SI23103A - Device for moving on water and/or air and/or ashore - Google Patents

Abstract

Device for moving on water and/or air and/or ashore comprises at least one appropriately stiff hull (1) consisting of a symmetrically designed shell (10) with regard to the lengthwise axis (101) of the hull (1) as well as two hydrodynamic wings (210', 210", 220' 220"), and besides, at least one propelling means (3) for creation of thrust force (F), and optionally, also at least one steering means (4) which may be available as the propelling means (3) with directed thrust and is bound each time with the said hull (1), and optionally as well, at least one wheel (15', 15") for moving of the device ashore. The device according to the invention comprises at least two pairs of appropriately stiff and, like aeroplane wings, aerodynamically profiled cross beams (21', 21"; 22', 22") which are displaced between them in the direction of the lengthwise axis (101) of the hull (1), bound stiffly with a respectively available hull (1), coaxially aligned one to the other, protruding apart from each other at least approximately perpendicularly to the said lengthwise axis (101) of the hull (1), and arranged at least approximately in the horizontal plane above the waterline (13) of the shell (10) of the hull (1). Each of the beams is equipped, on each of its free ends, with one hydrodynamic wing (210', 210"; 220' 220") which is turnable around the horizontal axis (201', 201"; 203' 203") parallelly to the lengthwise axis (101) of the hull (1) for a respectively chosen angle (p) with regard to the respective cross beam (21', 21"; 22', 22"), where the said angle (p) between the respective hydrodynamic wing (210', 210"; 220' 220") and the respective cross beam (21', 21"; 22', 22") is variable in the range between 0 degrees and, at least approximately, 60 degrees.

Description

Apparatus for movement by water and / or by air and / or by land

The invention relates to the field of transport, namely to vessels and their equipment, and in this context to the field of hydrodynamic properties of hulls or wings, and in particular to vessels with movable and / or movable vessels. adjustable hydrodynamic wings. At the same time, such an invention can also be classified in the field of airplanes, especially for flying vessels and seaplanes.

The invention is based on the problem of how to design a device that, on the one hand, will allow stable, controlled and, from the point of view of the required driving power, to navigate as smoothly or as sweltering water level as a water craft at low and relatively high speeds. it should also optionally be controlled, stable and controllable ie controllably fly through the air in the form of an airplane, whereby a ready-made device should be able to take off from a calm or rolling water surface or from land, and also land either at a calm or rolling water surface or on land.

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EP O 240 472 proposes a vessel with hydrodynamic wings of adjustable geometry, comprising a hull which essentially represents the hull of a boat or boat with a hydrodynamically shaped, properly tapered bow and also hydrodynamically shaped aft. The hull in the bow area extends downwards and to the side of the hull, each in the form of a protruding wing; in the feed area, one limb is pivotally attached to the hull on each side, the free end of which is designed as a hydrodynamic wing. Furthermore, in the area below the hull and at a distance from the latter, a horizontal wing is attached to the corresponding support legs. In each case, the rigidly connected wing extends at a sharp angle to the corresponding limb in each case, so that in the approximately horizontal position of the limbs, said wings extend obliquely at an angle of about 45 ° down and one to the other. The said arms, which are rotatable relative to the torso, are appropriately supported in said position, e.g. by means of hydraulic cylinders. This position of the arms and wings allows navigation at relatively high speed, with the said wings lifting the hull out of the water at sufficient speed. This reduces the size of the wetted surface and thus the resistance, meanwhile the horizontal support creates forces which act in the opposite direction and push the feed down. Therefore, the size of the wetted surfaces is still relatively large and, accordingly, the hydrodynamic drag of the vessel is still considerable. When sailing at low speed or while anchoring in port, it is possible to rotate the legs from the horizontal position to a lowered at least approximately vertical position relative to the surface, with the wings retracted under the hull, thus reducing the width of the vessel significantly. In addition to the above disadvantages regarding the relatively high hydrodynamic drag and the high power consumption of such a vessel, it is also obvious that such a vessel does not in any case allow for controlled airborne flight.

