SI8510155A8

SI8510155A8 - Device for wood impregnation

Info

Publication number: SI8510155A8
Application number: SI8510155A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Terje Rosenlund
Original assignee: Terje Rosenlund
Priority date: 1984-02-02
Filing date: 1985-02-04
Publication date: 1996-08-31
Also published as: BA96066B1; HRP920924A2

Description

UREDAJ ZA IMPREGNACIJU DRVETAWOOD IMPREGNATION DEVICE

Oblast tehnike u koju spada pronalazakFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Pronalazak spada u oblast uredaja za nanošenje teCnosti na površine, a posebno se odnosi na uredaje u koj ima se predmet stavlja u dodir sa velikom koliCinom teCnosti. Oznaka prema Medunarodnoj klasifikaciji patenata : B 05 C 3/109 i B 27 K 3/10. TehniCki problemThe invention relates to the field of liquid application devices, and in particular relates to devices in which the object is contacted with a large amount of liquid. Designation according to the International Patent Classification: B 05 C 3/109 and B 27 K 3/10. Technical problem

Pronalaskom se rešava problem kako konstrukcijski izvesti uredaj za impregniranje drveta kojim če se povečati dubina impregnacije drveta naizmeniCnom primenom vakuuma, uz evakuaciju vazduha i drugih gasova iz strukture drveta, i pritiskom teCnosti za impregniranje.The invention solves the problem of how to construct a wood impregnation structure, which will increase the depth of wood impregnation by alternating application of vacuum, by evacuating air and other gases from the wood structure, and by pressing the impregnation fluid.

Stanje tehnikeThe state of the art

Obrada drveta impregnacijom pod pritiskom, ili duboka impregnacija, poznata je več duže vremena. Svrha obrade je da se drvo uCini otpornijim prema trulenju, gljivama, insektima i crvotoCnim promenama. Sredstvo za impregnaciju je normalno tečnost koja sadrži različite rastvorene soli, kojPressure impregnation, or deep impregnation, has been known for a long time. The purpose of processing is to make the tree more resistant to rot, fungi, insects and wormhole changes. An impregnating agent is a normal fluid containing various dissolved salts, which

toksiCno dejstvo.toxic fact.

Uredaji koji se danas najviše koriste, rade na principu što se suvo drvo stavi u sud pod pritiskom, dok je rezervoar pod pritiskom. Cilj je ovoga da se istisne koliko je god više moguče vazduha iz čelija drveta. Posle toga se teCnost za impregnaciju uvodi pod atmosferskim pritiskom u rezervoar za impregnaciju iz specijalnog rezervoara za snabdevanje. Usisavanjem če drvo apsorbovati teCnost za impregnaciju. Nedostatak ovog uredaja je to, što je sposobnost drveta da apsorbuje tečnost za impregnaciju znatno umanjena, pošto je potrebno izvesno vreme da bi drvo bilo potpuno obuhvačeno tečnošču za impregniranje. U meduvremenu, pre no Sto je materijal potpuno obuhvačen tečnoSču, drvo če apsorbovati vazduh i čeli je drveta če se napuniti vazduhom umesto tečnošču. Zbog toga če i spoljni i unutrašnji pritisak biti u velikoj meri izjednačeni, pa če impregnaciona tečnost u nedovoljnoj meri prodirati u drvo.The devices most used today operate on the principle that dry wood is put in a pressure vessel, while a pressure tank. The goal of this is to squeeze out as much air as possible from the cells of the tree. Subsequently, the impregnation fluid is introduced under atmospheric pressure into an impregnation tank from a special supply tank. By suction, the wood will absorb the impregnation fluid. The disadvantage of this device is that the wood's ability to absorb the impregnation fluid is significantly impaired, since it takes some time for the wood to be completely covered by the impregnation fluid. In the meantime, before the material is completely covered with liquid, the wood will absorb the air and the forehead of the tree will be filled with air instead of liquid. Therefore, both external and internal pressures will be largely equalized and impregnation fluid will not penetrate the wood sufficiently.

ee

Posle detaljnih istraživanja ovah pOznatih uredaja, bilo je zapaženo da, uprkos činjenici da drvo gubi veči deo zapremine gasa koju sadrže čeli je, neče sva zapremina koja je zauzeta gasom biti ispunjena supstancom za impregniranje, iako je sav materijal u potpunosti potopljen u tečnost. PoSto nije došlo do deformnacije materijala, treba pretpostaviti da preostala zapremina mora biti ispunjena nekom drugom supstancom od one koja služi za impregnaciju.After extensive research into these known devices, it was noted that, despite the fact that wood loses most of the gas volume contained in the forehead, not all the volume occupied by the gas will be filled with the impregnating substance, even though all the material is completely submerged in the liquid. Since no deformation of the material has occurred, it should be assumed that the remaining volume must be filled with a substance other than that used for impregnation.

