SI24997A

SI24997A - A winch with a safety mechanism to stop the winding of the rope

Info

Publication number: SI24997A
Application number: SI201500132A
Authority: SI
Inventors: Franc PiĹˇek
Original assignee: PIĹ EK - VITLI KRPAN, d.o.o.
Priority date: 2015-05-22
Filing date: 2015-05-22
Publication date: 2016-11-30
Also published as: SI3095748T1; EP3095748A1; EP3095748B1

Abstract

Izum sodi v področje strojništva, natančneje v področje varnostnih naprav pri gozdarskih vitlih. Bistvo vitla z varnostnim mehanizmom za izklop navijanja vrvi je v tem, da izklop končnega stikala sproži potisni element, ki ga porine v končno stikalo vrtljivo vpeta podložka na nastavku vodila vrvi, ko nastavek končnika zaradi navijanja vlečne vrvi doseže podložko in jo porine v pokončen položaj. Mehanizem je lahko vgrajen v vitle z električnim, hidravličnim ali mehanskim upravljanjem funkcije navijanja in odvijanja vlečne vrvi z ali brez odvijalne vrvenice.The invention belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, more precisely to the field of safety devices for forestry winches. The core of the winch with the safety mechanism for turning the rope winding in is that the shut-off of the end switch is triggered by the pushing element pushed into the final switch by rotating the washer on the extension of the rope guide when the attachment of the endpiece reaches the washer by the winding of the tow rope and pushes it to the upright position . The mechanism may be incorporated in winches with an electric, hydraulic or mechanical control of the winding and unwinding function of the tow rope with or without a pulley.

Description

Vitel z varnostnim mehanizmom za izklop navijanja vrviWinch with safety mechanism to disengage the winding rope

Področje tehnikeThe field of technology

Izum sodi v področje strojništva, natančneje v področje varnostnih naprav pri gozdarskih vitlih.The invention belongs to the field of mechanical engineering, more specifically to the field of safety devices for forestry winches.

Tehnični problemA technical problem

Tehnični problem, ki ga pričujoči izum rešuje, je konstrukcija mehanizma za izklop oziroma prekinitev funkcije navijanja vrvi na boben vitla z električnim, hidravličnim ali mehanskim upravljanjem, vključno za vitle z ali brez gnane vrvenice. Pri navijanju vrvi na boben se velikokrat zgodi, da uporabnik ne izklopi funkcije navijanja dovolj zgodaj in se vrv zarije med plasti navojev na bobnu ali pa se odtrga zaključni, pripenjalni del iz vrvi. V obeh primerih je potrebno proces dela prekiniti in sanirati problem. Pogosto nastopi tudi trajno uničenje dela vrvi, še posebej, če jo potegne med plasti vrvi na bobnu in tako vrv stisne oz. trajno deformira. Tako dodatno trajno deformacijo se predvsem pri odvijanju vrvi reši z veliko vlečno silo, sicer vrvi ni možno odviti iz bobna. Če se vlečna vrv vitla ne ustavi pravočasno, se lahko poškoduje tudi kakšen konstrukcijski element vitla, največkrat je to vodilo žične vrvi na vrvenici.A technical problem to be solved by the present invention is the construction of a mechanism for switching off or interrupting the function of winding a rope on a winch drum with electrical, hydraulic or mechanical control, including for winches with or without driven rope. When winding a rope on the drum, it is often the case that the user does not switch off the winding function early enough and the rope is wound between the threading layers of the drum or the end of the rope is removed. In both cases, the work process must be interrupted and the problem repaired. Permanent destruction of a part of the rope often occurs, especially if it is pulled between the layers of the rope on the drum and thus squeezed or squeezed. deforms permanently. This extra permanent deformation is solved especially with the high tension of the rope, otherwise the rope cannot be unscrewed from the drum. If the winch's tow rope does not stop in a timely manner, some of the winch's structural members may be damaged, most often the wire rope guide on the rope.