Furthermore, a vessel known as "Hydroptere" (www.hydroptere.com) has been repeatedly presented to the skilled artisan and also to the public. Such a vessel comprises a hull through which it is transverse with respect to the longitudinal axis of the hull or. Depending on the direction of travel, a horizontal bracket rigidly connected to the hull is mounted. One hydrodynamic wing is attached at each end of said carrier, which is inclined obliquely down into the depth and at the same time in the direction of each remaining wing, so that said wings converge towards each other. In this case, too, a rudder may be provided in the feed area when, at the free end, at the distance from the hull, it is completed with a horizontal wing which, at sufficient speed, allows the feed to rise above the level. The vessel is driven solely by wind energy, at least according to the applicant's information, and is therefore equipped with suitable sails which are stretched on a suitable mast attached to the hull. When the vessel reaches the required speed during navigation, thanks to the shape and placement of said hydrodynamic wings, hydrodynamic buoyancy is created on the latter, lifting the vessel, namely the bow of the shell, out of the water. This reduces the wetted surface, thus reducing the hydrodynamic resistance, which can increase the speed even if the thrust force is constant. Therefore, thanks to the hydrodynamic wings mentioned above, the vessel makes it possible to achieve extremely high speeds for wind-powered vessels. The said horizontal wings in the feed area are responsible for regulating and compensating for hydrodynamic buoyancy as well as for stability around the transverse direction in the horizontal plane. In addition, dynamic ballast is provided to ensure stability, represented by a significant amount of flowing water from one side to the other. Therefore, during the navigation, the said horizontal wing is extremely loaded and completely wetted with water, so that the size of the wetted surfaces is relatively large in this case as well, and the resistance is corresponding. On top of this, such a design does not in any case allow the vessel to be used as an aircraft or vice versa.

Those skilled in the art are also aware of aircraft adapted to take off and land at sea level. Such aircraft are suitable for taking off and landing on a calm, unpaved surface, while taking off or landing on a highly rolled surface is extremely risky and virtually impossible.

The present invention relates to a device intended to be moved by water and / or by air and / or by land. Such a device comprises at least one suitably rigid hull, consisting of a symmetrically designed shell relative to the longitudinal axis of said hull, comprising a bow and stern with a horizontal waterline running between them, and optionally a passenger compartment, cargo space and at least one cabin. The fuselage shall be equipped with at least two sloping hydrodynamic wings sloping towards each other, the hydrodynamic profile of which is adapted to provide a weight-directed vertical component of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force, the size of which is proportional to the size of the wetted surfaces and the speed of movement of the hydrodynamic wing. The apparatus further comprises at least one propulsion means for generating a thrust force, and optionally at least one controllable associated with said hull, which may also be available as a thrust propulsion means, and further optionally at least one impeller wheel. moving the device over land.

According to the invention, such a device, in the first version, which allows movement in both water, air and land, comprises at least two pairs of spaced apart from each other and rigidly connected hulls in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the hull, aligned with each other and in a direction at least approximately perpendicular to the projecting projections are projected on each longitudinal axis of the hull and at least approximately horizontally above the waterline of the hull shell, arranged in rigid and rigidly shaped airfoils, each of which is provided at its free end with one hydrodynamic wing rotatable about by the longitudinal axis of the trunk of the parallel horizontal axis is at each time chosen as relative to the respective transverse support, said angle between the respective hydrodynamic wing and the respective transverse support being variable in the range between 0 ° and at least about 60 °.

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Further, according to the invention, there is provided a variant of a device primarily intended for moving on water, wherein such device generally comprises at least one suitably rigid hull, consisting of a symmetrically designed shell with respect to the longitudinal axis of the hull, comprising a bow and a feed with between them running. horizontal waterline, and optionally a passenger compartment, cargo space and at least one cabin. Also, such a device comprises at least two sloping and hydrodynamic slopes facing each other, the hydrodynamic profile of which is adapted to provide a force-directed vertical component of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force, the size of which is proportional to the size of the wetted surfaces and the speed of movement of the hydrodynamic wing. The apparatus further comprises at least one propulsion means for generating a thrust force, and optionally at least one control means, which may be a propulsion means with a directional thrust and in each case connected to said hull.

Such a primarily water-driven version of the device according to the invention comprises at least two pairs of trunks spaced apart from each other in the direction of the longitudinal torso and in each case at least approximately orthogonal to the said longitudinal axis of the trunk of each projection. and at least approximately horizontally above the waterline of the hull shell of the rigidly transverse beams, each of which is provided at its free end with one hydrodynamic wing, such that the respective hydrodynamic wing on the transverse beam is inclined obliquely and at the same time towards the hydrodynamic wing with said transverse beams of the coaxially aligned transverse bearer.

