ES2875740T3 - Modeling element for exterior façade thermal insulation system, its manufacturing procedure, insulation system and its implementation procedure - Google Patents

Abstract

Modeling element for an external thermal insulation system for facades ("External Thermal Insulation Composite System, ETICS") comprising: a. a nucleus, b. a coating that covers at least the apparent surface of the core when it is placed on a facade, possibly a finishing layer, characterized in that the core is made of at least one thermally insulating and non-combustible material, chosen from mineral foams, foam concrete, foam mortar, foam glass, glass wool, rock wool, silica airgel, wolastonite, vermiculite, plaster, Staff, their combinations and the compounds made from said materials; the core having a single density, said density, expressed in kg / m3 which is between [50-400]; preferably between [60-300]; and more preferably even between [80-200].

Description

DESCRIPTION

Modeling element for exterior façade thermal insulation system, its manufacturing procedure, insulation system and its implementation procedure

Technical sector

The technical field of the invention is that of thermal insulation of facades from the outside.

The present invention refers to a model element for a thermal insulation system for exterior facades, which comprises a thermally insulating and non-combustible material. The present invention aims to provide an aesthetic appearance to a thermal insulation system on the outside in accordance with the building fire regulations.

State of the art

External thermal insulation systems (called ETICS for "Externa! Thermal Insulation Composite System") are normally expanded polystyrene insulating panels covered with a thin subcoat reinforced and covered with a thick paint coating (RPE). This complex is glued or embedded / nailed to the wall and ensures thermal insulation, watertightness and general aesthetics. The objective of an ETICS system is to eliminate heat losses at the level of the façades and therefore create an "envelope" that ensures continuity of insulation, an effective protection against the formation of fissures of the coatings by accentuating the quantity of the façade materials and preserving the relevant properties in the field of gaseous exchanges.

Due to the combustible nature of the polystyrene conventionally used for the insulation of ETICS facades, the fire regulations impose a certain number of requirements to be fulfilled (Technical Instruction No. 249 relative to facades), especially for the application of the protection solution for linear bands, in order to prevent the spread of fire on the facades. The linear bands are horizontal protection bands located above each opening in the façade, composed of a rock mineral wool insulation. These strips of identical thickness to that of the insulating panels that cover the façade are glued on their surface and mechanically fixed at the middle of the strip. To avoid the risk of cracking in the coating, at the junction between the linear strip and the expanded polystyrene, it is advisable to use as a complement a glass fiber reinforcement that is projected on both sides of the strip onto the expanded polystyrene.

The fire regulations therefore impose the precise requirements for the realization of ETICS facades, these rules not being necessarily compatible with the aesthetic aspect of the architecture of the building. In fact, it requires that on a façade comprising horizontal linear bands, decorative profiles should not be placed above these linear bands, unless they present a Euroclass of at least A2-s3, d0 according to the NF EN 13501-1 standard.

Decorative profiles are ornamentation elements intended to be mounted on a surface such as a facade to form reliefs such as bands, frames, plinths, etc. (Also known as "modem elements"). By "profiled" we mean an element of elongated shape and constant profile.

Conventionally, the modeling elements are lightweight expanded polystyrene profiles that are glued or embedded / interlocked on the supports, and then coated with a paint / coating. The modem elements are not considered as structural elements, that is to say that it is their insulating support which in itself ensures the function of insulation and sealing. For example, patent application FR2859131 A1 describes a modeling element comprising a polystyrene or expanded polyurethane core, covered with a coating and comprising a grid or a plate embedded in the thickness of a part of the core and / or the coating. , ensuring the durability of the set. This type of modeling element has the drawback of being made of a combustible material.

There is therefore a real need today, to have a profiled-type modeling element that is made of a non-combustible material, so that it comes to partially or totally replace the linear bands while providing an aesthetic and which contributes to the thermal insulation of the facades.

Object of the invention

In this context, the technical problem originating from the present invention is to satisfy at least one of the objectives listed below:

- provide a modeling element for an ETICS system, which has fireproof properties, or in other words, add a new fireproof function to the modeling element, without prejudice to its decoration function,

- provide a simple to use modeling element for ETICS,

- provide an aesthetic replacement solution to linear risers that are intended to limit the spread of fire,

- provide a model element that can be easily manufactured,

- provide a method of manufacturing the model element as mentioned above that is economical,

- provide a system of thermal insulation of facades on the outside by using the element mentioned above,

- Provide a procedure for the realization of an ETICS system that includes the aforementioned model element.

Brief description of the invention

All or part of the aforementioned objectives are achieved by the present invention which refers, according to the first of its aspects, to a model element for a thermal insulation system for exterior facades according to claim 1.