Logično je da ta supstanca mora biti neki gas. Ovaj gas se jednim delom sastoji od vazduha koji je drvo apsorbovalo kada je dodavana tečnost, kao Sto je napred rečeno, ali je takode verovatno da je gas izvučen iz tečnosti, saglasno zakonu o rastvorljivosti gasova u odnosu prema pritisku gasa iznad tečnosti. Membrane čelija u drvetu su takve prirode, da mogu zadržati, na primer, molekule glikoze, dok su istovremeno propusne za molekule vode. Drugim reč ima, mali molekuli mogu mnogo lakše da produ kroz membranu nego veliki molekuli. Veliki deo molekula Sto prolaze kroz membrane u čelije kod poznatih uredaja za impregnaciju biče molekuli gasa iz tečnosti za impregniranje, Sto umanjuje mogučnost molekulima tečnosti za impregniranje da prodru u čelije. Ovo dovodi, naravno, do slabijeg prodiranja tečnosti za impregniranje kod odredenih vrsta drveta, naročito kod borovine, koja se danas smatra kao pogodna za impregnaciju ovim uredajem. To znači da druge važne vrste, kao Sto je jela, neče biti pogodne za impregnaciju pod pritiskom, jer postoji razlika u strukturi čelija kod ova dva četinara. Kao rezultat, samo se borovina u NorveSkoj obraduje napred opisanim uredajem, pa ta ograničenja predstavljaju, prirodno, ozbiljan nedostatak uredaja.Logically, that substance must be some gas. This gas consists in part of the air absorbed by the wood when the liquid was added, as stated above, but it is also likely that the gas was drawn from the liquid, in accordance with the law on the solubility of gases in relation to the gas pressure above the liquid. Cell membranes in wood are of such a nature that they can retain, for example, glycose molecules, while being permeable to water molecules. In other words, small molecules can penetrate the membrane much more readily than large molecules. Much of the molecules that pass through membranes into the cells of known impregnation devices are made up of gas molecules from impregnating fluid, which reduces the ability of molecules of impregnating fluid to penetrate the cells. This leads, of course, to the infiltration of impregnation fluid in certain types of wood, especially pine, which is nowadays considered suitable for impregnation with this device. This means that other important species, such as table foods, will not be suitable for pressure impregnation because there is a difference in the structure of the cells in these two conifers. As a result, only Norway pine is treated with the device described above, so these restrictions are, of course, a serious drawback.

Prema poznatom stanju tehnike, opisanom, na primer, u DE-A-1 492 551 i DE-A-2 313 826, vazduh se izvlači iz tečnosti za impregniranje u koju je potopljeno drvo. Utvrdeno je da je nemoguče da se u potpunosti izvuče vazduh iz drveta kada je isto prekriveno tečnošču, Sto znači nedovoljno prodiranje tečnosti u čelije.According to the prior art described, for example, in DE-A-1 492 551 and DE-A-2 313 826, air is drawn from the impregnating fluid into which the wood is immersed. It has been found impossible to completely extract air from the tree when the same is covered with fluid, which means insufficient penetration of fluid into the cells.

Prema GB 1 399 Θ33 drvo i tečnost za impregniranje se obraduju vakuumom u odvojenim sudovima. Kada se tečnost prenese u sud u kome je drvo, vakuum se otkloni i atmosferski pritisak utiskuje tečnost u pore drveta. Kao i kod napred opisanih primera, to neče obezbediti zadovoljavajuče impregniranje.According to GB 1 399 Θ33, wood and impregnation fluid are treated by vacuum in separate vessels. When the fluid is transferred to the vessel where the wood is, the vacuum is removed and atmospheric pressure presses the fluid into the pores of the wood. As with the examples described above, this will not provide a satisfactory impregnation.

