SE534128C2 - Method and apparatus for punching or cutting a component from a sheet of metal or similar material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for punching / cutting a part out of a workpiece, such as a sheet of metal or a material with a similar structure, and is characterized by the steps that a first punching tool is pressed against a workpiece, that an abutment is pressed side, wherein the force of the punching tool is greater than the force of the abutment, that when the punched part is at least partially or completely penetrated through the workpiece said part is returned to the workpiece to substantially its initial position by the force of the abutment being greater than the force / or either partially or completely corresponding, radially external dimension, preferably corresponding to the intended final design of the part, penetrates through the material and punches / cuts out the even contour of the intended part and that detail is then ejected from the workpiece. (Fig. 3d)

Description

Brief description of the invention The object is fulfilled by a method according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and a device according to the characterizing part of claim 6.

The subclaims state advantageous embodiments of the invention.

By inserting the first punched part back into the material in a subsequent step, the edge can be minimized by cutting it in the next step with a punch and a pad, which cut along its periphery either outside or inside the cut in the first step and / or in some special cases also along this cut surface. It is also possible for the second cutting operation to be performed inside, outside and or in the first section. As an example, certain parts of the cut in the second cutting operation may take place outside, since in some areas of the finished product the second cutting operation has taken place in the first cut. In the second cutting operation, a form of abrasion takes place in the material area compared with the cutting section in the first step. In a final step, the finished part is ejected. Through this new operation according to the invention, the vane edge is reduced to disappear completely in some cases, which means that the thickness of the edge area of the part is maintained or becomes only slightly smaller than with conventional punching or cutting devices, where the part is punched / cut out and fed in two. surgical steps.

With a method that can minimize the edge, you can reduce material consumption and thus have a cost-effective production that affects the environment in positive terms.

The thickness of the finished part no longer needs to be adapted to the size of the vane, which in turn means that in many cases it is possible to maintain or only minimally increase the thickness in order to achieve an optimal end product.

The vane edge is a natural phenomenon that is normally created during cutting / punching.

Factors that have a major impact on the size of the edge are the material quality and its mechanical properties, material thickness and the design and tool design of the part.

Consequently, as in the method according to the invention, first feeding a punched-out part back into the punch hole, the edge of the vane can be reduced to the minimum, which gives a qualitatively considerably better end product. With a minimized disadvantage, you can reduce material consumption and thus have a cost-effective production that affects the environment in positive terms. 10 15 20 25 30 35 534 128 Since the finished part is cut in a closely connected cutting section and / or in some cases limited or completely in the same cutting section in a second cutting operation, the rubbing in the material in the second cutting section consequently occurs because the surrounding material is affected in the the first cutting operation, where a part is either completely cut out or remains partially in the cutting hole and is then returned to the cutting hole.

The method and device according to the invention can be applied to both the inner contour and the outer contour depending on the design of the part. The choice of procedure steps and tools is based on the design of the part.

Fig. Figure The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show preferred embodiments.

Figure 1 shows a section of a workpiece with a part punched out in an operation step according to prior art.

Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a device according to the invention.

Figures 3a -d schematically show a first embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Figures 4a - d schematically show a second embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Figures Sa - d schematically show a third embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Description of Preferred Embodiments of the Invention Similar details that appear in the various embodiments in the drawings have been given the same reference numerals. This means, for example, that collar components with the same reference numeral in different clocks are not necessarily affected by the same force, but the collar applied in the specific case depends on the nature and thickness of the material and other known factors.

With reference to fi g. 1 shows a detail 1 which according to the prior art is punched or cut out of a workpiece 2, usually a metal plate, in the direction of an arrow 3. Irrespective of the size of the cutting gap, a conventional cutting surface arises with conventional hole cutting with the following characteristic properties: the vane edge side arises both on the material 2 and on the part 1 an edge rounding, so-called vankant 4, followed by a largely "straight" (cylindrical or prismatic) blank zone 5 with a good surface. There follows a fracture zone 5 with an uneven surface and a widening hole cross section, so-called release a. The punched part 1 10 15 20 25 30 35 534 128 has finally on the so-called degree side at a degree edge 7 an axially projecting cutting degree 8.

Of these details, the blank zone 5 is the most important criterion for the quality of the hole 9.

The blank zone 5 corresponds to the cross-sectional dimensions of the hole 9 and constitutes the functional part of the hole, while the length of the blank zone 5 can in extreme cases be absolutely decisive for the function of a hole.

The blank zone 5 is of relatively minor importance in the case of normally set requirements. In conventional cutting, the blank zone occupies approx. 30 - 50% of the plate thickness, while when cutting, you can cut with a blank zone up to 100% of the plate thickness.

The cutting degree 8 reflects the product quality and the production capacity of the tool and its height increases in step with the wear of the punch and the pad. When the degree height reaches a maximum permissible value, the tool must be sharpened.