Naloga in cilj izuma je taka konstrukcijska rešitev izklopa funkcije navijanja, ki bo omogočala varno delo z vitlom in preprečitev nastanka škode na strojih in opremi ter posledično zmanjšanje stroškov vzdrževanja vitla.The object and object of the invention is to provide a structural solution for turning off the winding function, which will enable the winch to be operated safely and to prevent damage to machinery and equipment and consequently to reduce the cost of maintaining the winch.

Znano stanje tehnikeThe prior art

Po slovenskem patentu št. 22855 je znana naprava za kontrolirano navijanje in odvijanje žične vrvi-pletenice, ki ima tipalo za nadzor položaja končnika-zaključka ali nastavljivega omejevala-podložke vlečnega konca pletenice in omogoča izklop vitla v primeru, če se vlečni konec pletenice s končnikom približa na določeno razdaljo k vodilnem ustju pletenice. Prostorsko oziroma tridimenzionalno prilagoditev žične vrvi, ki potuje preko škripca in vrvenice v ustje in končnik, uravnava nihajni nosilec vodilnihpotisnih koles, ki ju pritiskata dve vzmeti nastavljivi z vijakoma nihajnega nosilca. Hidravlični pogon ima poleg hidravličnega motorja, dušilni ventil in proti povratni ventil na povratnem vodu hidravličnega motorja.According to Slovenian patent no. 22855 is a known device for controlled winding and unwinding of a wire rope-braid, which has a sensor for controlling the position of the end-end or adjustable stop-washer of the pulling end of the braid and allows the winch to be switched off if the pulling end of the braid with the end approaches a certain distance to the guide mouth of the braid. The spatial or three-dimensional adjustment of the wire rope, which travels over the pulley and the cord into the mouth and the end, is controlled by the swinging carrier of the guide thrust wheels, which are pressed by two springs adjustable by the screws of the swinging carrier. In addition to the hydraulic motor, the hydraulic drive has a throttle valve and a non-return valve on the return line of the hydraulic motor.

Iz uporabnega modela DE 20 2013 105 782 U1 je znan vitel, ki ima na koncu vlečne vrvi gibljivo ročico z navojem, ki omogoča uporabniku vitla oprijem ročice in obenem ščiti uporabnika, da mu ne potegne roke v vodilo vlečne vrvi.From the utility model DE 20 2013 105 782 U1, a winch is known which has a threaded crank arm at the end of the tow rope that allows the winch user to grip the handle while protecting the wearer from extending his or her hand into the tow rope guide.

Iz uporabnega modela DE 20 2013 102 281 U1 je znana rešitev izklopa pogona vlečne vrvi, ko pride konec vrvi do nastavka vodila vrvi. Rešitev je zasnovana na oddajniku v obliki RFID čipa, ki je nameščen v končniku. Opisan je tudi izvedbeni primer z dvema oddajnikoma, pri čemer je eden na končniku, drugi pa pred koncem vrvi. Po tej znani rešitvi je možno s potenciometrom nastaviti točko izklopa oz. pri kateri razdalji končnica do škripca se pogon izklopi samodejno. Sprejemnik je nameščen na vitel. Pomanjkljivost te rešitve je v tem, da je lahko delovanje nameščenih oddajnikov na vrvi oz. končniku zaradi delovnih pogojev, kjer je veliko umazanije, blata, praha, vlage, snega in leda nezanesljivo oziroma moteno.From the utility model DE 20 2013 102 281 U1, a known solution is to disengage the tow rope drive when the rope end reaches the rope guide extension. The solution is based on a transmitter in the form of an RFID chip, which is installed in the end piece. An embodiment with two transmitters is also described, one at the end and the other before the end of the rope. According to this known solution, it is possible to adjust the cut-off point with the potentiometer. at which distance the extension to the pulley drives off automatically. The receiver is mounted on the winch. The disadvantage of this solution is that the operation of the installed transmitter on the rope or. finish due to working conditions where a lot of dirt, mud, dust, moisture, snow and ice is unreliable or disturbed.