Opis rešenja tehničkog problemaDescription of solution to a technical problem

Cilj je ovog pronalaska da se ostvari uredaj za impregniranje drvenih materijala, koji če povečati dubinu impregniranja i pružiče mogučnost za impregniranje i onih vrsta drveta (na primer jela i dr.) koja se smatraju za nepogodna za obradu impregniranjem pod pritiskom, ili za duboko impregniranje.It is an object of the present invention to provide a wood impregnating device, which will increase the impregnation depth and provide the possibility of impregnating those types of wood (for example, meals, etc.) that are considered unsuitable for pressure impregnation or deep impregnation .

Ovo je postignuto pomoču uredaja za impregniranje drveta tečnošču za impregniranje, kod koga se drvo stavlja u hermetički sud pod pritiskom ili u rezervoar za impregniranje, iz kojeg je vazduh potpuno, ili skoro potpuno evakuisan, a tečnost za impregniranje je posle unošenja u rezervoar izločena pritisku, pri čemu je tečnost za impregniranje potpuno, ili skoro potpuno oslobodena svog gasa i/ili vazduha pre sabljanja u rezervoaru za impregniranje. Pri torne se impregniranje vrši pod uslovima potpune hermetičnosti, tako da je tečnost potpuno, ili skoro sasvim oslobodena gasa i vazduha kad nastupa impregnacija, tj. kod povečanog prodiranja tečnosti prema drvetu, i gas i/ili vazduh nemaju priliku da prodru u drvo izmedu pražnjenja rezervoara i impregniranja drveta.This is accomplished with the help of a wood impregnating device with an impregnating fluid, in which the wood is placed in a pressurized pressure vessel or in an impregnation tank, from which the air is completely or almost completely evacuated and the impregnation fluid is pressurized after being introduced into the tank. , wherein the impregnating fluid is completely, or almost completely, released from its gas and / or air before being collected in the impregnation tank. The impregnation is carried out under conditions of complete tightness, so that the liquid is completely or almost completely free of gas and air when impregnation occurs, ie. in the case of increased fluid penetration into the wood, both gas and / or air do not have the opportunity to penetrate the wood between tank emptying and wood impregnation.

Pronalaskom se uspostavija vakuum u drvetu, ili, konkretnije, čelije drveta se stave pod vakuumski sistem koji se održava pre i u toku 'vremena napajanja tečnosti, tako da impregnaciona tečnost bude usisana na gore, kroz zidove čelija, puneči na taj način čelije. U ovom slučaju nema potrebe za izjednačavanje pritiska izmedu čelija i okruženja, da bi prethodno došlo do prodiranja tečnosti za impregniranje kroz zidove čelija.The invention establishes a vacuum in the wood, or more specifically, the wood cells are placed under a vacuum system maintained before and during the fluid feed time, so that the impregnating fluid is sucked up, through the cell walls, to fill the cells. In this case, there is no need to equilibrate the pressure between the cells and the environment, in order for the impregnation fluid to penetrate the cell walls first.

U praksi se odstranjivanje vazduha sadržanog u tečnosti za impregniranje obavija u posebnom rezervoaru.In practice, the removal of air contained in the impregnation fluid is wrapped in a separate tank.

U toku rada, sabljanje impregnacione tečnosti i nakon Sto je ista uvedena u rezervoar za impregniranje ostvaruje se smanjivanjem zapremine u rezervoaru za impregniranje, ili uvodenjem tečnosti pod pritiskom iz koje je uklonjen vazduh ili gas.During operation, the compaction of the impregnation fluid after it has been introduced into the impregnation tank is achieved by reducing the volume in the impregnation tank, or by introducing a pressure fluid from which the air or gas has been removed.

Uredaj za impregniranje obuhvata impregnacioni rezervoar koji prima drvo koje treba impregnirati, kao i potpunu opremu za proizvodnju vakuuma u rezervoaru, zatim cevi koje spajaju rezervoar za impregniranje sa rezervoarom tečnosti za impregniranje radi snabdevanja tečnošču rezervoara za impregniranje, dok je u vezi sa rezervoarom za impregniranje predvidena oprema za povečanje pritiska u rezervoaru, u uslovima potpune zaptivenosti prema vazduhu.The impregnation device includes an impregnation tank that receives the wood to be impregnated, as well as complete vacuum production equipment in the tank, then pipes connecting the impregnation tank to the impregnation fluid reservoir to supply the impregnation tank fluid while in connection with the impregnation tank equipment designed to increase the pressure in the tank, in conditions of complete air tightness.