The device 10 according to the invention, which is shown schematically in fi g. 2, which relates to a working step in the process, comprises a pad 11, which is normally axed at the tool parts (not shown) of the device 10 and against which the workpiece or material 2 rests, a guide plate 12, which is movably mounted to be able to insert and remove a workpiece 2 in the device 10, a punching tool 13, which is movable towards and away from the workpiece 2 and whose design corresponds to holes accommodated in the pad 11 and the guide plate 12 corresponding to the outer shape of the part 1 to be cut / punched and an abutment 14, the shape of which corresponds to the hole in the pad 11. In the various steps described below in fi g. 3 - 5, pad 11, guide plate 12, punching tool 13 and abutment 14 may have corresponding but different dimensions to perform the particular step in the process according to the invention for punching / cutting a part 1, which will be described in more detail below. I fi g. 3 - 5, the parts included in the device in addition to the punching tools 13 and the abutments 14 have been omitted and their movements have been replaced by arrows 15 - 18, where 15 denotes the punch movement of the punch in the ur gures or punch, 15 'denotes the reverse movement of the punch, 16 denotes the abutment of the abutment 14 against the punch 13, 16 'denotes the reverse movement of the abutment 14, 17 denotes the force of the guide plate in one direction or the tumbler force och and 18 denotes the force of the pad in the opposite direction. Although arrows 15 - 18 denote forces / movements of the constituent parts of the device, it is obvious from the following description that these forces / movements only refer to relative directions and also that the constituent parts can have different dimensions both in the different embodiments and in the individual operating steps in the process. I fi g. 3 - 5 show preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention, where the punching tool 13 can be arranged above or below the workpiece 2 with the abutment 14 on the opposite side of the workpiece 2, but this is only an exemplary variant. The device according to the invention can within the scope of the claims be designed in another way, for instance where the punching tool is located on one side of a horizontal or inclined workpiece.

The method according to the invention means in principle that for the manufacture of a intended part 1 it is first punched / cut in the direction of the collar component 15 for the punching tool 13 and in the direction of the force component 16 for the abutment 14 so that the punched part is pushed a distance A out of the material. The distance A or as hereinafter referred to as the "expressed distance" is advantageously less than the thickness of the material, i.e. the punched part is cut out and advantageously penetrated at least partially or even completely through the workpiece. The return stroke in the direction 15 "for the punching tool and 16" for the abutment thus takes place with advantage when the punched part is still in contact with the workpiece 2 around the cutting hole. Consequently, in the return stroke, the part is returned to the workpiece 2 so that in the next working step a cutting operation takes place with another, in the plane of the material in terms of area completely or partially smaller, larger or equal punching tool depending on which part / parts of the part minimal defect must be achieved. There are cases where only parts of the punch in the second cutting operation have the same dimension as in the first cutting operation.

By returning the punched part into the workpiece 2, the area around the cutting hole has plasticized after the first cutting operation, ie. floats slightly, which in a subsequent cutting operation, where a new punching tool with a different dimension cuts through the plasticized area, results in the blank edge 4 (see Fig. 1) remaining on the finished part 1 after the second cutting step being considerably smaller than in the previous known single-step clipping procedures. The vane edge 4 thus becomes minimal so that in some cases it does not occur at all. I fi g. 3 - 5, the difference in peripheral size of the different punching tools has been illustrated below with the designation B or which is hereinafter referred to as the "difference in outer dimensions". The distance B thus denotes the difference in the main plane of the material between different cutting or punching tools (in the drawings comparable to a substantially horizontal direction). During the second cutting operation, a type of "scraping operation" is performed. The scraping operation can thus be performed on both the inner contour and the outer contour depending on the design's design. In this second cutting step, the outer dimension of the punch along its periphery can be dimension B either larger or smaller than the dimension of the punching tool in the first cutting step, depending on whether the part to be punched should have an inner contour or an outer contour with minimal vane, such as an inner thread. an outer thread on a gear. Reference numeral C below denotes the width of the plasticized zone closest to the cutting tool in a direction in the main plane of the material. The reference numeral D below denotes the height of the plasticized zone closest to the cutting tool in a direction perpendicular to the major plane of the material. Reference numeral 19 denotes a rigging edge in the guide plate 12. The V-ring cuts into the workpiece for its fixation and runs around the part to be cut or punched out.

The following is a description of three embodiments of how cutting with a reduced edge is achieved by the method according to the invention when punching / cutting out a detail 1 from a metal plate or a material 2 with similar properties.

I fi g. 3a - f describe a method according to the invention for punching / cutting a flat component.

