SK132396A3 - A building element and a method of mounting a building element - Google Patents

Abstract

A building element (210) for sealing a hole of a foil (96) of an underroof of a roof structure through which hole access is established from the surroundings into the interior space defined below the roof structure, comprises a rim part (216) defining a central aperture of a configuration and a perimeter substantially corresponding to the configuration and perimeter of the hole, and a collar part (218) integrally connected to and extending substantially perpendicularly from the rim part and circumferentially encircling the aperture. The rim part (216) and the collar part (218) are made from weather-proof materials and the rim part (216) is adapted to be arranged in substantially co-planar relationship relative to and in facial contact with the foil of the underroof so as to arrange the central aperture of the rim part (322) in registration with the hole of the foil of the underroof and so as to arrange the collar part (218) extending upwardly from the rim part (216). The building element (210) further comprises a collar element (214) to be fixated within the collar part (218) for sandwiching the foil (96) of the underroof between the collar part (218) and the collar element (214). The rim part (322), the collar part (324) and the collar element (314) are preferably integrally cast from weather-proof plastic materials, e.g. high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene or the like, or alternatively made from corrosion-resistant metal, such as aluminium, or combinations thereof. <IMAGE>

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a building element for sealing an opening in a foil of a substructure of a roof structure, by means of which the interior space bounded by the roof structure is accessible from the outside.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

On modern buildings, the roof is most often built from a supporting wooden structure made of rafters and fabrics to which tiles or roof tiles are attached. For hermetically sealing the interior space enclosed by the roof structure, i. under tiles or roof slabs, a so-called sub-layer or backing is used, which is made of a hermetically sealed and water-impermeable film, most often a plastic film. The tiles may be clay or concrete and may have a corrugated surface, the roof slabs may be slate, clay, concrete or metal, for example of steel, copper or aluminum sheets. Provided that the sublayer ensures a permanent hermetic seal, rain, snow or moisture cannot come into contact with the supporting wooden roof structure and damage it. Unfortunately, serious problems arise when holes need to be made in the sublayer, for example for chimneys, windows, ventilation ducts, piping, etc., because the hermetic sealing of the edge of the hole is difficult in most cases and places high demands on the skills of workers .

Certain technical solutions have been described with respect to window frames intended for use in roof constructions, which employ separate sealing plates which are placed above and below the opening in the sublayer, for example as disclosed in Danish patent application no. 1232/92. The known prior art solutions, including the technical solution proposed in said published Danish patent application, are not entirely satisfactory for various reasons, firstly because of the inability to achieve a reliable and long-lasting seal using the known methods, and secondly because these known methods are laborious and demanding and in many cases their use is exceptionally difficult. Various other ways of sealing chimney passages and the like. and sealing roofs are known and disclosed in DE 34 42 276, DE 30 32 037, DE 33 21 101, DE 39 22 624, F1 87,250 and US 3,098,663. The invention will be compared with these methods, and the US patent is incorporated herein by reference.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a novel method which makes it possible in a simple and reliable manner to seal an opening in the foil of a roof sublayer with a building element without the need for skilled labor.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a novel method for sealing an opening in a foil of a substructure of a roof structure that allows long-term sealing by means of a simple and uniform building element.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The aforementioned objects, together with numerous other objects, features and advantages which will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, are achieved according to the first part of the invention by a building element for sealing the aperture in the foil of the roofing substructure. outside. The building element includes:

a skirt that forms a central aperture of the configuration and perimeter substantially corresponding to the configuration and perimeter of the aperture, and a collar that is integral with the skirt that extends substantially perpendicularly along the perimeter of the central aperture, the skirt and cuff are made of weatherproof material the flange is adapted to be arranged in substantially the same plane and planar contact with the film of the sublayer so that the central opening coincides with the opening in the film of the sublayer and so that the cuff extends upward from the flange.

The building element according to the invention is a unitary structure which comprises only two parts - a rim and a collar, which are joined together in a central opening of the rim. The component according to the invention makes it possible to seal the opening in the film of the sublayer by simply placing the flange in the same plane and surface contact with the film of the sublayer and arranging the central opening so as to coincide with the opening in the film. When panels such as panels to which the window frame is attached pass through the aperture, the collar of the building element is easily seated relative to the roof panel panels and preferably, when the aperture is of a certain size, to the panels passing through the aperture in the sublayer. clamps, nails, screws, etc. Placing the skirt of the building element flush with the film of the sublayer may mean that the skirt lies either above or below the film of the sublayer, or alternatively the arrangement is a combination of both. If the roof structure is inclined, it is preferred that the portion of the film that is the highest is overlapping the rim, and conversely that the rim overlaps the portion of the film that is the lowest. This ensures that rain, snow or moisture slips due to gravity over the continuous surface formed by the sublayer foil and the rim of the building element. The protruding or protruding sleeve prevents snow or water from penetrating the central opening of the skirt, since the sleeve itself forms a protruding portion of the building element and is also preferably attached to the roof structure panels that extend through the opening in the sublayer.

The parts or parts of the building element are, as mentioned above, made of a weather-resistant material. Since the building element may consist of two parts, which during the manufacturing process are assembled into a uniform construction of the building element, the materials of which the parts are made may also differ. Thus, one part of the building element may be made of one material, for example plastic or metal, while the other part may be made of another material, for example another plastic or other metal. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the hem and the cuff are made of the same material as the weather-resistant plastic, for example linear polyethylene, normal polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and the like.

or a corrosion-resistant metal such as aluminum, or a combination of said materials.

According to alternative manufacturing methods, the building element may be made of weldable and castable materials. According to a first embodiment of the building element, the skirt and sleeve are cast from a castable material such as plastic. According to an alternative or second embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the rim and the collar are made of foils which are welded together. When the building element is made of foil, the materials of the foil are preferably flexible and further preferably collapsible, so as to make it possible to produce a building element whose circumference is up to several meters but which can nevertheless be folded into a small plastic bag that can be easily stored, transported and later Also bring the workers to the roof, where, after unfolding, the building element is attached to the roof structure.