One of the merits of the inventors is to have combined the technical aspect of protection against the propagation of fires by the use of an insulating material such as glass wool, with the aesthetic aspect of a model. This model element has the following advantages in particular:

i) it allows to replace both the linear bands and the models, thus simplifying the procedure of realization of an aesthetic ETICS system;

ii) it can be manufactured industrially, for example by machining, and its production can be standardized or made to measure according to market demand;

iii) it is simple to use since it is “ready to place” and it is inexpensive;

iv) it can be integrated into any ETICS system, whether in a new building or under renovation;

v) is compatible with a multiplicity of surface coatings;

vi) it is compatible with fire regulations and can be used for any work subject to regulations: collective accommodation, schools, hospitals, establishments that receive the public, etc .;

vii) It can take any shape depending on the desire for the aesthetic appearance to be conferred on the façade. The present invention also aims at the method of manufacturing the model element defined above, which comprises the following steps:

i. cutting an insulating and thermally non-combustible material, in order to obtain a core a .;

ii. possibly application of at least one layer of subcoat followed possibly by application of a fiberglass mat;

iii. application of at least one coating layer on the apparent surface of the core obtained in step I or II, preferably with a coating chosen from the group comprising, ideally constituted by: coating of the acrylic or vinyl type ready-to-use paste, a Mineral glue mortar to mix with water, an acrylic paste coating to mix with cement, a base product for paint or epoxy-based resin, polyurethane, acrylic, vinyl or xylosanic;

iv. drying of the coating layer applied in step iii;

v. possibly, realization of a top coat, preferably a coat of paint;

saw. steps ii to v which are possibly performed after core placement a. on the facade.

According to a third of its aspects, the present invention refers to a thermal insulation system for exterior facades, characterized in that it is provided with at least one element of moderation as described above.

According to a quarter of its aspects, the present invention refers to a method of realizing a thermal insulation system for exterior facades as defined above, consisting essentially of: 1.1. place insulating panels on the façade with the help of any appropriate fixing means;

1.2. place modem elements according to the invention, preferably by replacing all or part of the linear bands that are intended to limit the spread of fire on the façade, said façade placement being carried out with the help of any appropriate fixing means, in particular through plugs

1.3. possibly place linear bands that are intended to limit the spread of fire on the façade; 1.4. possibly apply an identical or different coating on the insulating panels and / or on the elements of the model and / or on the possible linear bands.

Definitions

Throughout the present description, any singular indifferently designates a singular or a plural.

The definitions given below by way of examples may serve to interpret the present description.

By "insulating" material, it is meant that the material has a thermal conductivity A of less than 0.065 W / m.K. By "non-combustible" material it is understood that the material has a Euroclass A1 according to the NF EN 13501.1 standard. By "composite" is meant any material made up of at least two constituents whose respective qualities complement each other to form a material of improved overall performance.

By “linear band” we refer to the term introduced in Technical Instruction 249 regarding facades (Order of May 24, 2010).

Detailed description of the invention

The element of modernity

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the modeling element according to claim 1 comprises:

to. a core made of at least one thermally insulating and non-combustible material,

b. a cladding that covers at least the apparent surface of the core when it is placed on a facade,

c. possibly a top coat.

The nucleus a.

Advantageously, the thermally insulating and non-combustible material has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.065 w / m.K. and presents a Euroclass A1 according to the NF EN 13501-1 standard, said material being chosen from the group that comprises, ideally constituted by: mineral foams, concrete foam, mortar foam, glass foam, glass wool, rock wool, perlite, silica airgel, wollastonite, vermiculite, plaster, Staff, their combinations and the compounds made from said materials; Rock wool according to the NF EN 13162 standard being particularly preferred.

Advantageously, the material has all or part of the technical characteristics of insulating materials in the same way, that is:

- a thickness tolerance according to the NF EN 823 standard equal to T5;

- a compressive strength according to standard NF EN 826 less than or equal to 30;

- dimensional stability under conditions of temperature and humidity specified in standard NF EN 1604 equal to DS (TH);

- a tensile strength perpendicular to the faces according to standard NF EN 1607, TR less than 10;

- a short-term water absorption by partial immersion according to standard NF EN 1609 equal to WS.

The choice of the material that constitutes the core a. It is important since it must allow the use of the modernity element on the exterior façade, without its technical characteristics being affected by significant meteorological restrictions: exposure to the elements, high temperatures in summer, strong variations in heat, while complying with its Fireproof material paper to prevent the spread of fire.

The nucleus a. it has a single density, said density, expressed in kg / m3 being comprised in the following ranges given in increasing order of preference: [10-1000]; [20-800]; [30-600]; [40-500]; [50-400]; [60-300]; [80-200].

By material having a single density, it is meant a material consisting of a single and single layer of equal density throughout the volume of the material, as opposed to bidensity materials which have two layers of materials of different densities.