The hydrodynamic wing in each case is preferably rotated about with the longitudinal axis of the parallel horizontal axis of the hull in each case chosen relative to the respective transverse support, in particular when said angle between the respective hydrodynamic wing and the corresponding transverse support is variable in the range 0 ° and at least about 60 °.

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Furthermore, the distance of the two hydrodynamic wings belonging to the coaxially aligned transverse beams is different from the distance of the two hydrodynamic wings belonging to each other further coaxially aligned longitudinal beams.

Further, according to the invention, it may be advantageous if at least two hydrodynamic wings belonging to coaxially aligned longitudinal supports rotate each about its longitudinal axis. Further, at least one buoyancy element is preferably provided at the free end or in the vicinity of each of at least a pair of coaxial transverse beams. In addition, at least one wheel is provided at the open end or in the vicinity of each of the at least one pair of coaxially transverse beams. In one possible embodiment, the apparatus further comprises at least two parallel and rigidly coupled hulls. Further, the invention provides for the possibility that at least two flaps are available on at least two coaxially aligned beams at a time. These hydrodynamic wings can optionally be fitted with flaps.

In one possible embodiment, the device comprises a rigidly coupled and above the waterline of the hull shell arranged with a hull selected from a group consisting of propeller and reaction propellants driven by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. According to a further possible embodiment, the device comprises a propellant selected from the group consisting of propeller and reaction propellants driven by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine with at least one transverse carrier and a rigidly connected and above the waterline of the hull shell.

In the second version of the device, intended primarily for navigation but not for flight, the device comprises a rigidly coupled propeller selected from the group consisting of sails and propeller and reaction vessels with at least one hull connected to the waterline of the hull shell. propellants powered by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine.

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The invention will hereinafter be explained with examples of implementation and in connection with the accompanying drawings, where they show

FIG. 1 is an exemplary embodiment of a device for moving over land, air or water according to the invention, illustrated in a spatial view;

FIG. 2 is a schematically illustrated device of FIG. 1, this time in front view;

FIG. 3 shows the motor design of the device in side view;

FIG. 4 is a device according to FIG. 4 in floor plan;

FIG. 5 is a schematic and side elevation illustration of the rudder-activated device while navigating the water surface, in the case shown by means of a motor drive;

FIG. 6 is a device according to FIG. 5, this time with the handlebar extended, e.g. during take-off from water surface or during landing at water surface;

FIG. 7 is a schematic side view of the device at different speeds of navigation or. for different sizes of wetted surfaces on hydrodynamic wings;

FIG. 8 schematically and in front view illustrates the device while navigating while changing the angles of incidence by twisting the hydrodynamic wings about the longitudinal axes thereof;

FIG. 9 is a schematically illustrated motor embodiment of the device in side view;

FIG. 10 as in FIG. 8 illustrates a device during tilting about a longitudinal axis due to a disturbance in the transverse direction, e.g. due to lateral waves or transverse component of aerodynamic force on sails;

FIG. 11 is an embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 10 while sailing at calm surface at high speed;

FIG. 12 is an embodiment of the apparatus of FIG. 10 and 11 while navigating a rolling surface;

FIG. 13 and a variant of the device which, in addition to navigation, also enables flight.

An apparatus for locomotion by land, air or water according to the invention generally (Fig. 1) at least one rigidly designed hull 1, with which at least two pairs of said hull 1 are spaced apart in the direction along the longitudinal axis 101 of said hull 1 1 in each pair coaxially projecting projecting and correspondingly rigid transverse beams 21 ', 21; 22 ', 22, each of which is equipped with • • · · · · · ···· • · ··· · · ♦ «· · ·» 4 «« «* * · · · ·» · · one hydrodynamic wing 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220, and at the same time such apparatus also comprises at least one propulsion means 3 (Fig. 3 and Fig. 9) and at least one control means 4, which may optionally be replaced or supplemented by a propulsion means 3 with directional thrust.