Depending on the particular use of the building element, more specifically the particular arrangement of the opening and the parts to be fixed in the opening of the substructure of the roof structure, the central opening may have a rectangular, triangular, circular, elliptical or polygonal shape. Most often, however, the building element according to the invention is configured such that the central opening in the rim forms a rectangle. Similarly, depending on the particular use of the building element, the outer edge of the skirt has a rectangular, triangular, circular, elliptical or polygonal shape.

In order to be able to attach the collar so that it fits snugly to the periphery of the plates that pass through the aperture in the sublayer, according to a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the collar can converge away from the collar to the outer open end of the collar.

Depending on the particular use of the building element, the sleeve may be inclined according to the requirements of the structure with respect to the flange plane, thus forming a building element for hemming, for example, chimneys, vertical ducts of air conditioning, etc. which pass through the pitched roof and the like.

According to a preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the building element is adapted to seal a rectangular aperture in the sublayer through which the window frame mounting plates pass substantially perpendicular to the plane defined by the film of the sublayer. Consequently, the collar of the building element according to the invention preferably extends perpendicular to the rim and is preferably composed of sections or planar elements forming sections which are placed in intimate contact with the wooden panels of the roof structure.

In order to prevent water or snow from penetrating downwardly along the upper side of the sublayer to which the building element according to the invention is attached by the method according to the invention, i. The skirt is arranged substantially flush with the foil of the sublayer with which it is flat contacting, the building element according to the invention is further preferably, according to a preferred embodiment, fitted with a substantially triangular, skirt and cuff connecting the transition portion which is disposed relative to the skirt in the uppermost portion. building element, comes up from the hem and creates a crash barrier for water and snow. The barrier then discharges water and snow moving along the upper side of the sublayer on the sides of the central opening in the building member and prevents snow or water from falling into the central opening of the building member, which is determined by the hem of the building member.

According to another alternative embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the building element is a versatile building element that can be adapted to certain predetermined opening dimensions in the sublayer. The building element is made up of two halves which together form a building element comprising a skirt and a collar. If the building element according to the description of the preferred embodiment is assembled from two halves, the two halves must overlap so that water, snow or moisture cannot find the way through the leakage between the two halves, which are assembled into a uniform structure that flanges the perimeter of the aperture in the sublayer.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the building element comprises fastening means for fastening the skirt to the structural elements of the roof structure. The fastening means may be a plate which is fastened to the structural elements of the roof structure, for example by means of a nail, screw or similar fastener, or alternatively a hook-like fastening means for snapping around the structural element of the roof structure.

According to a further alternative embodiment of the building element according to the invention, the building element comprises a collar that is attached to the collar or attached around the periphery of the collar so that the film of the sublayer is clamped between the collar and the collar. The collar building member forms an assembly in which the aperture of the sublayer is sealed by the cooperation of a collar and a separate collar between which the film is clamped. The building element may further comprise a sealing ring which is inserted and compressed between the collar and collar.

Depending on the embodiment, the detached collar may be fitted with internal detachable ribs which form the cutting guide.

According to an alternative embodiment of the building element, the O-ring may fit into recesses around the circumference of the collar or hem, or alternatively into the recesses around the circumference of the collar.

According to another embodiment, the skirt may have deformable straps for attaching the skirt to the slats by bending the straps from the skirt plane. Preferably, the skirt may have openings for passing a portion of the tapes. The skirt may have first and second plates, the tape being attached to the second plate by hinges.

The aforementioned objects, together with numerous other objects, advantages and features, which will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, are achieved according to the second part of the invention by sealing the aperture in the foil of the roofing substructure. and from which the structural elements of the roof structure come up from the interior, comprising the steps of:

(i) provision of a building component which includes:

a skirt that forms a central aperture of the configuration and perimeter substantially corresponding to the configuration and perimeter of the aperture, and a collar that is integral with the skirt that extends substantially perpendicularly along the perimeter of the central aperture, the skirt and cuff are made of weatherproof material ii) arranging the skirt in substantially the same plane and planar contact with the film of the sublayer such that the central opening of the skirt coincides with the opening in the film of the sublayer and so that the cuff extends upward from the skirt; and iii) attaching the cuff to structural elements of the roof structure.

According to the method of the second part of the invention, a building element according to the first part of the invention is used to seal the opening in the foil of the sublayer according to the disclosure. The method according to the second part of the invention preferably further comprises any of the features of the building element according to the first part of the invention.

The aforementioned objects, together with numerous other objects, features and advantages, which will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention, are achieved according to the third part of the invention by sealing the aperture in the foil of the roofing substructure. , which includes the steps of:

(i) provision of a building component which includes:

a skirt that forms a central aperture of the configuration and perimeter substantially corresponding to the configuration and perimeter of the aperture, and a collar that is integral with the skirt that extends substantially perpendicularly along the perimeter of the aperture, the skirt and cuff being made of weatherproof material, and fastening means for attaching the skirt to structural elements of the roof structure, ii) arranging the skirt in substantially the same plane and planar contact with the film of the sublayer so that the central opening of the skirt coincides with the opening in the film of the sublayer and such that the cuff extends upward from the skirt; and iii) fastening the building element to the structural elements of the roof structure by means of fastening means such that the rim rests on the top side of the sublayer foil, and iv) sealing the sublayer foil to the building element.

The method according to the third part of the invention uses a building element according to the above preferred embodiment, including a separate collar for circumferential sealing of the opening in the film of the sublayer. The method according to the third part of the invention preferably further comprises any of the features of the building element according to the first part of the invention.

Overview of the figures in the drawing

The invention will be further described with reference to the figures.

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of a uniform collar or flange element according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view, similar to that of Figure 1, of a second embodiment of an element according to the invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective view and partial cross-sectional view of an element illustrating a method of using the first embodiment of the element of Figure 1 in the roof structure to which the element is attached and sealing the opening in the roof structure sublayer.