A stone wool of relatively high density is particularly suitable for carrying out the process according to the invention, since a low density can cause difficulties for the handler when cutting and applying the coating layer.

Remarkably, the core is obtained by machining a block of thermally insulating and non-combustible material. The model element according to the invention can have different shapes depending on the desired aesthetic effect, while at the same time responding to the requirements imposed by fire regulations.

Furthermore, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the core is a profiling. In this case, the model element may be intended for a window support, or for a window and door frame.

Advantageously, the model element is aesthetic and ornamental.

The coating b. and finishing layer c.

According to the invention, the core is provided with a cladding b. at least on the side intended to remain visible once the element is placed on the façade. This coating can be made in one or more layers, identical or different, the number and / or thickness and / or type of layers that can vary in the same way depending on the locations. It may, for example, be interesting to first coat the core of one or more layer (S) with a first coating intended to give the core good properties of resistance to the production of cracks and flexibility, and then one or more layer (s) a second coating called "smoothing" or a paint, which acts as a layer c. finishing to give an aesthetic and homogeneous appearance with the façade as a whole.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the coating b. It is reinforced by an armor, which is preferably a mesh of glass fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyamide fibers or carbon fibers and more generally, any armor that is the subject of a CSTBat certificate delivered by the Scientific and Technical Center. Building Technique. This armor can be embedded in a coating with glue. The use of a reinforcement under the cladding ensures stability over time of the finish as it allows compensating the dimensional variations of the support due to weather conditions.

The coating (s) used can be chosen from the coatings normally used in thermal insulation systems for exterior facades. In particular, the coating is chosen from the group that comprises, ideally constituted by: a ready-to-use paste acrylic type coating, a ready-to-use paste vinyl type coating, a mineral glue mortar to mix with water, a acrylic paste coating to mix with cement. The coatings should be easy to work with, easy to smooth and / or have good resistance to cracking.

Depending on the properties sought, they can further comprise fibers such as cellulosic fibers, polyamide fibers, polypropylene fibers, glass fibers, basalt fibers, mineral fillers such as calcium carbonate fillers, silicon fillers, silicoaluminate fillers, aluminum, diatomaceous earth fillers, talcs or micas, products obtained from siloxane resins, silicates, organic binders such as acrylic polymers, vinyl polymers, epoxy resins or polyurethane resins, specific adjuvants such as rheological additives such as cellulosic thickeners, acrylics , polyurethane, or clay-based, wetting agents, protecting agents, biocides, antifoaming agents, pH regulating agents, dispersants, pigments such as titanium oxide, iron oxides, fire retardant agents such as trihydrate alumina, etc.

According to another preferred embodiment, the coating b. It is a product based on paint or resin based on epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic, vinyl or xylosanic.

Layer c. Finishing can be a paint based on acrylic, vinyl, siloxane, or mineral binder (based on lime or silicate), thin or structured. Its variation in different aspects in numerous colors allows a great choice to ensure better compatibility with the coating that exists on the other hand on the facade. Therefore, the element of modernity will be fully included in the general aesthetics of the façade, while ensuring its role as a barrier to protect against fire.

The manufacturing procedure of the model element

The manufacturing process of the shaping element according to the invention involves a cutting step of a material such as high-density rock wool in the form of a shaping and in particular a profiling. The cutting of mineral wool is a technology that has not been used until now in the field of construction.

Custom cutting can be done by different specific techniques, such as sawing, stamping, turning, milling, water jetting, laser cutting. The variety of techniques available allows a multiplicity of shapes of profiling that can be made by the manufacturing process, which is likewise a non-negligible advantage of the invention.

In the same way, it can be noted that the model element can be covered by the coating b. before transporting it and placing it on the façade, in order to be presented to the user in the form of a ready-to-install model element. It also makes it possible to get rid of a cutting and coating stage on site or in the workshop, which requires a specific tool and restrictive handling in several stages for the user. The coating application stage can be carried out by any method that allows obtaining the desired thickness for each layer, especially by manual application or by spraying. Coating layer well Like the possible armor, they allow in the same way to protect the ready-to-install model from possible degradations that may intervene during its transport and placement.

The exterior thermal insulation system for facades

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the elements of the thermal insulation system of the exterior facade replace in whole or in part the linear bands whose objective is to limit the spread of fire on the facade, depending on the aesthetic contribution to be given to the building.

The procedure of realization

The insulating panels placed on the façade are those conventionally used in ETICS systems, especially expanded polystyrene or expanded polyurethane or mineral wool panels. These panels are glued or mechanically fixed by adapted dowels ("tongue and groove" fixing system). The gluing products are preferably based on a mortar with mineral wool cement or paste adhesive mortar.

It is important that the cutting of the model element is as precise as possible to ensure a perfectly joined placement between the panels and the model element in order to perfectly meet the thermal insulation conditions.