Said longitudinal axis 101 of the hull 1 generally, during regular use of the device, also defines in each case the current direction of movement of the device. The hull 1 is substantially shaped symmetrically with respect to said longitudinal axis 101 and comprises a shell 10 adapted to navigate the water surface and includes a bow 11 and a feed 12 which are appropriately designed to provide, on the one hand, a running water line 13 and on the other hand, to provide suitable hydrodynamic properties while sailing at low speeds or also while swimming on water in the event of anchoring a port facility. It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the hull 1 may further, depending on the purpose of the device, comprise at least one cabin and / or suitably equipped passenger compartment and / or properly equipped cargo space, which as such does not in any way interfere with the very essence of the invention and therefore in the sketch of the thread not shown separately.

Each of said transverse beams 2 pre, 21; 22 ', 22 is arranged at a sufficient vertical distance from the water line 13 so that, in principle, during the navigation of the hull shell 10, it does not come in contact with water during the water level. When the device is adapted solely for surface navigation, each of said transverse beams is 21 ',

21; 22 ', 22 can in principle be arbitrarily shaped, in each case being a properly rigid cantilever bracket. When the device according to the invention is also adapted for flight, each of said transverse supports 21 ', 21; 22 ', 22 are suitably shaped, namely, profiled airfoil, so that its transverse profile and both longitudinal profiles in the vertical and horizontal directions correspond to the relevant airfoil profiles (Fig. 13), which is a prerequisite for flight over the air while in principle, the properties of the device during navigation or other movement along the water level are generally not significantly affected.

The invention also provides for the possibility that said hydrodynamic wings are 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 optionally provided with flaps or. flaps, making it generally possible to generate additional forces in the desired directions, especially when moving the device at high enough speed. Thus, e.g. while sailing at very high speeds with negative flops, it is possible to prevent the vessel from flying when it is not desirable. Of course, it is also possible to achieve other effects that are known to those skilled in the art and therefore it is not appropriate to list and interpret them separately.

It will be understood by one of skill in the art that the device of the invention may optionally also comprise two hulls 1 spaced in parallel and rigidly connected so that their longitudinal axes 101 are parallel. In this case, both hulls 1 may be rigidly interconnected by means of pairs of transverse beams 2T, 21; 22 ', 22. The number of carcasses 1 may optionally be three or even more than three.

As mentioned above, each of said transverse beams 21 ', 21; 22 ', 22 provided at each free end with one hydrodynamic wing 210', 210; 220 ', 220, the respective hydrodynamic wing being 210', 210; 220 ', 220 formed by a suitable hydrodynamic profile which, while moving the wing 210', 210; 220 ', 220 by water on the respective wetted surface Αμ A2 (Fig. 11 12) of the respective hydrodynamic wing 210', 210; 220 ', 220 generates at least one component of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force F _b F ₂ , which acts in a vertically upward direction and therefore opposite to the weight of the device or. parts of it. In this case, the hydrodynamic wing 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 of each transverse beam 21', 21; 22 ', 22 inclined obliquely into the depth and at the same time ie towards the hydrodynamic wing 210', in each case, 210; 220 ', 220 with said support 21', 21; 22 ', 22 co-aligned carrier 2 nos, 21; 22 ', 22. In the example shown, therefore, the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210 are in the front transverse beams 2Γ, 21 are directed obliquely downward and at the same time to each other, while the hydrodynamic wings are 220 ', 220 at the rear transverse beams 22', 22 directed obliquely downward and at the same time facing each other.

• · · · · ·

Arrangement of said hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 (Figs. 2, 7 and 8) is preferably selected such that the hydrodynamic wings 220', 220 on the rear transverse beams 22 ', 22 are located outside the areas during the movement of the device of the generated vortex track of the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210 at front transverse beams 21 ', 21. In other words, the distance between the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210 on the front transverse beams 21 ', 21 is different from the distance between the hydrodynamic wings 220', 220 on the rear transverse beams 22 ' , 22, which is in practice easiest to realize in such a way that the length of the front transverse beams 21 ', 21 is different and is either larger or smaller than the length of the rear transverse beams 22', 22 (Figs. 4 and 13).