Figure 4 is a perspective view similar to Figure 3 showing a method of using a third embodiment of an element of the invention in a roof structure.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view, similar to Figs. 3 and 4, of a fourth embodiment of an element according to the invention, which resembles the first embodiment of Figs. 1 and 3 and illustrates a method of trimming the element at the point of use;

Figure 6 is a perspective view illustrating a method of using a fifth embodiment of a single collar or lining element according to the invention to seal a chimney passing through the roof of a building structure.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a roof structure with tiles attached to support strips, in which a sixth embodiment of a single collar or flashing element according to the invention is used to seal an aperture in the roof structure sublayer which allows the sub-layer and tile to be rounded.

Figure 8 is a cross-section similar to that of Figure 7, showing slightly modified use of the element of Figure 7.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view and a partial cross-section of an element illustrating a method of using the element of Figs. 7 and 8, in particular fastening the element of Fig. 8 to a supporting roof structure where it seals an opening in the roof structure sublayer.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a seventh embodiment of a uniform collar or lining element according to the invention.

Figures 11 and 12 are perspective views of a first portion of a seventh embodiment of the element of Figure 10.

Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing the first step of a method of securing a seventh embodiment of a single collar or flashing member to a roof structure, sealing a hole in the roof structure sublayer that allows a circular cross-sectional air-conditioning element to be led out through the sublayer and tile.

Fig. 14 is a perspective cross-sectional view showing the outer rim of the seventh embodiment of the uniform cuff or skirt element of Fig. 10 and illustrating the adaptability of the uniform cuff or skirt.

Fig. 15 is a perspective view showing the second step of the method of securing the seventh embodiment of the uniform collar or skirt of the invention of Fig. 10 to the roof structure.

Figure 16 is a perspective view similar to that of Figure 15, illustrating the final step of a method of attaching a seventh embodiment of the uniform collar or skirt of the invention of Figure 10 to a roof structure.

Fig. 17 is a perspective view from above of an eighth embodiment of a uniform collar or lining element according to the invention which differs slightly from the preferred embodiment of Fig. 1.

Fig. 18 is a bottom perspective view of an eighth embodiment of the uniform collar or skirt of Fig. 17.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to Figure 1, a first and preferred embodiment of a uniform collar or lining element 10 according to the invention is shown. The element 10 is made of a heat-sealable film, such as polyethylene, for example linear polyethylene or normal polyethylene, or other weather resistant material, for example aluminum foil, polyvinyl or polypropylene film, or a combination of these materials. The element 10 comprises a total of four film sections 12, 14, 16 and 18, which form two pairs of film elements. The first pair comprises the foil elements 12 and 16, and the second pair comprises the foil elements 14 and 18. The foil elements 12 and 16 of the first pair of foil elements are positioned symmetrically with respect to the imaginary centerline 20 of the element 10, and the foil elements 14 and 18 of the second pair of foil elements. Similarly, the foil elements 14 and 16, the foil elements 16 and 18, and the foil elements 12 and 18 are welded together in the weld joints 15, 17 and 19.

The element 10 is a unitary structure which comprises a substantially planar peripheral skirt, which consists of the main portions of the film sections 12, 14, 16 and 18, and which forms a plane to which the imaginary center axis is perpendicular. The unitary structure of the element 10 further comprises a collar formed of vertical portions of the film sections 12, 14, 16 and 18 and which defines a central, substantially rectangular center hole in the element 10, centered by an imaginary center axis 20 in the center. and a cuff of the member 10 designated by 22 and

24th

As mentioned above, the element 10 is preferably made of a foil, such as a plastic foil, which can either be shaped into the overall shape of the element 10 by applying heat to the heat-shrinkable material, or alternatively the element can be formed by a combination of heat shrinking and welding processes. four separate foil portions weld together, shrinking into the overall shape of the member 10 and further trimmed along the outer edge 26 of the member to form an overall rectangular outer boundary and along the upper edge 28 of the collar 24.

The element 10 shown in the figure is, as will be described in more detail below in Figure 3, used to seal an opening in the roof structure sublayer which can be used to mount, for example, a window frame, a chimney, an air conditioning element, and the like.

In Figure 2, an alternative or second embodiment of the uniform collar or flange member of the present invention 30 is shown. The second embodiment 30 differs from the above-described embodiment 10 in that the member is made as a single cast from e.g. linear polyethylene or similar plastic material or suitable metal material such as aluminum. The element comprises an outer skirt 32 and a collar 34 that are similar to the skirt 22 and the skirt 24 of the element 10 of Figure 1. The skirt 32, like the skirt 22 described above, forms an outer edge 36 of substantially rectangular shape. The skirt 32 is a planar structure from which substantially perpendicular r

a collar 34 extends upwardly to form an upper edge 38 of substantially rectangular shape. The collar 34 and rim 32 are joined together in a substantially rectangular joint 40, which, with the small variations necessary to allow removal of the element 30 from the casting mold, corresponds to the rectangular shape of the upper edge 38 of the collar 34. The second embodiment 30 may be 10, provided, for example, that the collar 34, and the like collar 24, will be angled inwardly so that the periphery of the top edge will be smaller than the periphery of the joint 40. Similarly, the skirt 32 may be made in any suitable shape such as square, circle, a triangle or even a curved arrangement for adapting the element to a particular use which requires the element to have a shape different from that shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Various ways of using a uniform collar or flanging element are shown in Figures 3 to 6, which also show an alternative embodiment of the element. In Figure 3, a first embodiment of a uniform collar or flashing member 10 is attached to a roof structure that includes two vertical or inclined strips 50 and 52 on which a sublayer or backing is attached. The sublayer comprises three strips 54, 56 and 58 which are substantially horizontal to each other relative to the roof structure and overlap one another so that the sublayer strip 54, which is located above the sublayer strips 56 and 58, overlaps with the lowest part of the adjacent sublayer 56, between the strips 50 and 52 there is a wooden support frame structure comprising four substantially perpendicularly placed plates 60, 62, 64 and 66. The plates 60, 62, 64 and 66 extend therethrough. foil of the sublayer and create an opening therein, through which the construction of the window frame or, for example, a chimney, air duct and the like will pass. According to the initially intended use of the first embodiment 10 of the unitary collar or skirt of the invention, the window frame is attached to a timber support frame structure comprising four plates 60, 62, 64 and 66. The element 10 serves to hermetically seal the timber support frame structure comprising plates 60, 62, 64, and 66, to a sublayer that includes sheets of film 54, 56, and 58 to prevent rain, snow, or moisture from penetrating into the timber support frame structure and possibly into the roof structure that includes moldings 50 and 52, along the edges of the boards 60, 62, 64 and 66, where water, snow or moisture could cause rot or attack by the sponge of roof construction elements, such as moldings 50 and 52.