Pri vitlih, ki so dostopne na trgu ni rešitev, ki bi omogočale izklop delovanja vitla, ko se vlečna vrv navije do konca in pride do vhodne pozicije v vodilu vrvi. Pri vitlih družbe VITLI KRPAN kot tudi družbe Uniforest je na koncu vrvi pred zaključkom vrvi v obliki pripenjalne zanke okrogla ploščica, ki se nasloni na vodilo vrvi, če je vrv navita do konca. Ta ploščica je sicer koristna za vizualno pozicioniranje vlečne vrvi v relaciji do vodila vrvi, vendar pa se v praksi zatika za veje in morebitne ovire, ki so na terenu pri uporabi vitla.There are no solutions available on winches available on the market that would allow the winch to be shut off when the tow rope winds to the end and the entry position in the rope guide is reached. In the case of VITLI KRPAN winches as well as Uniforest, a circular plate rests on the end of the rope before the end of the rope in the form of a fastening loop, which rests on the rope guide when the rope is wound up to the end. This tile is useful for visually positioning the tow rope relative to the rope guide, but in practice it sticks to the branches and possible obstacles in the field when using the winch.

Prej navedene poznane rešitve ne rešujejo izklopa delovanja vitla, če se vlečna vrv navije do konca, kot je to v pričujočem izumu, ki posredno preko vmesnega dela na vrvi ali neposredno z zaključkom vrvi povzroči v končni legi navitja vrvi njeno zaustavitev.The aforementioned known solutions do not resolve the shutdown of the winch if the tow rope is wound up completely, as in the present invention, which indirectly through the intermediate part on the rope or directly by the end of the rope causes the rope to stop in the final position of the winding.

Opis rešitve tehničnega problemaDescription of solution to a technical problem

Bistvo vitla z varnostnim mehanizmom za izklop navijanja vrvi je v tem, da v končni legi zaključni del vlečne vrvi neposredno ali posredno preko vmesnega dela povzroči preklop končnega stikala, ki ustavi pogon bobna z vrvjo. Izklop končnega stikala sproži potisni element, ki ga porine v končno stikalo vrtljivo vpeta podložka na nastavku vodila vrvi, ko nastavek končnika zaradi navijanja vlečne vrvi doseže podložko in jo porine v pokončen položaj. Mehanizem je lahko vgrajen v vitle z električnim, hidravličnim ali mehanskim upravljanjem funkcije navijanja in odvijanja vlečne vrvi z ali brez odvijalne vrvenice.The point of the winch with a safety mechanism for shutting down the rope winding is that in the end position, the end part of the tow rope, directly or indirectly via the intermediate part, causes the limit switch to stop, which stops the drive of the drum with the rope. Disengaging the limit switch is triggered by a thrust element, which is pushed into the end switch by a rotatably fastened washer on the extension of the rope guide when the end piece reaches the washer due to the winding of the tow rope and pushes it upright. The mechanism may be integrated into winches with electrical, hydraulic or mechanical control of the function of winding and unwinding of the tow rope, with or without a retractor.

Vitel z varnostnim mehanizmom za izklop navijanja vrvi po izumu bo v nadaljevanju podrobneje opisan s pomočjo slike 1.The winch with the safety mechanism for disconnecting the winding of the rope according to the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to Figure 1.