In order to ensure the stability of the device in the transverse direction while floating on the water surface, in the case of a wind-powered device, sails, but also for the purpose of offsetting the wind force in the sails, on each side of the device is preferably in the region of said transverse beams 21 ', 21; 22 ', 22 one buoy element 23', 23 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4). In this case, it is advantageous if the buoyancy element 23 ', 23 is arranged at the free end in each case longer than the transverse beams 21', 21; 22 ', 22. When the device is designed as a catamaran with two hulls 10 or as a trimaran with three hulls 10, said buoyancy element 23', 23 may be designed as one of the available hulls 10.

As mentioned, each of said hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 are inclined obliquely with respect to each respective transverse support 21', 21; 22 ', 22, at a certain angle β (Fig. 2), which primarily provides adequate hydrodynamic properties during the voyage itself, in particular the required hydrodynamic buoyancy force F _b F ₂ on the wetted surface A _b A _{2 of the} hydrodynamic wing 210' , 210; 220 ', 220. According to the invention, the hydrodynamic wing 210', 210; 220 ', 220 with each corresponding transverse support 21', 21; 22 ', 22 articulated in such a way that it rotates about its longitudinal axis 20 Γ, 201; 203 ', 203, which runs at least approximately parallel to said longitudinal axis 101 of the torso 1, such that it is referred to as β between the hydrodynamic wing 210', 210; 220 ', 220 and the corresponding transverse beams 2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22 variable in the range of 0 ° to at least about 60 °. Changing said angle β is generally feasible in various ways that are not specifically shown in the sketch, and one possible way is feasible e.g. either by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, or by electric or mechanical actuators, by means of which the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 are held in the respective position at an angle β relative to each respective transverse support 21 ', 21, 22 ', 22.

When the device is intended solely for navigation, it is generally sufficient (Fig. 2) if said angle β is adjustable in the range of at least about 0 ° to 60 °, which, on the one hand, enables the placement of hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 either to a position which, while moving, leads to the generation of a sufficient vertical component of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force, or to a position which permits navigation or anchoring in the shallows. However, it is preferred if said β is adjustable in the range of 0 ° to at least about 60 °. In this way, the hydrodynamic wings are 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 during periods when the vessel is not sailing, kept above sea level and thus safeguarded against pollution or e.g. algae fouling.

Even when the device is also intended to be flown by air, said β is adjustable in the range of at least about 0 ° to 60 °, which, on the one hand, enables the placement of hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 either to a position which, while moving along the water surface, provides for the generation of a sufficient vertical component F _b F _{2 of the} hydrodynamic buoyancy force, or to a position allowing alignment of the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210; 220 ', 220 with corresponding aerodynamically profiled transverse beams 2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22 in the function of the wings, which then allows the device to fly. With displacement of hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 to a position in which the angle β is at least about 0 °, the device is well navigable during flight. When the angle β is different from 0 ° and still relatively small, the device exhibits more pronounced stability around longitudinal direction 101 during flight and is relatively difficult to divert to different directions by different influences. In general, however, the device can still fly completely satisfactorily even if the Angle of Angle is approximately 45 ° or even higher.

The invention also provides, in principle, for the possibility that at least one pair on at least one pair of transverse beams is 2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22 of the available hydrodynamic wings 210', 210, 220 ', 220 rotate about their longitudinal axis 202', 202, 204 ', 204, thereby enabling the device, in principle, either during navigation or during flight, to be controlled or balanced or balanced. trimming in the desired direction in each direction, or an additional increase in the buoyancy force F _b F ₂ . As mentioned, the effects of said twisting can optionally be combined or complemented by the effects of flaps on the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220, when available.

Propulsion means 3 generally represents any propellant adapted for attachment preferably to the fuselage 1 of the device (Figs. 3 and 9), and generally to the transverse beams 21 ', 21; 22 ', 22. Thus, e.g. to the hull 1 of the apparatus of FIG. 1 as a propulsion device 3 can be attached to the sketch not shown mast with sails, and henceforth the device is usable as a sailboat. In FIG. 3 is an illustrated propulsion device 3 representing a propeller driven either by a non-displayed internal combustion engine or by a non-demonstrated electric motor or by any other propulsion engine. In FIG. 9 is an exemplary directional thrust actuator, which, in conjunction with the creation of a thrust force F, also provides the desired thrust of this force, which allows a specific control or control of the device. In such a case, the propulsion means 3 may simultaneously represent the control means 4.