As shown in Figure 3, the upper portion of the element 10, i. a film section 18 positioned below the sublayer web 54, while the film section 14 of the member 10 overlaps the sublayer web 58. This achieves the same overlay arrangement between the member 10 and the sublayer as between the strips of the sublayer, allowing water, moisture or snow to move down the upper side of the sublayer from the highest strip 54 to the adjacent strip 56 and beyond the sublayer without penetrating. below her. When the element 10 is intended to be used in conjunction with a window frame, which generally has a certain predetermined arrangement of certain predetermined dimensions, the element 10 is adapted to the arrangement and dimensions of the window frame construction. Thus, the outer periphery of the upper edge 28 of the collar 24 of the element 10 corresponds to the outer periphery of a wooden support frame structure that includes plates 60, 62, 64 and 66. Alternatively and preferably has a hermetic contact element 10 between the outer sides of plates 60, 62, 64 and 66 and the inner side of the collar 24 of the member 10 compared to the outer periphery of the wooden support frame structure somewhat reduced in size. Since the element 10 is intended to be closely adjacent to the plates 60, 62, 64 and 66, and by the close contact, the film sections 12, 14, 16 and 18 slightly deform, causing the periphery of the upper edge 28 of the collar 24 of the element 10 to increase. fastened to boards with nails, hooks, screws, glue and the like.

Alternatively, the film material of the member 10 may be heat shrinkable. In this case, the element 10 is fastened to the plates 60, 62, 64 and 66 by shrinking, or so-called recovery, of the sleeve 24 of the element 10 by the heat emitted by the gas firing unit, the electric hot air fan or the like. known method. The outer peripheral rim 22 of the element 10 may, if appropriate, be sealed to the strips of the sublayer 54, 56 and 58 by means of a sealing tape or adhesive.

In Figure 3, two elements of the construction of the window frame 68 and 70 are shown. The frame elements 68 and 70 both have a substantially rectangular shape and are made of Lprofiles, for example drawn aluminum profiles. The frame member 68 is an inner sealing frame which is secured, for example, by nails or screws, to the outside of the plates 60, 62, 64 and 66 so that the foil of the collar 24 of the element 10 is clamped between the frame and the plates. The frame member 70 overlaps, as shown in Figure 3, the frame member 68. The frame member 70 is attached to the upper edge of the plates 60, 62, 64 and 66 by nails, screws and the like. Of course, in conjunction with the unitary collar or flashing element of the invention, alternative frame structures can also be used to seal, for example, the window frame to the element 10 and further to the roof substructure.

In Figure 4, the strips 50 and 52, the foil strips of the sub-layer 54, 54 and 56, and the plates 60, 62, 64 and 66 are shown together with a slightly modified third embodiment of the unitary collar or lining element according to the invention. 2. The third embodiment, as a whole is marked 30 ', is made simply by cutting the second embodiment 30 into two substantially identical portions, allowing the longitudinal dimension of the element 30' to be adapted to the length of the plates 60 and 64. and 33 '. In use the two parts 3L and 33 'of the element 30' overlaps the portion 31 ¹ part 33 ', since, as shown in Figure 4, is mounted in advance of the portion 33'. The two parts 31 'and 33' of the third embodiment 30 'may, as mentioned above in Figure 3, be attached to panels 60, 62, 64 and 66 to which, for example, a window frame structure is attached, preferably fastened by nails or screws.

Figure 5 shows a slightly modified embodiment of the fourth embodiment of the unitary collar or skirt of the present invention, which is a modification of the first and preferred embodiment 10 described above. Alternatively, or the fourth embodiment of Figure 5 is designated 10 'as a whole. Element 10 'is. as well as the first and preferred embodiments 10 described above, made of a film, such as a flexible film of, for example, polyethylene, but differs from the first and preferred embodiments 10 described above in that it has enlarged dimensions of its parts. The designation of the elements or portions of embodiment 10 'in Figure 5 corresponds to the' sign 'of Figure 1 as an alternative. The alternative embodiment 10' differs from the above described first and preferred embodiment 10 in that the skirt 22 'and the collar 24' are opposite the corresponding elements or portions. The first and preferred embodiments 10 are enlarged to allow the collar 22 'and the collar 24' to be adapted to the exact size by cutting off excess material from the collar 22 'and the collar 24', as indicated by flaps 21 'and 23' which are cut off or separated from the collar 22 '. and the like flaps 25 'and 27' which are cut off from the cuff 24 'of the element 10 *. The slightly enlarged dimensions of the rim 22 'and the collar 24' of the element 10 'allow for adjustment or cutting of the element 10' for a given application. The element 10 'is preferably made of a heat-shrinkable film that allows overall adaptation of the element 10' for a given application by heat shrinkage of the element 10 ', which ensures perfect fit of the film to the support plates 60, 62, 64 and 66, and by cutting off excess material from the collar 22 'and the collars 24'.