Vlečna vrv je preko podajalne roke vrtljivo vpeta iz notranje strani v ogrodje vitla ali ohišja bobna pravokotno glede na os bobna in niha vzdolž vzdolžne osi bobna, pri čemer je žična vrv vodena preko usmerjevalnih kolutov proti izstopni odprtini na delu vitla. Na zunanji strani ogrodja gozdarskega vitla je okoli vertikalne ose vrtljivo vpeta konzola 1 z ohišjem 2a odvijalne vrvenice 2. Na ohišje 2a z vrvenico 2 je okoli vodoravne osi vrtljivo vpeto vodilo 3 vlečne vrvi 4. Na nosilcu vodila 3 je pritrjeno ohišje 10a s končnim stikalom 10 in vodilom 5a s potisnim elementom 5, ki je v dosegu podložke 6 s spodnjim delom 6a vrtljivo vpete v osi 3a' nastavka 3a. Stranica 6b podložke 6 ima v sredini odprtino 6b', skozi katero drsi vlečna vrv 4. Odprtina 6b' je lahko katerekoli oblike, prednostno okrogle ali ovalne oblike. Na vrvi 4 je pritrjen končnik 7 z nastavkom 7a na strani podložke 6 in vpenjalo 8 za verigo. Med končnikom 7 in podložko 6 je lahko tudi eden ali več elementov 9 za pritrditev verige.The draw rope is pivotally coupled from the inside to the winch frame or drum housing perpendicular to the axis of the drum and oscillates along the longitudinal axis of the drum, the wire rope being guided through the guide wheels toward the exit opening on the winch portion. On the outside of the winch frame, a console 1 with a housing 2a of a retractor 2 is rotatably pivoted about a vertical axis. A housing 3 of a draw rope 4 is rotated about a horizontal axis about the horizontal axis 4. 10 and a guide 5a with a thrust element 5 rotatably engaged in the axis 3a 'of the nozzle 3a within the reach of the washer 6 with the lower part 6a. The face 6b of the washer 6 has an aperture 6b 'in the middle through which a pull rope 4 slides. The opening 6b' can be of any shape, preferably round or oval. A rope 7 is attached to the rope 4 with a retainer 7a on the side of the washer 6 and a chain clamp 8. There may also be one or more chain fastening elements 9 between the end 7 and the washer 6.

Uporabnik pri delu z vitlom najprej preko kardanske gredi traktorja omogoči delovanje bobna z vrvjo, kot tudi delovanje mehansko-hidravličnega sistema vitla. Po vklopu stikala se vrv 4 preko vrvenice 2 odvije do porušenega drevesa, ki ga preko vpenjala 8 ter po potrebi preko dodatnih vpenjalnih elementov 9 pričvrsti z verigo. Po tem se z vklopom navijanja vlečne vrvi na boben začne krajšati vrv 4, ki s seboj vleče tudi privezani tovor. Postopek traja dokler uporabnik ne prekine funkcije navijanja vrvi 4 na • · boben. Če uporabnik iz kakršnegakoli razloga pozabi kontrolirati pozicijo vrvi 4 s tovorom in se končnik 7 približa stranici 6b podložke 6 toliko, da le-to potisne v pravokotni položaj, bo stranica 6b podložke 6 pritisnila potisni element 5 v stikalo 10, ki bo izklopil navijanje vrvi oziroma pogon bobna. Pri različnih izvedbah vitlov je pogon navijalne in/ali odvijalne vrvenice lahko krmiljen z električnim ali hidravličnim tokokrogom. V enostavnejših izvedbah vitla je pogon navijalne in/ali odvijalne vrvenice izveden mehansko preko verig in zobnikov. Mehanizem za izklop funkcije navijanja vrvi je lahko uporabljen v vseh zgoraj navedenih izvedbah vitlov. Vlečna vrv 4 je prednostno jeklena vrv, lahko pa je iz katerakoli materiala, zlasti sintetične vrvi.When using the winch, the user first enables the operation of the rope drum as well as the mechanical-hydraulic winch system through the tractor's PTO shaft. After switching on the switch, the rope 4 is pulled through the rope 2 to the collapsed tree, which is secured to the chain via the clamp 8 and, if necessary, through the additional clamping elements 9. After that, by turning on the winding of the tow rope on the drum, the rope 4 begins to shorten, which also pulls the tethered load. The process takes until the user interrupts the winding function of rope 4 on the drum. If, for any reason, the user forgets to control the position of the rope 4 with the load and the end 7 approaches the side 6b of the washer 6 so that it is pushed into a rectangular position, the side 6b of the washer 6 will press the thrust element 5 into the switch 10, which will switch off the winding of the rope that is, the drum drive. For different winches, the drive of the winding and / or retractor rope can be controlled by an electrical or hydraulic circuit. In simpler embodiments of the winch, the drive of the winding and / or unwinding rope is mechanically actuated via chains and gears. The rope wind-down mechanism can be used in all winches described above. The tow rope 4 is preferably a steel rope, but may be of any material, especially synthetic rope.

