SI24427A - Notched insulation panel, procedure of equalizing vapour pressure and installation procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

The insulation plate with the notches, the procedure for the equilibrium of the vapor pressure and the assembly process solves the technical problem of the construction of the façade, which is made over substrates that contain a lot of moisture (building moisture, moisture capillary rises along peripheral walls, floor or meteor water or other moisture). The invention relates to the implementation of a system of contact insulating façades containing special thermal insulation panels with notches. This makes it possible to equalize the vapor pressure inside the enclosed façade, thereby simultaneously establishing a uniform flow of moisture through the external construction assemblies. This problem is especially noticeable in cases where the substrates on which the facade layers are installed provide high moisture (building moisture, moisture of the capillary lift along the peripheral walls, floor or meteoric water or other moisture) or when we continue to work too fast and the pre-layers can not effectively dry.

Description

A technical problem solved by the present invention is the construction of facades made over substrates containing a lot of moisture (building moisture, moisture of capillary rise along peripheral walls, ground or meteoric water or other moisture). In this case, the technical problem is the release of moisture through the entire surface of the facade into the surrounding area.

The state of the art

The facade is not only protective or decoration of the building, but at the same time provides a comfortable climate in the room, reducing energy consumption, thereby protecting the environment and reducing CO ₂ equivalent emissions. It is therefore an uncompromising, life-saving investment that brings daily savings.

ETICS systems are constructed in such a way that all visible finishes of plasters and coatings are applied directly to thermal insulation, without any intermediate • air or other layer. The thermal insulation panels themselves are glued and often with special anchors attached to the outer perimeter wall, most often of brick, reinforced concrete, foam concrete and the like. From the physical and physical point of view, the solution is not the best, since it is difficult to expect excellent water repellency and simultaneous vapor permeability from the final layers.

For the purposes of this patent application, the contact insulation façade is therefore a system of the building's external thermal envelope, where thermal insulation is glued or mechanically attached directly to the outer wall, and the thermal insulation itself is applied in thin layers of basic and finishing decorative plasters, which offer the facade monolithicity without joint slots , joints and related problems. First of all, such facades reduce the cost of heating and, at the same time, have an elegant and rich surface, with the possibility of great design and color expression and contain the latest experience in the development of engineering, both construction, mechanics, construction physics and chemistry.

Since in most cases contact insulation façades mean additional thermal protection means only an additional financial contribution to the greater thickness of thermal insulation, these are by far the best investments in energy saving. According to experience, every additional inch of thermal insulation is only a 2% higher investment in the entire façade system with all materials, work and rental of the façade scaffold. All other measures (eg heating systems, solar panels, joinery and the like) require a significantly larger investment and, as a rule, have a shorter lifespan.

The technical problem cited has been solved in the past with partial solutions. The solution was shown as the installation of high-vapor-permeable thermal insulation panels, which would solve the technical problem, but the thermal insulation panels alone cannot be left on the façade, so such solutions do not check the impact throughout the system. Likewise, all known systems do not freely allow the redistribution of excess steam under the façade cladding (only the passage of moisture locally under the area of individual holes is facilitated. These known solutions can be found, for example, at Sant Gobain, Weber, Terranova, Kremšnit, www.weber -terranova.si, Bau Mit, Baumit Open product, www.baumit.si • · • · ·

Description of the new solution

The notch panel, the vapor pressure equalization procedure and the assembly process solve the technical problem of the construction of façades made over substrates containing a lot of moisture (construction moisture, moisture of capillary rise along peripheral walls, ground or meteoric water or other moisture). The solution according to the invention comprises deep notches in the side of the panel facing the wall. According to an embodiment, the notches are made in substantially one direction, or in substantially several directions, preferably two, approximately orthogonal directions.

Notches quoted have two beneficial effects. The first advantageous effect is the flow of steam below the surface of the plate and, consequently, the balancing of the diffusion of steam and the prevention of the position when the steam would flow more at one point and less at another. Another advantageous effect is to adjust the board to the planes in the base. Insulating panels made of polystyrene, polyurethane or other insulating materials allow the plate to be locally recessed in a location that is facing the base, while maintaining a substantially smooth face on the other (sideways).

The panels are optionally at the edges open to the surroundings, allowing not only diffusion, but in some cases already convection of steam from the substrate and intense drying.

The notches are deep at least 15% of the average thickness of the façade panels and preferably more, preferably more than 40%, but not more than 85% of the thickness, preferably not more than 75% of the thickness. By reducing the notch depth, the steam flows and the rate of equalization of the vapor pressure decrease, and the notch depth decreases the strength of the slab. The figures presented here represent a compromise between the two mechanisms described.

The use of new panels avoids problems that arise in the case of fresh structures with increased amounts of installed or bonded moisture, incorrect designs with increased (condensing) moisture levels, or in the case of renovation of existing buildings with the presence of capillary or other moisture. With such a system, we are much more protected from possible local wetting of the walls as a result of damage to installations, spills • • • • • · · · water and as a result of minor defects in the building physical design or construction. Because this way moisture can cross the environment without stopping or accumulating in the wall beforehand, we can use the panels of the present invention to dry the structure. Although drying is neither rapid nor extremely intense, it is continuous in terms of surface vapor permeability.