I fi g. 3a shows Step 1, where the punch 13 penetrates the material 2 through the force l5 by means of the abutment forces 16 of the abutment 14 and the retaining forces 17 of the guide plate 12, which forces act during the entire step. The dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures vary with the cutting force, the properties of the material, the material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 3b shows Step 2, where the punch 13 is "pulled out" of the material 2, which usually takes place in the same operation as Step 1. Here too there is an abutment crane (ejection) 15 'and tumbler cranes 17 during the whole step, ie. s.k. Pushbac technology. Alternatively, the "pushback" technology can take place in a separate Step 2. The consequence is that an extra step is added to the tool (Step 2 becomes Step 3, etc.). Choice of method (pushback) is linked to the press and the tool's possibilities. The prints vary here with the cutting crane, the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 3c shows Step 3, where the punch 13 leaves the material. The cut material part is pressed into the strip / material 2.

I fi g. 3d shows Step 4, where a new punching tool 13 'penetrates the material 2 again. In this case, the outer dimension B of the punch tool 13 'is smaller than the outer dimension of the punch tool 13 in Step 1. The corresponding adapted abutment 14' and the pad and guide plate are also arranged in this Step. In the case of a substantially round detail, this corresponds to a radius which is dimension B smaller. An abutment bracket fi 16 adapted to dimension B and corresponding tumbler brackets 17 occur throughout the step. During the operation, the scraping operation is performed, which can thus be performed on both the inner contour and the outer contour depending on the design of the part. Dimensions A (the expressed distance) and B (the difference in outer dimensions) as well as the pressures vary here with the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 3e shows Step 5, where the punch 13 leaves the material 2. Here the tumbler crane 16 is 16 "'v" and the counter crane (ejection) 15 is zero. The pressure varies here with the cutting force, the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I tig. 3f shows Step 6, where it is shown how the pre-cut part 1 is ejected from the cushion and evacuated from the tool in the direction of the arrow 20.

Figs. 4a - g describe a method according to the invention for punching / cutting out a flat and shaped component.

I fi g. 4a shows Step 1, where the punching tool 13 penetrates the material 2 through the force 21 by means of the abutment collars 22 of the abutment 14 and the retaining collars 17, which act during the entire step. The dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures vary here with the cutting crane, the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 4b shows Step 2, where the punching tool 13 is "pulled out" of the material 2. Here, an abutment collar fi (ejection) 22 and tumbler collars 17 act throughout the process, ie. Pushback technology. Alternatively, the pushback technology can be done in step 2.

The consequence is an extra step in the tool (Step 2 becomes Step 3, etc.). Choice of method (pushback) is linked to the press and the tool's possibilities. The prints vary here with the cutting force, the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 4c shows Step 3, where the punching tool 13 leaves the material. The cut material part is pressed into the strip / material 2.

I fi g. 4d shows Step 4, where a new punching tool 13 'penetrates the material 2 again with force 23, but from the opposite direction. Here, a new adapted abutment 14 'abutment crane fi 24 and tumbler cranes 17 operate throughout the process. During the operation, the scraping operation is performed, which can thus be performed on both the internal contour and the external contour depending on the design of the part. In this case, you want to achieve an inner contour with minimal blurring. Dimensions A (the expressed distance) and B (the difference in outer dimensions) and the prints vary here with the material's properties, material thickness and detail even design. 20 25 30 35 534 'l 28 I fi g. 4e shows Step 5, where the punching tool 13 'teaches the material 2 with the force 25, the tumbler force 17 is "active" and the resistance force (the ejection) is equal to zero.

The prints vary here with the cutting edge, the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 4f shows Step 6, where a further new wider punching tool 13 "penetrates the material 2 with the force 26 to produce a wider part 1". Here, a custom abutment 14 ”abutment collar fi 27 and tumbler forces 17 operate throughout the process.

The dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures vary here with the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 4g shows Step 7, where it is shown how the pre-cut part 1 'is ejected from the pad, the punching tool 13' leaves the material 2 with the force 28 and how the part is evacuated out of the tool in the direction of an arrow 29.

I fi g. Sa - g describes a method according to the invention for punching / cutting out a flat and shaped component.

I fi g. So, Step 1 is shown, where the punching tool 13 penetrates the material 2 through the force 15 by means of the abutment forces 16 of the abutment 14 and tumbler forces 17, which act during the entire step. The dimensions A (the expressed distance), C (plasticization width) and D (plasticization height) and the prints vary here with the cutting crayon, the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 5b shows Step 2, where the punching tool 13 is "pulled out" of the material 2 with a force 30. Here the abutment force of the abutment 14 (ejection) 31 and the retaining forces 17 act throughout the process, ie. Pushback technology. Alternatively, the pushback teloiology can take place in step 2. The consequence is an extra step in the tool (step 2 becomes step 3, etc.). Choice of method (pushback) is linked to the press and the tool's possibilities. The prints vary here with the cutting force, the properties of the material, material thickness and the design of the detail.