Figure 6 shows an alternative use of another fifth embodiment of the uniform cuff or flange element of the invention. Alternatively, the fifth embodiment of the element of the invention is designated 80 in its entirety and is used to seal the chimney passage 90 and the roof surface sublayer 92, which is composed of corrugated tiles laid in the usual manner overlapping each other. The member 80 has a construction generally similar to that of the second embodiment 30 described above in Figure 2, and is preferably made as a plastic casting, for example, of linear polyethylene. The element comprises a rim 82 similar to the rim 32 of the element 30 described above and a cuff 84 similar to the rim 34 of the element described above 30. Unlike the element 30, where the cuff 34 extends substantially perpendicularly upward from the rim 32. 82 angle that differs from 90 °. The angle formed between the collar 84 and the rim 82 is determined by the slope of the roof surface 92 so as to provide a perfect sealing contact between the collar 84 and the surface of the outside of the chimney 90 and similarly to the perfect sealing contact between the rim 82 and the surface of the top side of the roof surface sublayer 92. to seal the contact between the upper edge of the sleeve 84 and the outer surface of the chimney 90, plates 86 and 88 are secured to the outer surface of the chimney 90, which overlap the sleeve 84 of the element 80.

In contrast to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth embodiments of the uniform cuff or hemming element of the invention described above, which comprise one piece consisting exclusively of a hem and a collar, another sixth embodiment of the uniform cuff or hemming element of the invention will be described below. with reference to Figures 7 to 9, it includes an added sealing element which together with the collar or flange element forms a sealing assembly. 7 and 8 show two alternative uses of a collar or flashing element or assembly in conjunction with a roof that is covered with individually stacked corrugated tiles or roof slabs, for example, baked tiles or tiles of concrete or the like.

In Figures 7 and 8, the designation 94 belongs to the rafters of the roof structure to which the sublayer is attached. The film of the sublayer is designated 96. Parallel and transverse battens are attached to the upper edge of the rafter 94 and the other rafters of the roof structure with respect to the rafter 94. The markings 98 belong to the lattice parallel to the rafter 94, and the markings 100 and 102 belong to the laths transverse to the rafter 94 and also the late 98, i.e. horizontal to the roof structure. The skids 100 and 102 are spaced apart, their primary task being to support the overlapping corrugated tiles 104, 106 and 108. The tiles 104, 106 and 108 are, like ordinary tiles, fitted with a tooth that grips behind support battens such as for example laths 100 and 102.

In Figures 7 and 8, the collar or lining element or assembly 110 serves to hermetically seal the opening in the sub-layer 96 through which, and also through the opening in the roof structure, a duct, such as an air duct, passes through the building. The channel extending through the roof structure is designated 140. In Figure 7, the channel 140 extends through the roof structure substantially perpendicular to the exterior surface of the roof defined by the tiles 104, 106 and 108, while in Figure 8 the channel 140 passes through the opening in the roof substantially vertically at an angle. a defined external surface of the roof other than 90 °. Adapting the angular position of the channel 140 relative to the vertical axis and relative to the exterior surface of the roof is easily accomplished by moving the assembly 110 from the position shown in Figure 7 to the position of Figure 8, which differs in that the assembly 110 is secured over the hinge portion of the assembly. , which will be described in more detail below, to the upper edge of the slat 102, while in Figure 8 the assembly 110 is secured via said hinge portion to the lower edge of the slat 102. The position of the assembly 110 can be readily adjusted by those having skill in the art. by placing a separate bar parallel to the bars 100 and 102 and attaching the assembly 110 to the bar. The structure of the element or assembly 110 will now be described in more detail according to Figure 9, which illustrates the assembly 110 seated relative to the sub-layer 96 and attached to the lower edge of the lath 102 of Figure 8.

The unitary collar or trim member or assembly 110 includes two portions or elements 112 and 114 that are positioned on the upper and lower sides of the sublayer 96, respectively. The component 112 has a construction similar to that of the above described embodiments of the unitary collar or trim member. 116 and a collar 118. The skirt 116 has a plate 120 at the top of the assembly 110, as well as the element 112, from which two additional plates 122 and 124 extend upward. The height of the plates 122 and 124 corresponds to the height of the fabrics to 102 carrying tiles, i From the plates 122 and 124, two triangular plates 126 and 128 extend parallel to the plate 120 and terminate in two hinge plates 130 and 132 forming the above-mentioned hinge part, by means of which, for example, the assembly 110 is fastened to the upper by nails or screws. In Figures 7 and 8, one nail is shown below 134 and passes through one of the holes in the hinge plates 130 and 132 and is fixed in the usual manner by a hammer. In addition to keeping the plate 120 at a desired distance below the plates 126 and 128, the plates 122 and 124 also serve as a barrier for water and snow to drain water and snow moving along the upper side of the sublayer 96 to the opening side of the assembly 110 and prevent snow or water to fall into the hole.

The skirt 116 and the collar 118 of the element 112 are joined at a joint that forms a peripheral recess into which the O-ring fits. The cuff 118 of the element 112 further has through holes, one of which is designated 138, into which the hooks of the bottom portion 114 of the assembly 110 will engage and secure the two portions 112 and 114 together in a tight and locked position or structure. The part 114 has a construction that resembles the construction of the collar or flange member of the invention described above in Figures 1 to 6 and which includes a peripheral collar 142 and a peripheral collar 144 that extends upwardly from the collar 142. The collar 144 has, as mentioned, above, the hooks 146 that engage the holes 138 of the collar 118 of the component 112.

