SI20207A - Foamed clay - Google Patents

Abstract

Foamed clay and procedure of its preparation are described by the invention. The mentioned foamed clay has the following advantages: manufacture of bricks and brick products of optimal bulk density, manufacture of cell-structure products meeting main criteria of thermal and sound insulation, technical opportunity for the production of big-size prefabricated panel systems, and the crucial advantage - thermal insulation and heat accumulation are inherent in the wall - no more cheap masonry plus expensive insulation materials are needed.

Description

The object of the invention is clamped clay as a substitute for classical clay for the production of all kinds of bricks and brick products.

A technical problem solved by the invention is the manufacture of a foamed mass of standard or other clay, which eliminates or reduces any problems with the performance and quality of the finished product.

A well-known present solution of this embodiment is the use of various additives which are burnt during burning. They leave empty openings - pores that are not closed. They reduce weight and increase the practical usefulness of products, but they do not solve essential problems.

The basic and decisive disadvantage is that the pores are not even, worse - they are not closed. Only closed porous systems, better known as cellulosic materials, give us the best coefficient of thermal conductivity, sound absorption, reduced capillarity, the most effective frost resistance and optimal thermal accumulation, according to the latest findings.

If the current hollow brick solution showed complete unsuitability, then classic solid brick is better to learn, but too heavy and not very ready for work. We are left with a solution between the two extremes.

If classic brick is too heavy, the most logical solution is to make it easier to the optimum.

This is achieved by adding new components or. materials and z to cognized process changed.

In fact, 3 procedures are possible.

The first process, as the most straightforward and technologically advanced, is to add perlite or vermiculite. Just adding it doesn't solve the problem yet. First, the mass must necessarily be homogenized and simultaneously foamed. This is accomplished by the addition of suitable additives that homogenize the mass and simultaneously foam it. In order to achieve a satisfactory effect, it is essential to add a substance to the clay while mixing, which is supposed to reduce the surface tension.

Foaming is possible in two ways:

1. The direct process when foaming is added during mixing is the most seasoned, but the pore size is limited.

2. The other way is to make the foam with proper preparation and to the extent necessary add it to the mixer. The process is suitable when more porosity is desired, ie. for lighter materials.

The second process of obtaining pores by adding expanded polystyrene has technically proved satisfactory. It burns and leaves pores when burning, but the pores are too large. Simply, expanded polystyrene of less than 1 mm dimension cannot be made. The homogenization of mass and even parallel foaming is technologically completely solved.

The third process, which can be called true clay clay, is to add Al or Mg powder with ground calcareous lime to the clay, and perhaps a suitable hardener as a catalyst. The whole process would be as follows:

The excavated clay goes directly to the chopper where it is crushed, then to a planetary mixer, where it is mixed with the appropriate addition of water, then filtered through a vibrating sieve, it goes into the dispenser and then into the screw mixer. First add any additives there, then lime - stirring should not last more than 2 minutes. The mass should be less than 0.5 mm - as a bubble free cream and completely homogeneous. Finally, Alu powder is added, up to a maximum of 0.5 kg / m ³ mass - depending on the type or weight. the prostomine mass of the finished product. The mass is preferably rapidly stirred for a maximum of 1 minute and immediately poured into the trolley because it reacts quickly; especially if the appropriate regulator is not dosed. The mass in the trolley goes to drying, decomposition, firing and, as a firing rod, it is cut to the desired dimensions, which, unlike the previous one, are completely constant dimensions.

Drying times and subsequent firing are up to 50% shorter than the conventional process.

These processes produce products with a mass of 200 to 1000 kg / m ³ , which is half the weight of the current products.

Claims (2)

PATENT APPLICATION 1. Foamed clay, characterized in that it is made of natural clay and expanded polystyrene or by the addition of expanded perlite - vermiculite with a penile, which gives an appropriate percentage of pores. 2. Foamed clay, characterized in that it is made of natural clay with or without expanded perlite or vermiculite, foamed with Alu or Mg powder, suitable foam stabilizer and ground lime as catalyst.