Vitel z varnostnim mehanizmom za izklop navijanja vrvi po izvedbenem primeru I ima podložko 6 nameščeno v spodnji del nastavka 3a s pomočjo najmanj ene ali več vzmeti, ki držijo podložko 6 na distanci od potisnega elementa 5. Ko nastavek 7a končnika 7 potisne podložko 6 se potisni element 5 potisne v končno stikalo 10, ki prekine navijanje vrvi 4 na boben.The winch with the safety mechanism for disconnecting the winding of rope according to embodiment I has a washer 6 mounted in the lower part of the nozzle 3a by means of at least one or more springs which hold the washer 6 at a distance from the thrust element 5. When the nozzle 7a of the end 7 is pushed the thrust 6 the element 5 is pushed into the end switch 10, which interrupts the winding of the rope 4 onto the drum.

Vitel z varnostnim mehanizmom za izklop navijanja vrvi po izvedbenem primeru II ima na potisnem elementu 5 nameščeno podložko 6, ki jo nastavek 7a končnika 7 ob skrajnji poziciji vlečne vrvi 4 potisne, kar povzroči tudi potisk elementa 5 v končno stikalo 10 ter prekinitev navijanja vrvi 4 na boben.The winch with the safety mechanism for disconnecting the rope winding according to embodiment II has a washer 6 mounted on the thrust element 5, which is pushed by the nozzle 7a of the end 7 at the extreme position of the draw rope 4, which also causes the thrust of the element 5 into the end switch 10 and interrupts the winding of the rope 4 on the drum.

Vitel z varnostnim mehanizmom za izklop navijanja vrvi po izvedbenem primeru III ima tako oblikovan nastavek 7a kočnika 7, da ob skrajnji poziciji vlečne vrvi 4 potisne element 5 v končno stikalo 10, ki prekine navijanje vrvi 4. Oblika nastavka 7a je lahko poljubna, prednostno ovalna, okrogla ali pravokotna in je dimenzionirana tako, da omogoča potisk elementa 5.The winch with the safety mechanism for disconnecting the winding rope according to embodiment III has a brake 7 such as that formed 7 that, at the extreme position of the tow rope 4, it pushes the element 5 into the end switch 10, which interrupts the winding of the rope 4. The shape of the attachment 7a may be arbitrary, preferably oval. , circular or rectangular and dimensioned to allow element 5 to be pushed.

Predlagana rešitev s samodejnim izklopom končnega stikala, ko je vrv navita do konca, preprečuje nepredvidene dogodke, ki bi lahko poškodovali vitel in pripadajočo opremo. Mehanizem za izklop navijanja vrvi je lahko nameščen na zgornji ali spodnji vrvenici in je primeren za vitle z električnim, hidravličnim ali mehanskim upravljanjem funkcije navijanja in odvijanja vlečne vrvi ter so z ali brez odvijalne vrvenice za odvijanje vrvi iz bobna. Prednost te rešitve je tudi v tem, da je praktično neobčutljiva v težkih delovnih • · pogojih kjer je veliko umazanije, blata, praha, vlage, snega in leda, saj nič ni nameščeno na vrvi, ker je nameščeno na zgornji in/ali spodnji vrvenici.The proposed solution by automatically switching off the limit switch, when the rope is wound up to the end, prevents unforeseen events that could damage the winch and associated equipment. The rope winding disconnect mechanism may be located on the top or bottom rope and is suitable for winches with electrical, hydraulic or mechanical control of the function of winding and unwinding of the tow rope and, with or without a reel rope unscrewing rope. The advantage of this solution is that it is virtually insensitive in harsh environments where there is a lot of dirt, mud, dust, moisture, snow and ice, since nothing is placed on the rope because it is placed on the top and / or bottom rope .