The assembly 110 is fixed to the designated position as follows. First, the piece 112 is placed in a predetermined position relative to the roof structure and then relative to the sublayer 96, and secured to the latch 102 by nails or bolts as described above. The top panel 112 is placed, as will be seen, in the center of the unsupported sublayer 96, while the above-described uniform cuffs or flanges of the invention described in Figures 1 to 6 are supported in position by a roof structure, such as strips 50 and 52 of Figures 3 and 4. After positioning and attaching the top panel 112 with the central opening in the collar 118 of the panel 112, the aperture 96 in which the panel 114 is inserted from above is rotated, pressed against the underside of the sublayer 96 and the hooks 146 of the collar 144 of the bottom panel 114 fit into the holes 138 of the collar 118 of the top panel 112, are locked in position relative to the top panel 112 as described above. After securing the bottom panel 114 in position, the film of the sublayer is compressed between the collars and cuffs of the top and bottom panels 112 and 114. Ring 136. Furthermore, excess foil coming out of the assembly can be easily cut to form a perfectly looking and hermetically sealed aperture in the sublayer which is further resistant to water and snow due to the inclined plates 122 and 124 described above. A hermetic seal between the channel, such as the channel 140 of Figures 7 and 8, and between the assembly 110 is readily achieved, if desired, for example by means of seals, sealing foils and tapes in a manner apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art. However, in many applications, a hermetic seal between an element that passes through the assembly 110, such as the channel 140 of Figures 7 and 8, and the assembly 110 is not necessary and is consequently omitted.

Referring now to Figure 10, a single collar or lining member or assembly 210 is shown that represents a seventh embodiment of the single collar or lining member of the invention. The element or assembly 210 serves to hermetically seal the aperture in the sublayer through which, and also through the aperture in the roof structure, a duct, such as an air duct, passes into the environment from inside the building. Essentially, the assembly 210 is an alternative embodiment of the unitary collar or skirt or assembly 110 described above in Figures 7 and 8. Assembly 210 includes, as with assembly 110 described above, two separate parts or elements 212 and 214. Part or element 212 forms the top part of the assembly and serves substantially the same purpose as element or part 112 described above. Similarly, element or part 214 forms the bottom 7 and 8. Thus, the element or part 212 comprises a circumferential rim 216 and a collar 218. From the collar 218 they extend in opposite directions to each other against the upper part. the rim 216 has a plate 220 at the top of the assembly 210, as well as an element 212, from which two additional plates 222 and 224 extend upwardly. The plates 220 and 224 are similar to elements 122 and 124 above. of the described assembly 110 and are connected to two substantially triangular plates 226 and 228 parallel to the rim 216. Similar to the elements 122, 12 4, 126 and 128 of the assembly 110 serve the elements 222, 224, 226 and 228 mainly as a barrier, preventing water and snow from falling into the opening formed by the rim 218 of the assembly 210.

However, the assembly 210 differs from the above-described assembly 110 in that the assembly 210 has a structure that allows the assembly to be easily used on roof structures of different dimensions, particularly roof structures with different distances between substantially the roof structure with horizontal battens similar to late 102 according to For this adaptability, the element 212 has two further plates which extend from the outer edge of the skirt 216 parallel to the shelves 217 and 219 to a height above the skirt 216 that coincides with the height of the shelves 217 and 219. Of the plates 230 and 232 which are substantially vertical, extending outwardly from the outer edge of the plates two further plates 234 and 236. The plates 234 and 236 are parallel to and above the rim 216, as shown in Figure 10, the plates 234 and 236 comprise through holes which are The assembly 210 further comprises two elongate strips 242 and 244, respectively, respectively The elongated strips 242 and 244 comprise through holes 250 and 252 for nails or screws by which the part or element 212 is fastened to the roof structure, as will be described in more detail below.

In Figures 11 and 12, the lower element or portion 214 of the unitary collar or flange element or assembly 210 is shown in more detail. The element or component 214 consists essentially of two portions, such as a rim 260 and a collar 262. A through hole is formed in the collar 262 into which four detachable ribs 264 form an opening 268 in the plane defined by the rim 260, forming an opening 268. As will be seen from the following. of the description, the ribs 264 form a cutting guide. A plurality of locks 266 are provided from the upper edge of the collar 262 to secure the member or member 214 in position relative to the member or member 212 after the member or member 214 is inserted into the member or member 212 of the uniform collar or flange member or assembly 210 of Figure 10th

13 and 14 show two steps of assembling a single collar or flange member or assembly 210. In a first assembly step of assembly 210, the member or member 214 is positioned in the intended position relative to the sublayer web 96 of FIG. 13. Next, a knife 280 or similar is used. cutting means for cutting a hole in the sublayer 96 along the cutting line 282 that corresponds to the inner edge of the ribs 264 of the flange 260 of the member or member 214. As shown in Figure 13, the portion of the sublayer that is detached by knife 210 is designated 284. that ribs 264, which are an integral part of the assembly, ensure that the hole formed, most often by cutting, in the sublayer is accurate. After cutting the hole in the sub-layer 96, the ribs 264 are separated from the main portion of the panel 214 simply by breaking along the separating lines shown in Figures 11 and 12.

Upon completion of the operation of Figure 13, the top portion 212 of the assembly 210 is ready for use in the operation of Figure 14. The elongated strips 242 and 244 on the part 212 are bent down, the outer ends of the elongated strips 242 and 244 are inserted into corresponding holes in the plates 234 and 236. and they will stretch through them. At this stage of inserting and extending the outer ends of the elongated strips through the corresponding apertures in the plates 234 and 236, the member or member 212 is arranged or adapted to accommodate the aperture in the sublayer 96 resulting from the procedure described above in Figure 13 with respect to the fabric position; 15 is arranged or matched to the spacing between the battens of the roof structure as shown in Figure 15, wherein the batt 102 is shown together with the dashed batten 100. By bending the elongate strips 242 and 244 downwardly from the outwardly extending plates 234 and 236 and extending the outer ends of the elongated strips 242 and 244, a total of four hinge points are provided by certain holes in plates 234 and 236. The hinge points formed from the elongate strip 244 are labeled 254 and 256, the hinge points formed from the elongated strip 242 then 255 and 257.

After alignment or adjustment of the member 210 with respect to the roof structure and aperture in the sublayer 96, the panel 212 is secured to the roof structure as shown in Figure 15. Nails or bolts are threaded through one or more holes of the hinge locations 256 and 257 and attached to the roof structure. 15, the two nails to which the hinge locations 256 and 257 are attached are designated 258 and 259. Similarly, the hinge locations 254 and 255 are attached to the latch 100 by means of other nails, screws or similar fasteners.