Due to the change in the position of the hull 1 of the device relative to the water surface, the drive means 3 is preferably arranged over the water line 13 of the hull shell 10, which in FIG. 9 and 11, illustrated by the distance H. Even more particularly, the propeller submersible propulsion is less recommended due to the considerable cavitation losses at relatively high speeds, which the device of the invention can further achieve without further ado.

Steering means 4 generally represent any mechanical or hydraulic or other means that, while moving the vehicle, generates the forces necessary each time to change the direction of movement of the vehicle. In FIG. 1 and 3, rudder 4 is illustrated as a classic rudder, as is commonly used in vessels, especially in sailboats. In the version of FIG. 5 and 6 show the possibility of using the control means 4, which is movable in the vertical direction and can be optionally lowered downwards (Fig. 5) so that it is wetted with water during the navigation or moved upwards (Fig. 6), it can either allow anchoring or navigation in shallow water, and in principle the possibility of steering through the air during high-speed movement, in particular e.g. while flying. The invention also provides for the possibility that the rudder 4 is either combined or replaced with a propulsion means 3 with a directional thrust that acts by deflecting the air flow behind the propeller in the desired direction.

The advantage of the design of this type of device is reflected in the extremely wide possibilities of use, with the device being able to navigate the water at low or very high speeds, and also the device is able to fly, regardless of whether the take-off takes place from the water whether from land or from land, whether landing at sea or land. A further advantage of the device is demonstrated by the navigation itself, during which the device is extremely stable even at extremely high speeds and requires relatively low thrust F.

In principle, the device is floating even when the hydrodynamically shaped hull shell 10 is positioned at a water surface, and the device comprises a propulsion means 3 which provides the thrust F required to move the vessel at a certain speed at least approximately in the direction of the longitudinal axis 101. At low speed, the shell 10 of the hull 1 is wetted to the waterline 13 (Figs. 1 and 2) and the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 are located either above the water level (β = 0 °) or below the water surface .

As the device moves along the water, the resistance depends on the size of the wetted surfaces. By increasing the thrust force F, the speed of movement of the device increases, creating a component of hydrodynamic buoyancy force, F _b F _2, which acts vertically upwards in the opposite direction on the submerged hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 (β> 0 °). forces the weight and lifts the device, causing the size of the wetted surfaces of the hull shell 10 and the size of the wetted surfaces to force F _b F ₂ on the wetted surface A _b A _{2 of the} hydrodynamic wing 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 decreases and the hydrodynamic drag is reduced accordingly. Initially, at a constant thrust force F of the propulsion means 3, due to the reduction of the size of the wetted surfaces and thus the hydrodynamic resistance, the speed of movement of the device increases, thus increasing the hydrodynamic buoyancy force F _b F ₂ , and therefore the size of the wetted surfaces A _b A _{2 of the} hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210; 220 ', 220 further decreases. When, at a given speed, the hydrodynamically shaped hull 1 of the device rises above the water level, the resistance decreases drastically, so that, despite the relatively low thrust force F, the device can move at high speed because wetted surfaces are available exclusively on the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210 , 220 ', 220. Also, the strength of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force F _b F ₂ on each of the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210, 220 ', 220 depends on the size of the wetted surfaces A _b A ₂ on the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210, 220 ', 220, due to the arrangement of the latter according to the invention, the device automatically moves to equilibrium position when moving at high speed along the water surface. Moment M! the forces F _b F ₂ are equated with the torque M ₂ created by the thrust force F of the drive means 3 at each available distance above the water line. guaranteed transverse stability (Fig. 10) vertical component of hydrodynamic buoyancy force F _b F ₂ on more wetted hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 greater than on other hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220, which causes a corresponding rotation of the hull 1 about the longitudinal axis 101, resulting in the gradual alignment of the device back to the horizontal position. Similarly, during navigation at a rolling surface (Fig. 12), the vertical component of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force F _b F ₂ on the wetted hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 is greater than on the other hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210 , 220 ', 220, which, due to this created moment, Mi then causes the corresponding torque 1 to rotate about the transverse axis with respect to the wave, which then, after changing the conditions, rotates the device back to the horizontal position.