Kod jednog praktičnog izvodenja uredaja prema pronalasku, povečanje pritiska izvedeno je pomoču sredstva za smanjenje zapremine u rezervoaru, kao Sto je, na primer, jedan ili viSe naduvenih mekih rezervoara za impregnaciju, ili u cevi koja sprovodi tečnost, a u vezi je sa rezervoarom za impregniranje, ili pak postavljanjem jednog ili viSe pomerljivih klipova, ili pumpe za pritisak u cevi izmedu rezervoara tečnosti i rezervoara za impregniran je.In one practical embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, the pressure increase is performed by means of a volume reducing agent in the tank, such as, for example, one or more inflated soft impregnation tanks or in a fluid conduit, in connection with the impregnation tank , or by placing one or more adjustable pistons or a pressure pump in the pipe between the fluid tank and the impregnation tank.

Pronalazak je opisan detaljnije sa pozivom na priloženi crtež koji prikazuje, Šematski, primer izvodenja uredaja prema pronalasku.The invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing showing, Schematically, an example of a device according to the invention.

Drvo 1 koje se impregnira, smeSteno je u rezervoaru 2 za impregniranje, koji je zaptiven za vazduh i otporan na pritisak. Jedan ili viSe elastičnih, mekih rezervoara 3 rasporedeno je unutar rezervoara 2 za impregniranje (zavisno od broja, iznad drva 1, ili iznad i sa obe strane, i sl.). Pre početka impregniranja drveta 1, vazduh u mekom rezervoaru 3 je evakuisan pomoču vakuum pumpe 4, a preko cevi 5, 6, 7, i 8, dok su ventili 9, 10 u cevima otvoreni. Nakon Sto je vazduh evakuisan, zatvara se ventil 10. Iza toga je rezervoar 11 tečnosti, spojen sa vakuum pumpom pomoču cevi 12 i 13, evakuisan otvaranjem ventila 14, koji se kasni je zatvara poSto evakuacija bude obavijena, a Sto se odreduje dostizanjem pritiska ključanja tečnosti za impregniranje. Pomoču vakuum pumpe 4, vazduh u rezervoaru 2 za impregniranje evakuiše se preko cevi 5, 12 i 25, a ventili 9 i 16 su otvoreni sve dok se potrebna evakuacija ne zavrSi. a onda se zatvaraju. Sav, ili gotovo sav. vazduh ili neki gas, je evakuisan iz oba rezervoara, rezervoara 2 za impregniranje i rezervoara 11 sa tečnošču, koji sada radi kao ekspanzioni rezervoar, a deo vazduha ili gasa biče takode potpuno uklonjen iz tečnosti 17 za impregni4 ranje, koja se nalazi u rezervoaru 11.The impregnable wood 1 is housed in an impregnation tank 2 that is air tight and pressure resistant. One or more elastic, soft tanks 3 are arranged inside the impregnation tank 2 (depending on the number, above wood 1, or above and on both sides, etc.). Prior to impregnation of wood 1, the air in the soft tank 3 was evacuated by means of a vacuum pump 4, and through pipes 5, 6, 7, and 8, while the valves 9, 10 in the pipes were opened. After the air has been evacuated, valve 10 closes. Thereafter, the fluid reservoir 11, connected to the vacuum pump by means of pipes 12 and 13, is evacuated by opening the valve 14, which is closed late after the evacuation has been completed, which is determined by reaching the boiling pressure. impregnating fluids. With the help of vacuum pump 4, the air in the impregnation tank 2 is evacuated through pipes 5, 12 and 25 and the valves 9 and 16 are opened until the required evacuation is completed. and then they close. All, or almost all. air or gas has been evacuated from both the impregnation tank 2 and the fluid reservoir 11, which now operates as an expansion tank, and some of the air or gas will also be completely removed from the impregnation fluid 17 contained in the tank 11 .