As can be seen from Figure 15, the sublayer 96 forms a peripheral flap 286 formed as described in Figure 13 by cutting the aperture in the sublayer along the outer edge of the detachable ribs 264 of portion 214. The peripheral flap thus has a portion 212 relative to the through hole defined by the collar 218. the exact dimensions, as well as the correct positioning, because the panel 212 is aligned or adapted to the dimensions of the roof structure and the position of the aperture in the sublayer, as described above with reference to Figures 14 and 15.

Finally, the panel 214 from the interior of the roof is inserted and pressed into the opening determined by the collar 218 of the member 212, as shown in Figure 16. At the stage of pressing the panel 214 into the through hole determined by the collar 218 of the panel 212, the peripheral tab 286 is compressed between the collars 262 and 218 214 and 212, and a joint is formed between the sub-layer 96 and the assembly 210. After pressing the part 214 into the part 212, the locks 266 secure the position of the part 214 relative to the part 212 via a bayonet joint to hold the part 214 in position. of the unitary collar 212 or lining assembly 210.

Figures 17 and 18 show an eighth and very preferred embodiment of the uniform cuff or flange element of the invention as a whole is designated 310. Essentially, the eighth embodiment 310 is a modified embodiment of the first and second embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 described above, and further includes features of the sixth and seventh embodiments of Figures 7-9 and 10-16. The sixth embodiment 310 is a unitary cast member made, for example, of a linear polyethylene or similar plastic material, or of a corresponding metal such as aluminum. The element 310 comprises a plurality of foil portions, such as four foil sections 312, 314, 316 and 318, which are entirely cast foil sections similar to the four foil sections 12, 14, 16 and 18 of the element 10 described in Figure 1. forming the sides and the film sections 314 and 318 are the lower and upper sections, where the terms lower section, upper section and sides refer to the intended orientation of element 310. Element 310 further comprises two end foil sections 3 15 and 3 19 that integrally follow the bottom and an upper foil section 3 14 and 318 by means of weakened or hinged sections 313 and 317, which allow the overall length of the element 310 to be adapted to the application by bending the end foil sections 3 15 and 319 or separating them from adjacent lower and upper sections 314 and 318. sections 315 and 3 19 bent with respect to the lower and upper foil sections 3 14 and 3 18, the end foil 7 to 8, using for example nails, screws and the like.

The foil sections 312, 314, 316 and 318 described above form an integral rim 322 of the unitary collar or flashing element 310, from which an entirely cast collar 322 is formed upwardly to form a rim to attach to the timber roof structure and seal the perimeter of the timber roof structure. 3 and 4. The cuff 324 defines an upper or outer peripheral edge 326 of a generally rectangular shape.

In contrast to the first and second embodiments 10 and 30 described above in Figures 1 and 2, which are generally symmetrical, the eighth embodiment comprises the aforementioned lower and upper foil sections 314 and 318 and hence the innate intended orientation. Thus, while the lower foil section 314 is substantially planar, the upper foil section 318 comprises a raised portion of a triangular shape that is formed by upwardly extending plates 332 and 334 and a planar triangular shape plate 330. The plates 330, 332 and 334 serve substantially the same purpose. such as the plates 122 and 124 of the unitary collar or lining element 110 described above according to Figures 7 to 9, i. water and snow removal.

Figure 17 is a top view of the unitary cuff or skirt 310; Figure 18 is a bottom view of the unitary skirt or skirt, showing a recess 328 formed by the above-described triangular rain and snow barrier with plates 330, 332 and 334 that prevent water and snow moving along the upper side of the sublayer, such as sublayers 56 and 58 of Figures 3 and 4, from falling into the central opening of the structural member 24 defined by the upwardly extending cuff 324 of the uniform cuff or lining element 310, and diverts them to the sides.

Example 1

The prototype of the above-described first and preferred embodiments of the unitary collar or skirt 10 described above of Figure 1 was made of four 0.5 mm thick polyethylene film sections corresponding to the above-described foil sections 12, 14, 16 and 18 welded together in the weld joints which corresponded to the weld joints 13, 15, 17 and 19 described above and formed a generally rectangular outer boundary of dimensions 176 cm x 129 cm. The foil sections were shaped into the configuration of Figure 1 during welding, the height of the upwardly extending cuff was 16 cm, and the dimensions of the central opening determined by the top edge of the cuff were 98 cm x 80 cm. The central opening in the element was positioned centrally relative to the outer boundary.

Example 2

The prototype of the above-described second embodiment of the uniform cuff or flange element 30 described above in Figure 2 was cast from linear polyethylene. The element had a configuration similar to that of FIG. 2 and an outer boundary corresponding to boundary 36 of dimensions 117 cm x 95 cm. In the middle of the plate-shaped rim was an opening of 98 cm x 78 cm, and a cuff similar to the cuff 34 described above extended substantially perpendicular to the rim plane to a height of 8 cm above the top surface of the rim of the element.

Example 3

A prototype of the eighth embodiment of the uniform cuff or flange member 310 described above of Figures 17 and 18 was cast from linear polyethylene. The element had a configuration similar to that of FIG. 17 and 18 and an outer border of 1950 mm x 1178 mm. The film segments 315 and 319 each measured 1178 mm x 150 mm. In the middle of the collar 322 of the fully cast unitary collar or flange member 310, an outer edge 326 of collar 324 was delimited by an opening of 1398 mm x 778 mm. Height of crash barrier determined by plates 330, 332 and 334, i. the height of the triangular barrier, measured from the upwardly extending cuff 324, was 70 mm and the triangular plate 330 was raised 20 mm above the plane determined by the upper foil section 318 of the flange 322,

While the invention has been described above with reference to many and preferred embodiments, numerous modifications are to be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art to be considered as part of the invention according to the foregoing claims. Although the invention has been described above with reference to rectangular apertures, the collars of the above-described uniform collars or trim elements have been described in connection with rectangular apertures, such as rectangular apertures for fitting roof window frames, the uniform collar or trim element of the invention is not limited for sealing the rectangular apertures, since the collar of the single collar or lining element used according to the invention can be made in any configuration meeting the intended requirements, ie it may be circular, rectangular, triangular, square, elliptical or containing straight and curved sections or a combination of the geometric shapes.