When the device is designed to fly and the transverse beams are 2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22 properly profiled in terms of airfoils, at sufficient speed of the device, the fuselage 1 is lifted out of the water, while at the same time the size of the wetted surfaces on the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210, 220 ', 220 decreases, with one on the other hand, it reduces the hydrodynamic drag on the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220, and, on the other hand, due to the sufficient speed of air movement on the transverse beams 21 ', 21; 22 ', 22 creates a sufficient vertical component of aerodynamic buoyancy to lift the device into the air. When the device is in air, the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 are no longer wetted with water and can be rotated about the longitudinal horizontal axis 201 ', 201; 203 ', 203 and attach them to the relevant transverse beams 21', 21; 22 ', 22. In this connection, the transverse beams 21', 21 are mentioned; 22 ', 22 may be provided with flaps 215', 215; 225 ', 225 to allow effective control of the device while flying. Optionally, the device can also be controlled by rotating the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 around their longitudinal axes 202 ', 202; 204 ', 204.

In the appropriate position of the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220, when the latter are aligned with the transverse beams 21 ', 21; 22 ', 22 (β = 0 °), and after moving the steering control 4 to the appropriate position, landing as well as landing is possible. To this end, the hull 1 comprises wheels 15 ', 15 (Fig. 1), and the corresponding support wheels 16', 16 are preferably provided on at least two co-aligned transverse beams 21 ', 21, 22', 22, e.g. in the region of buoyancy elements 23 ', 23 as shown in FIG. 1.

Before landing the device on the water surface, the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 rotate again about the horizontal axis 201 ', 201; 203 ', 203 for a β angle of • · · · about 30 ° - 60 °, in particular about 45 °, with respect to the transverse beams 21', 21; 22 ', 22 so that at least part of the surfaces A _b A2 of the hydrodynamic wings 210', 210, 220 ', 220 are re-wetted with exactly the same measures as when landing a classic airplane, and then the speed of movement of the device 3 is controlled by the driving force F of the drive means 3 leads. After a corresponding reduction in velocity, the vertical buoyancy component F _b F2 on the hydrodynamic wings 210 ', 210, 220', 220 decreases, increasing the size of the wetted surfaces A _b A ₂ and increasing the hydrodynamic drag. However, when the surfaces on the shell 10 of the hull 1 are also wetted, the resistance increases significantly and the movement of the device slows down considerably. The advantage of this type of device is also reflected in the possibility of landing on a rolled surface, namely on relatively high waves. The same applies to take-off.

Claims (13)

