 into which the recessed portion 15 of the periphery of the diaphragm 2 fits. In this way the protrusion 16 provided with the protrusion 16 is fixed inside the coolant tank 1 and then creates an upper space 2 for pressureless fluid and 4 for a pressurized medium. The fastening of the membrane 2 can also be performed by means of a groove 25 and a clamping ring 26 (FIG. 2). In this case, the diaphragm is provided with a projection 16. In the region of the bottom of the lower part 11 there is a filler neck 7 with a filler element 8 for filling the pressure medium 4a. A non-pressurized inert gas may also be used instead of the pressure medium 4a. in this case, when activating the fire extinguishing system, the pressurized gas generator 19, which is connected via a line 18 to the filler neck 7, is activated. Upon activation, the igniter 20 with the actuator 21 is ignited. Compressed gas, which is mixed with a non-pressurized inert gas 4b and thereby transmits pressure through the membrane as the volume increases

3. na hasiace fluidum v priestore fluida 2. Pri dosiahnutí určitého tlaku sa preruší poistná platnička 22, takže hasiaci roztok sa otvorom 17, vedením 23 a rozdelovacou dýzou 24 dostane k požiaru v pretekárskom automobile. Pri použití ventilu 5 sa tento otvorí ovládacím zariadením.3. on the extinguishing fluid in the fluid compartment 2. When a certain pressure is reached, the lock plate 22 is broken so that the extinguishing solution reaches the fire in the racing car through the opening 17, the conduit 23 and the distribution nozzle 24. When valve 5 is used, it is opened by the control device.

Podlá obr. 4 sa môže generátor tlakového plynu 19 umiestniť bezprostredne pod nádržou 1 hasiaceho prostriedku. Obr. 1 ukazuje membránu 3 aj bodkočiarkovanej druhej polohe, keď bolo hasiace fluidum vytlačené. Výstupok 16 na membráne zapadne do otvoru 17, a uzavrie ho.Referring to FIG. 4, the pressurized gas generator 19 may be located immediately below the extinguishing tank 1. Fig. 1 shows the membrane 3 also in dotted second position when the extinguishing fluid has been expelled. The protrusion 16 on the membrane fits into the opening 17, and closes it.

Claims (11)