Claims (31)

PATENT CLAIMS A structural element for sealing a hole in a roof substructure foil, through which the interior space enclosed by the roof construction is accessible from the outside, comprising: a rim that forms a central aperture of the configuration and a circumference substantially corresponding to the configuration and circumference of said aperture, and a collar which is integral with said rim, extending substantially perpendicularly over the entire circumference of said central aperture, said rim and said cuff being made of said rim is adapted to be arranged in substantially the same plane and surface contact with said film of said sublayer so that said central opening in said rim coincides with said opening in said film of said sublayer and so that said cuff it was based on that hem. The building element according to claim 1, characterized in that said hem and said collar are made of the same material as the weather-resistant plastic, for example linear polyethylene, normal polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene and the like, or of a metal resistant. against corrosion, such as aluminum, or from combinations of said materials. A building element according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that said rim and said collar are cast from a castable material. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said flange and said collar are made of sheets which are welded together. The building element according to claim 4, characterized in that said flange and said collar are made of foils that are flexible and preferably foldable. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said central opening in said rim has a rectangular, triangular, circular, elliptical or polygonal shape. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said rim forms an outer edge of a rectangular, triangular, circular, elliptical or polygonal shape. The building component of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said collar is angled from said collar to the outer open end of the collar. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said flange defines a plane and said collar is inclined with respect to said plane defined by said flange. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said collar extends perpendicularly from said collar. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said rim consists of sections or planar elements. The building element of any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a transition portion of substantially triangular shape that connects said rim with said rim to said collar and extends upwardly from said rim so as to form a rain or snow barrier. A building element according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said building element consists of two halves which together form said building element, which comprises said skirt and said collar. The building element of any one of claims 1 to 13, further comprising fastening means for attaching said skirt to a structural element of said roof structure. The building element of claim 14, wherein said fastening means comprises a plate extending perpendicularly from said skirt and having a through hole for passing a nail, bolt or similar fastening means for attaching said plate to said structural element of said roof structure . 16. The building element of claim 14, wherein said fastening means comprises a hook-like fastening means for snapping around said structural element of said roof structure. 17. The building element of claim 14, wherein said skirt comprises a strip that constitutes said fastening means, said strap being located on a side of said skirt, said strap may be deformable such that it may extend out of the plane of the skirt. 18. The building element of claim 17, wherein said skirt comprises openings for passing said deformed tape. 19. The building element of claim 17, wherein said skirt comprises a vertical first plate extending from said skirt side, said first plate extending parallel to said skirt a second plate having apertures, said tape being hingedly attached to said second plate . The building element of any one of claims 14 to 16, further comprising a separate collar that is attached to said collar or attached to the periphery of said collar so that said foil of said sublayer is clamped between said collar and said collar . 21. The building element of claim 20, wherein said separate collar has detachable ribs that extend inwardly in a plane defined by said skirt. The building element of claim 20 or 21, further comprising an O-ring seal that is inserted and secured between said collar and said collar. 23. The building element of claim 22, wherein said O-ring seal is inserted into a circumferential groove in said collar or rim. 24. The building component of claim 22, wherein said O-ring seal is inserted into a circumferential groove in said collar. 25. A method of sealing an aperture in a roof sublayer foil, through which an interior space bounded by a roof construction is accessible from the outside, and through which structural elements of said roof construction emerge from said interior space, comprising the steps of: (i) provision of a building component which includes: a rim that forms a central aperture of the configuration and a circumference substantially corresponding to the configuration and circumference of said aperture, and a collar which is integral with said rim extending substantially perpendicularly over the entire circumference of said central aperture, said rim and said cuff being of a material weather-resistant; ii) arranging said hem in substantially the same plane and planar contact with said film of said sublayer so that said central opening of said hem coincides with said opening in said film of said sublayer and so that said collar extends upwardly from said hem; and iii attaching said collar to said structural elements of said roof structure. A method according to claim 25, wherein said building element comprises any of the features of any one of claims 2 to 24. A method according to any one of claims 25 or 26, characterized in that said skirt overlaps with said foil of said sublayer, i. overlaps and / or underlays, or alternatively partially overlaps and partially overlaps with said film of said sublayer. 28. A method of sealing an aperture in a foil of a roof structure sublayer, through which an interior space bounded by a roof structure is accessible from the outside, comprising the steps of: (i) provision of a building component which includes: a rim that forms a central aperture of the configuration and a circumference substantially corresponding to the configuration and circumference of said aperture, and a collar which is integral with said rim extending substantially perpendicularly over the entire circumference of said central aperture, said rim and said cuff being of a material weather resistant, and fastening means for attaching said skirt to the structural elements of said roof structure; ii) arranging said hem in substantially the same plane and planar contact with said film of said sublayer so that said central opening of said hem coincides with said opening in said film of said sublayer and so that said collar extends upwardly from said hem; iii) attaching said building element to said structural elements of said roof structure by means of said fastening means so that said rim rests on top of said foil of said sublayer, and iv) sealing said foil of said sublayer to said building element. The method of claim 28, wherein said building element comprises any of the features of any one of claims 2 to 19. A method according to any one of claims 22 or 29, wherein said building element further comprises a separate collar which is attached to said cuff or attached to the periphery of said cuff such that said foil of said sublayer is clamped between said cuff and said collar, said method further comprising: arranging said collar into said collar or attaching it circumferentially to said collar so that said foil of said sublayer is clamped between said collar and said collar. The method of claim 30, wherein said building element comprises any of the features of any one of claims 22 to 24.