This enables equalization of the vapor pressures within the closed facade, thus at the same time establishing a uniform moisture flow across the surface through the exterior structural assemblies into the surroundings.

The facade panels of the present invention can be used as an alternative in all existing expanded polystyrene (EPS) or STIROPORA contact insulation façade systems, since the surface of the new panel on the façade completion wall is exactly the same as the existing panels while the back of the panel faces the wall surface in vertical and horizontal directions of additional ventilation ducts that allow for an ideal equalization of vapor pressures. At the same time, due to the deep notches and channels, the moisture transfer coefficient 'μ * is also reduced (from 35 to less than 18, depending on the size, depth and arrangement of the ventilation ducts).

The great advantage of the innovative panel according to the invention is also the extreme flexibility (reduced stiffness), which allows good adjustment to uneven substrates. As the thickness of the façade panels has been increasing recently, especially for the sake of energy conservation, new panels with their great flexibility are proving to be an advantage in such cases.

Equalization of vapor pressures and thus free passage of steam from the structure to the surroundings. Structures can be drained without retaining or even accumulating water vapor. Since the notches are on the side of the wall, evening the vapor pressure is possible behind the facade, despite the fact that a facade adhesive is installed at this location. This equalization is possible through continuous deep vents (channels) on the back of the innovative panel.

Such a façade is significantly more resistant to damage caused by local condensation of water vapor. With this system, it is possible to equalize the vapor pressures from behind the facade layers and, consequently, much easier condensation moisture output through the entire facade surface to the surroundings, thanks to the equalization of the internal vapor pressures with the external vapor pressure. The high humidity area of the building can be effectively drained by means of a diffusely open contact facade.

It enables the construction of the façade on sensitive substrates, fresh surfaces, during rehabilitation, and due to moisture, capillary moisture in the walls, passage of meteoric or ground water and moisture, due to damage to the installation lines, damaged substrates. Also on foam or lightweight concrete substrates, perlite and the like.

The possibility of using thick facades, especially insulation panels. Façade panels have recently been increasing in thickness, mainly to save energy and reduce environmental burden. Thus, facades with thicknesses of 20, 30 cm and more are not uncommon. It is precisely for such thicknesses that we need a more flexible plate base, which is harder because of the increasing thickness because the plates are too rigid.

Due to the reduced rigidity of the individual panels according to the invention, an exceptional ability to adapt to all substrates is ensured. This avoids the problems of built-in delayed stresses after installation, bending out of the facade plane, curvature of the panels, installing and moving the panels before bonding the adhesive mortar, easier alignment during the installation phase. The flexibility is so pronounced that the board can easily adapt to imperfections, rough surfaces and similar substrates.

Computational simulations and practical measurements have shown that a maximum of 3% decrease in thermal conductivity is expected (thermal conductivity is denoted by the Greek letter 'λ' (lambda), unit: W / (m K)).

The vapor permeability (μ) of the panel according to the invention is less than 18 and depends on the size, depth and arrangement of the ventilation ducts, while this value is 30 to 35 for conventional panels.

After installation, there is no airflow through the notches and consequently an increase in thermal transmittance. The notches in the manufacturing process and the assembly process are generally offset relative to the adjacent panels (it is impossible and unnecessary to mount the facade panels by continuing the notches between adjacent panels continuously). Using the façade system under patent protection, there is no airflow but only equalization of higher vapor pressures. Properly executed facade is closed on all sides, both from below, above and around all window and door openings and other openings. Despite the vapor barrier layer, an airtight wall can be made in both transverse and longitudinal directions, which is even more important for low energy (NEH), zero energy (near-O-energy) and passive houses (PH). The newly developed system cannot in any way be considered a 'background ventilated facade' system, that is, a facade that would be ventilated from behind thermal insulation when viewed from the outside of the wall. In such a case, thermal insulation, both practically and computationally, would fall dramatically.

Figure 1 shows a façade panel with a face facing away from the base. The notches facing the base are visible. Figure 2 shows a facade panel with a noticeable face that rests on the base, especially the outer wall. Notches are visible which, in the embodiment, are made in such a way that they extend in several directions. In both sketches, the arrows indicate the directions of flow of the notches, which act as narrow channels (regardless of their capillary properties due to the small cross - section.

For INTECH-LES, Development Center, d.o.o.

Dr. Jure Mam, patent attorney

Claims (6)

1. Insulation panel with notches, which can be attached to the substrate, for the manufacture of a thermally insulated sheath, preferably of buildings, preferably an insulating panel of substantially rigid insulating material, preferably polyurethane or polystyrene, the insulating panel having two sides, front facing away from the base and the back facing towards the base, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of notches, with notches being made to the side of the panel facing the base, and further, the notches being at least 15% deep but not exceeding 85% of panel thickness. Insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the notches are at least 15% deep in the panel but do not exceed 85% of the panel thickness. Insulation board according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the notches run approximately parallel, in about one direction. Insulation panel according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the notches flow in substantially several directions, such that the notches flowing in substantially one direction are approximately parallel, preferably the notches intersect approximately perpendicularly. 5. A process for equalizing the vapor pressure below the surface of an insulating facade performed with insulating panels according to any of the preceding claims. A method for making an overlay facade with insulating panels according to any one of claims 1 to 4.