PATENT APPLICATIONS A device for moving over water and / or through air and / or land, comprising at least one suitably rigid hull (1) consisting of a symmetrically designed shell (10) relative to the longitudinal axis (101) of the hull (1) bow (11) and stern (12) with a horizontal waterline (13) running between the latter, and optionally a passenger compartment, cargo space and at least one cabin, and further at least two sloping hydrodynamic wings (210 ') , 210, 220 ', 220), the hydrodynamic profile of which is adapted to provide a weight-directed vertical component of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force (F _b F ₂ ), the size of which is proportional to the speed of movement of the hydrodynamic wing (210', 210, 220 ', 220 ) along the water, in addition to at least one propulsion means (3) for generating a thrust force (F) and optionally at least one control means (4), as a propulsion means (3) with directional thrust, which is associated in each case with said the hull (1), which optionally comprises at least one wheel (15 ', 15') for moving the device over land, characterized in that it comprises at least two hinged pairs (1) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (101) of the hull (1) and the rigidly connected pair (1) axially aligned and at least approximately orthogonal to said longitudinal axis (101) of the fuselage (1) projecting projectively, and at least approximately horizontally above the waterline (13) of the fuselage shell (10), arranged as rigidly as possible and aerodynamically winged profiled transverse beams (21 ', 21; 22 ', 22), each of which, at its free end, is provided with one hydrodynamic wing (210', 210; 220 ', 220), which is rotatable about with the longitudinal axis (101) of the torso (1) of the parallel horizontal axis (22). 20Γ, 201; 203 ′, 203) are each selected as (β) with respect to the respective transverse support (21 ′, 21; 22 ′, 22), said angle (β) being between the respective hydrodynamic wing (210 ′, 210; 220 ', 220) and the respective cross members (2 F, 21; 22', 22) each variable in the range of 0 ° to at least about 60 °. A water movement device comprising at least one suitably rigid hull (1) consisting of a symmetrically designed shell (10) having a bow (11) and a feed (12) with respect to the longitudinal axis (101) of the hull (1). a horizontal waterline (13) running between the latter, and optionally a passenger and / or cargo space and / or cabin, further at least two sloping downward and hydrodynamic wings (210 ', 210, 220', 220) facing each other the hydrodynamic profile is adapted to provide a force-directed vertical component of the hydrodynamic buoyancy force (Fj, F ₂ ), the size of which is proportional to the size of the wetted surfaces and to the speed of movement of the hydrodynamic wing (210 ', 210, 220', 220) through water, in addition, at least one propulsion means (3) for generating a thrust force (F) and optionally at least one control means (4), a directional thrust propulsion means (3) connected in each case to said hull (1), characterized in that it comprises at least two in the direction of the longitudinal axis (101) of the fuselage (1) spaced apart from each other and the hull (1) rigidly connected to each other, aligned in a direction at least approximately perpendicular to said longitudinal axis (101) of the fuselage (1), projecting each other, and at least approximately in the horizontal plane above the waterline (13) of the shell (10) of the hull (1) of the rigidly transverse beams (2Γ, 21); 22 ', 22), each of which is provided at its free end with one hydrodynamic wing (210', 210; 220 ', 220), such that the respective hydrodynamic wing (210', 210; 220 ', 220) the transverse beam (21 ', 21; 22', 22) is inclined obliquely and at the same time towards the hydrodynamic wing (210 ', 210; 220', 220) with said transverse support (21 ', 21; 22', 22) co-aligned transverse beam (2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22). Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each hydrodynamic wing (210 ', 210; 220', 220) is rotatable about with the longitudinal axis (101) of the torso (1) of the parallel horizontal axis (20Γ, 201; 203 ', 203) for each is selected as (β) with respect to the respective transverse support (2Γ, 21; 22', 22), said angle (β) being between the respective hydrodynamic wing (210 ', 210; • · 220 ', 220) and the respective transverse beams (21', 21; 22 ', 22) variable in the range between 0 ° and at least about 60 °. Device according to one of Claims 1-3, characterized in that the distance of the two hydrodynamic wings (210 ', 210; 220', 220), which belong to the coaxially aligned transverse beams (2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22), differentiates from the distance of two hydrodynamic wings (210 ', 210; 220', 220), which belong to each other, further aligned with each other co-aligned along the longitudinal beams (21 ', 21; 22', 22). Device according to one of Claims 1 - 4, characterized in that there are at least two hydrodynamic wings (210 ', 210; 220', 220), which belong to the coaxially aligned longitudinal supports (21 ', 21; 22', 22), rotating each about its longitudinal axis (202 ', 202; 204', 204). Device according to one of Claims 1 - 5, characterized in that at least one buoyancy element (2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22) is provided at the free end or in the vicinity of each of at least a pair of coaxially transverse supports (2Γ, 21; 22', 22) ( 23 ', 23). Device according to one of Claims 1-6, characterized in that at least one wheel (16) is provided at the free end or in the vicinity of each of at least a pair of coaxially transverse beams (21 ', 21; 22', 22). ', 16). Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises at least two parallel and rigidly connected hulls (1). Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 - 8, characterized in that at least one flap (215 ', 215; 225') is available at least two flaps (21 ', 21; 22', 22) at each time. , 225). • · · Apparatus according to one of claims 1-9, characterized in that it comprises a rigidly connected and above the water line (13) of the hull (10) of the hull (1) arranged with at least one hull (1) which is arranged selected from the group consisting of propeller and reaction propellants driven by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 - 9, characterized in that it comprises a rigidly connected and at least one transverse support (2Γ, 21; 22 ', 22) connected to and above the waterline (13) of the shell (10) of the hull (1) a propellant (3) selected from the group consisting of propeller and reaction propellants driven by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. Apparatus according to one of Claims 2-9, characterized in that it comprises, with at least one hull (1) rigidly connected and above the water line (13) of the hull (10) of the hull (1), a propellant (3) arranged selected from the group consisting of sails and propeller and reaction propellants driven by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1-12, characterized in that the hydrodynamic wings (210 ', 210; 220', 220) are provided with flaps.