Prednost mehanizma po izumu je tudi v tem, da je vrv brez dodatnega gibljivega elementa, ki se običajno pri delu z vitlom zatika med veje in druge ovire, ki se najdejo na poti vrvi. Vsi elementi, ki zagotavljajo zanesljiv izklop, so nameščeni v sklopu zgornje ali spodnje vrvenice. Na vitlu je lahko nameščena le zgornja vrvenica ali pa ji je dodana še spodnja vrvenica in je lahko varnostni mehanizem nameščen tudi na njej. Večinoma se uporablja zgornja vrvenica, spodnja vrvenica pa se uporabi tedaj, kadar se vlečejo večja bremena, saj se smernica vlečne sile prestavi bližje tlom in s je tem doseženo neprimerno bolj stabilno vlečenje, saj ni nevarnosti, da bi zaradi teže bremena dvignilo traktor. Z uporabo spodnje vrvenice pa se minimizira možnost nesreče traktorja in vitla. Spodnja vrvenica se aktivira tako, da se namesti vlečna vrv na spodnjo vrvenico.The advantage of the mechanism according to the invention is that the rope is without an additional movable element, which is usually wedged between the branches and other obstacles found in the rope path when working with the winch. All elements that provide a reliable shutdown are located in the top or bottom assembly. Only the top rope may be mounted on the winch or a lower rope may be added to it and a safety mechanism may also be fitted to it. For the most part, the upper rope is used and the lower rope is used when larger loads are being towed, since the traction force is shifted closer to the ground and thus results in a much more stable traction as there is no risk of lifting the tractor due to the weight of the load. Using the bottom rope minimizes the possibility of tractor and winch accidents. The lower rope is activated by attaching the tow rope to the lower rope.

Claims

A winch having a safety mechanism for shutting down the rope winding, characterized in that in the end position, the end part of the towing rope directly or indirectly through the intermediate part causes the switch of the end switch to stop the drive of the rope drum.

2. A winch with a safety mechanism for turning off the rope winding according to claim 1, characterized in that the end switch is any switching element such as a position sensor, preferably an inductive sensor, a mechanically controlled hydraulic valve, or any other element that causes a switch of the hydraulic or electrical state. the drum circuit from on to off.

A winch with a safety rope cut-off mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that the rope cut-off mechanism is mounted on winches with electrical, hydraulic or mechanical control of the function of winding and unwinding of the tow rope and with or without a retracting rope ropes from the drum.

A winch having a safety mechanism for rope winding off according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the rope winding shut off mechanism is mounted on the top or bottom ropes of the zero.

A winch with a safety mechanism for disconnecting the winding rope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a bracket (1) with a housing (2a) of the retractor rope (2) is rotated on the outside of the winch frame around the vertical axis; that a guide (3) of a draw rope (4) is rotatably mounted on a housing (2a) with a string (2) about a horizontal axis; that a housing (10) is provided with a housing (10a) with an end switch (10) and a guide (5a) with a pusher element (5) that is rotatable in the reach of the side (6b) of the washer (6) with the lower part (6a) clamped in the axis (3a ') of the attachment (3a); that the side (6b) of the washers (6) in the middle has an opening (6b ') through which the tow rope (4) slides; that the opening (6b ') can be of any shape, preferably round or oval; that a rope (7) is attached to the rope (4) with a nozzle (7a) on the side of the washer (6) and a chain clip (8);

* · · ·

Med that between the end (7) and the washer (6) may be one or more elements (9) for securing the chain.

6. A winch with a safety mechanism for shutting off the rope winding according to any one of them

5 claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the washer (6) is mounted in the lower part of the nozzle (3a) by means of at least one or more springs which hold the washer (6) at a distance from the thrust element (5); that when the nozzle (7a) of the end piece (7) pushes the washer (6), it pushes the thrust element (5) into the end switch (10) which interrupts the winding of the rope (4) onto the drum.

Winch with a safety mechanism for shutting down the rope winding according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a washer (6) is mounted on the thrust element (5) which is fitted by the brake (7) attachment (7a) at the extreme position pushes the draw rope (4), which also causes the push element (5) to be pushed into the limit switch (10), and

15 breaks the winding of the rope (4) onto the drum.

A winch with a safety mechanism for disconnecting the winding rope according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it has a brake nozzle (7a) formed in such a way that it pushes the element (5) at the extreme position of the tow rope (4). into the limit switch (10) which

20 interrupts the winding of the rope (4) onto the drum; that the shape of the attachment (7a) is arbitrary, preferably oval, circular or rectangular, and is sized to allow the element (5) to be pushed.