Impregniranje poCinje otvaranjem ventila IB i 19, koji omogučavaju punjenje rezervoara 2 za impregniranje teCnošču za impregniranje iz rezervoara 11, pri Cernu se rezervoar 11 teCnosti postavlja na nešto veču visinu od rezervoara 2 za impregniranje, kako bi se omogučilo da teCnost za impregniranje prelazi u rezervoar 2 pod dejstvom sile teže. Za vreme prelaza teCnosti, rezervoar 11 se evakuiše pomoču vakuum pumpe 4, dok su ventili 9 i 14 otvoreni sve do onog vremena kada pritisak gasa u tečnosti bude jednak pritisku gasa iznad tečnosti. Ventili 18 i 19 se zatim zatvaraju.The impregnation begins by opening the valves IB and 19, which allow the filling of the impregnation tank 2 to the impregnation fluid from the tank 11, at Black the liquid tank 11 is placed at a slightly higher height than the impregnation tank 2 to allow the impregnation fluid to flow into the tank 2 under the force of gravity. During the passage of the fluid, the tank 11 is evacuated by means of the vacuum pump 4, while the valves 9 and 14 are opened until the gas pressure in the liquid equals the gas pressure above the liquid. Valves 18 and 19 then close.

Od izvora P vazduha pod pritiskom, isti se uvodi kroz ventil 20 u meki rezervoar 3, koji se širi pod tim pritiskom unutar rezervoara 2, pri Cernu taj pritisak dostiže do 16 bara i više. Po završetku impregnacije, meki rezervoar 3 se povezuje sa vakuum pumpom i prazni.From a source P of pressurized air, it is introduced through a valve 20 into a soft reservoir 3, which expands under that pressure inside the reservoir 2, at Cern this pressure reaches up to 16 bar and more. Upon completion of impregnation, the soft reservoir 3 connects to the vacuum pump and empties.

Ako je materijal apsorbovao koliCinu teCnosti veču od optimalne, što se utvrduje nekom od poznatih tehnologija koje nisu predmet ovog pronalaska, ponovo se u rezervoaru 2 uspostavlja vakuum za izvlačenje viška teCnosti za impregniranje iz drveta.If the material has absorbed more than the optimum amount of fluid, which is determined by one of the known technologies which are not the subject of the present invention, a vacuum is re-established in the tank 2 to extract excess fluid for impregnation from wood.

Dimenzije pojedinih elemenata uredaja zavise isključivo od predvitfenog kapaciteta uredaja. ZajedniCko za te razliCito dimenzionisane uredaje jeste da je temperatura teCnosti za impregniranje oko 20°C, dok je pritisak oko 12 bar.The dimensions of individual device elements depend solely on the intended capacity of the device. Common to these differently sized devices is that the temperature of the impregnating fluid is about 20 ° C, while the pressure is about 12 bar.

Opisan i prikazan uredaj dat je samo kao primer i može se koristiti na više načina. Tako, na primer, može se ugraditi jedan pomerljiv klip umesto elastičnog suda radi smanjivanja zapremine i time povišenja pritiska u rezervoaru za impregniranje.The described and shown device is given as an example only and can be used in many ways. Thus, for example, one adjustable piston may be installed instead of an elastic vessel to reduce the volume and thereby increase the pressure in the impregnation tank.

Povišenje pritiska u rezervoaru 2 za impregniranje može se takode ostvariti.An increase in pressure in the impregnation tank 2 may also occur.

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Claims

PATENT

1. Wood impregnation apparatus ^ which impregnation tank into which wood 1 is placed, vacuum-generating equipment in the tank as well as tubes for supplying irrigation fluid to the tank 2 from il after evacuation, indicated by gauge, which is (2) for impregnation through pipes with valves <18, 19) with a fluid reservoir (11), and having the reservoir (11) (5, 12, 13) and valves <9, 14) 5 connected to a vacuum pump a reservoir (2) with a vacuum pump (4) connected via pipe (5 valves (9, 16)).

includes also the required venti1 has a reservoir reservoir connected to via a pipe (4), up to, 12, 15) and

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that a soft reservoir (3) is mounted in the impregnation tank (2), connected to a pressurized air pump (P) via a valve (20) and a pipe (8), and via a pipe (8, 7, 6, 5) and a valve (10, 9) connected to a vacuum pump (4).