Modenature elements can be fixed to the façade by means currently used to fix conventional insulating panels in ETICS systems, especially through plugs.

Other details and advantageous characteristics will emerge below from the description of non-limiting embodiments of the invention with reference to the attached figures in which:

Description of the figures

Figure 1 schematically represents the facades of a building that includes a thermal insulation system on the outside according to the invention.

FIG. 2 schematically represents a right cross-sectional section of a modeling element according to the invention.

Figure 1 schematically and partially represents a building of which at least two of the facades have been treated with thermal insulation from the outside. The facades of the building are made of brick walls and covered with insulating panels (1) of expanded polystyrene, embedded and embedded on the wall. Below the opening (2) existing in the main facade, a linear band (3) of rock wool, horizontal and continuous, is fixed by gluing in solid and by dowel instead of expanded polystyrene. An element ( 4) of a model according to the invention, consisting of a profile whose core is made of mineral wool of a single density (thermal conductivity 0.038 W / mK, nominal density 155 kg / m3) protruding 300 mm on both sides of the opening. The model element is glued and mechanically fixed to the wall by through anchors. This element, due to its non-combustible nature (Euroclass A1), also plays the role of a barrier to prevent the spread of fire along the façade, in the event that the fire breaks out inside the building and is susceptible to spread abroad.

Figure 2 again shows in detail the modem element represented in figure 1. A mineral wool core (5) (thermal conductivity 0.038 W / mK, nominal density 155 kg / m3) covered with a layer (6) is represented ready-to-use paste acrylic coating based on acrylic copolymers and mineral fillers (Armenduit FX product marketed by Zolpan), followed by a layer (7) of paint.

Claims (11)

1. Modeling element for a thermal insulation system for exterior facades ( “Externa! Thermal Insulation Composite System, ETICS”) comprising: a. a nucleus, b. a coating that covers at least the apparent surface of the core when it is placed on a facade, possibly a finishing layer, characterized in that the core is made of at least one thermally insulating and non-combustible material, chosen from mineral foams, foam of concrete, foam mortar, foam glass, glass wool, rock wool, silica airgel, wolastonite, vermiculite, plaster, Staff, their combinations and the compounds made from said materials; the core having a single density, said density, expressed in kg / m3 which is between [50-400]; preferably between [60-300]; and more preferably even between [80-200]. 2. Modeling element according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermally insulating and non-combustible material has a thermal conductivity of less than 0.065 W / m.K and has a Euroclass A1 according to the NF EN 13501-1 standard. 3. Modeling element according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the core is obtained by machining a block of thermally insulating and non-combustible material. 4. Modeling element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the core is a profiling. 5. Modeling element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cladding b) is reinforced by a reinforcement, preferably a fiberglass mesh. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating is chosen from the group comprising, preferably consisting of: a ready-to-use paste acrylic type coating, a ready-to-use paste vinyl type coating, a mortar Mineral glue to mix with water, an acrylic paste coating to mix with cement. Element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coating is a product based on paint or resin based on epoxy, polyurethane or acrylic. 8. Method for manufacturing the modeling element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: i. cutting an insulating and thermally non-combustible material, in order to obtain a core a .; ii. optionally, application of at least one layer of subcoat followed possibly by the application of a reinforcement, preferably a fiberglass mesh; iii. application of at least one coating layer on the apparent surface of the core obtained in step i or ii. preferably with a coating chosen from the group comprising, preferably consisting of: a ready-to-use paste-type acrylic or vinyl coating, a ready-to-use paste-type vinyl coating, a mineral glue mortar to mix with the water, an acrylic paste coating for mixing with cement, an epoxy, polyurethane, acrylic, vinyl or xylosanic based paint or resin product; iv. drying of the coating layer applied in step iii; v. optionally, realization of a top coat, preferably a coat of paint; stages ii to v. which are advantageously carried out after the placement of the core on the façade. 9. System for thermal insulation of facades from the outside, characterized in that it is provided with at least one model element according to at least one of claims 1 to 7 or is obtained by the method according to claim 8. 10. System according to claim 9, characterized in that the elements of the thermal insulation system for exterior facades that it comprises replace in whole or in part linear bands intended to limit the spread of fire on the façade. 11. Procedure for creating a thermal insulation system for exterior facades according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that it consists essentially of: 1.1. place insulating panels on the façade with the help of any appropriate fixing means; 1.2. place elements of moderation according to at least one of claims 1 to 7, preferably replacing all or part of the linear bands whose objective is to limit the spread of fire on the façade, said façade placement being carried out with the help of any means of appropriate fixing, in particular through plugs 1.3. possibly place linear bands that are intended to limit the spread of fire on the façade; I.4. possibly apply an identical or different coating on the insulating panels and / or on the elements of the model and / or on the possible linear bands.