1. Hasiaci systém, najmä pre mobilné zariadenia, vyznačujúci sa tým, že je tvorený nádržou (í) hasiaceho prostriedku, priestorom (2) pre beztlakové fluidum a tlakovým rezervoárom (4) pre pre výtlačné médium, pričom priestor (2) pre fluidum a tlakový rezervoár (4) sú oddelené elastickou membránou (3), priestor (2) pre fluidum je opatrený hrdlom (6) s uzatváracím prvkom (5,22), ktoré je spojené s nádržou (1) hasiaceho prostriedku, a pričom tlakový rezervoár (4) nad plniacim hrdlom (7) je plnitelný tlakovým médiom (4a), alebo beztlakovým hnacím médiom (4b) vytláčaným tlakovým plynom, a na hrdle (6) príp. na uzavieracom elemente (ventile) (5) je priamo alebo nepriamo ako rozdelovacie zariadenie umiestnená rozdelovacia dýza (24).An extinguishing system, in particular for mobile devices, characterized in that it consists of an extinguishing agent tank (s), a pressurized fluid space (2) and a pressure reservoir (4) for a discharge medium, wherein the fluid space (2) and the pressure reservoir (4) being separated by an elastic diaphragm (3), the fluid compartment (2) being provided with a throat (6) with a closure element (5,22) which is connected to the extinguishing tank (1), and wherein the pressure reservoir ( 4) above the filling orifice (7) can be filled with a pressurized medium (4a) or with a pressureless propellant (4b) extruded by a pressurized gas, and on the orifice (6) or on the nozzle (6); a distribution nozzle (24) is located directly or indirectly on the closing element (valve) (5). 2. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že plniace hrdlo (7) je opatrené plniacim prvkom (8).Fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler neck (7) is provided with a filler element (8). 3. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že plniace hrdlo (7) je vytvorené ako generátor (19) tlakového plynu s elektrickým zapaľovačom (20), ktorý je spojený s ovládacím prvkom (21).Fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler neck (7) is designed as a compressed gas generator (19) with an electric igniter (20) which is connected to the control element (21). 4. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že na plniace hrdlo (7) je nepriamo pripojený generátor tlakového plynu (19) so zápalným zariadením (20) a ovládacím prvkom (21).Extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure gas generator (19) with an ignition device (20) and an actuating element (21) is connected indirectly to the filler neck (7). 5. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že uzavierací element je konštruovaný ako ventil (5).Extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the closing element is designed as a valve (5). 6. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že uzavierací prvok je konštruovaný ako poistná platnička (22) vo vnútri hrdla (6).Fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the closure element is designed as a locking plate (22) within the neck (6). 7. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 1, vyznačujúci sa tým, že membrána (3) je konštruovaná v tvare U, je otvorená k hrdlu (6) a volný okraj (9) membrány (3) je upevnený na vnútornej strane nádrže hasiaceho prostriedku (1).Fire extinguishing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm (3) is constructed in a U-shape, is open to the neck (6) and the free edge (9) of the diaphragm (3) is fixed on the inside of the extinguishing agent tank (1). ). 8. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 7, vyznačujúci sa tým, že membrána (3) má v dolnej časti približne lichobežníkový výstupok (16), pričom membrána (3) je konštruovaná tak, že tento výstupok (16) po aktivácii uzavieracieho prvku zapadne do otvoru (17) hrdla (6).Fire extinguishing system according to claim 7, characterized in that the diaphragm (3) has an approximately trapezoidal protrusion (16) in its lower part, the diaphragm (3) being designed such that the protrusion (16) fits into the opening after activation of the closure element. (17) throat (6). 9. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 8, vyznačujúci sa tým, že nádrž (1) hasiaceho prostriedku pozostáva z hornej časti (10) a z dolnej časti (11), ktoré sú navzájom spojené.Extinguishing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the extinguishing agent tank (1) consists of an upper part (10) and a lower part (11) which are connected to each other. 10. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 9, vyznačujúci sa tým, že horná časť (10) má na dolnom konci zhrubnutie (12) smerujúce dovnútra, ktoré má z vonkajšej časti vybranie (13) na spojenie vrchnej časti s dolnou častou (11), a je opatrená kruhovou drážkou (14) na uloženie zhrubnutia (15) membrány (3).Fire extinguishing system according to claim 9, characterized in that the upper part (10) has an inwardly facing (12) at the lower end, having a recess (13) from the outer part for connecting the upper part to the lower part (11), and is provided with an annular groove (14) for receiving the thickening (15) of the membrane (3). 11. Hasiaci systém podlá nároku 8, vyznačujúci sa tým, že horná časť (10) sú s dolnou časťou navzájom zvarené a že horná časť (10) má smerom von drážku (25), do ktorej je vložený prispôsobený napínací krúžok (26), pričom horný okraj membrány (3) je vložený medzi drážku (25) a napínací krúžok (26).Fire extinguishing system according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper part (10) is welded to the lower part and that the upper part (10) has a groove (25) outwardly into which an adapted tensioning ring (26) is inserted. wherein the upper edge of the membrane (3) is sandwiched between the groove (25) and the tensioning ring (26). T*MM * T
SK1393-95A 1994-11-10 1995-11-07 Fire extinguishing system SK284005B6 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4440155A DE4440155C2 (en) 1994-11-10 1994-11-10 Extinguishing system

Publications (2)

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SK139395A3 true SK139395A3 (en) 1996-06-05
SK284005B6 SK284005B6 (en) 2004-07-07

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EP (1) EP0711578B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE193219T1 (en)
CZ (1) CZ288069B6 (en)
DE (1) DE4440155C2 (en)
HU (1) HU214560B (en)
PL (1) PL178030B1 (en)
SK (1) SK284005B6 (en)

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EP0711578A2 (en) 1996-05-15
PL311259A1 (en) 1996-05-13
ATE193219T1 (en) 2000-06-15
CZ291695A3 (en) 1996-05-15
EP0711578B1 (en) 2000-05-24
HU9503227D0 (en) 1996-01-29
PL178030B1 (en) 2000-02-29
HUT74135A (en) 1996-11-28
CZ288069B6 (en) 2001-04-11
SK284005B6 (en) 2004-07-07
HU214560B (en) 1998-04-28
EP0711578A3 (en) 1997-05-02
DE4440155A1 (en) 1996-05-15
DE4440155C2 (en) 1997-05-15

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