I fi g. 5c shows Step 3, where the punching tool 13 and the abutment 14 leave the material. The cut material part is here pressed into the strip / material 2.

I fi g. Sd shows Step 4, where a new punching tool 13 ”with the dimension B wider radius penetrates the material 2 again with a force of 32. Here a new adapted abutment 14” abutment collar fi 33 and tumbler brackets 17 work throughout the process. During the operation, the scraping operation is performed, which can thus be performed on both the inner contour and the outer contour depending on the design of the part. The dimensions A (the expressed distance) and B (the difference in outer dimensions) and the pressures vary here with the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. See step 5, where the punching tool 13 'leaves the material 2 with the force 34.

The retainer collar fi a 17 is here "active" and the resistance 14 'of the retainer collar fi (ejection) is equal to zero. The prints vary here with the cutting edge, the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. 5f shows Step 6, where a new wider punching tool 13 ”penetrates the material 2 with the force 35, it is a new abutment 14 '” abutment collar fi 36 and tumbler collar fi 16 during the whole process. The dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures vary here with the material's properties, material thickness and the design of the part.

I fi g. Sg shows Step 7, where it is shown how the punching tool 13 "leaves the material 2 with the collar 37 and how the pre-cut part 1 '" is ejected from the pad and evacuated out of the tool in the direction of an arrow 38.

Although in the drawings for the sake of clarity the same reference numeral has been used in the various embodiments, of course both dimensions and force components may vary depending on the material to be machined.

The shape of the finished part is also not locked to that shown in the design examples but can vary as well as the shape of the tools depending on the part to be manufactured.

The method shown according to the invention can also be used in series production, in which case the number of punching tools and other components are arranged in groups or that the punching / cutting operations take place one after the other on one and the same metal plate.

The method and device according to the invention can of course be modified within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (1)

A method of punching / cutting a part (1) from a workpiece (2), such as a sheet of metal or a material of similar structure, characterized by steps of pressing a first punching tool (13) against a workpiece (2), pressing a first abutment (14) with an abutment collar fi against the first punching tool on the opposite side of the workpiece, the force of the first punching tool being greater than the force of the first abutment, that when the punched part is at least partially or completely penetrated through the workpiece, said part is returned into the workpiece to substantially its initial position in that the laa fi of the first abutment is greater than the lcra fi of the first punching tool, that at least one second punching tool (13 °) and a corresponding second abutment ( 14 ') both with relatively said punched part different or partly corresponding or completely corresponding, radially external dimension, preferably corresponding detail even (1) intended slu spout, is penetrated through the material and punches / cuts out the intended contour of the part and that the part is then fed out of the workpiece. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a special set of pad (1 1) and guide plate (12) is adapted for each set of punching tools (13, 13 °) and abutments (14, 14 '). Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one further punching tool (13 °) and corresponding abutment (14 ') are so dimensioned that in the punching / cutting operation they cut through said workpiece at a predetermined distance (B) from the first the blank zone of the tool, said predetermined distance preferably being within an area plasticized by the penetration of the first tool (13). Method according to any one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the radially external dimension of said first punching tool (13) is the distance (B) smaller or larger than the radially external dimension of said second punching tool (13 '). A method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the radially external dimension of said first punching tool (13) is the distance (B) greater than or less than and within at least one predetermined area equal to the radially external dimension of said second punching tools (13 '). Device for carrying out the method in claims I - 5 for punching / cutting a part (1) from a workpiece (2), such as a sheet of metal or similar material, which device has a first set of tools comprising a first pad (11) and a first punching tool (13), and at least a second set of tools comprising a second pad and a second punching tool (123), characterized in that the first set of the device further comprises a arranged opposite the first punching tool (13), first abutment (14), the dimension of which corresponds to the dimension of the first punching tool, and a workpiece (2) receiving a guide plate (12) adapted to the first pad (1 1), said first punching tool being penetratable through both the first pad and the first guide plate against the force of the first abutment, and that said second set of tools further comprises a second guide adapted to the second pad plate and an abutment (14 ') arranged in front of the second punching tool (13'), the dimension of which corresponds to the dimension of the second punching tool, the dimension of the periphery of the first punching tool (13) of the first set of tools being different or partly corresponding to or completely corresponds to the dimension of the periphery of the second punch tool of the second set of tools. . Device according to claim 6, characterized in that a special set of pad (11) and guide plate (12) is provided for each set of punching tools (13) and abutment (14). . Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the different dimension consists in that the periphery of the punching tool of the first set is a predetermined distance (B) smaller or larger than the periphery of the punching tool of the second set. . Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the radially external dimension of said first punching tool is the distance (B) greater than or less than and within at least one predetermined area equal to the radially external dimension of said second punching tools. Device according to any one of claims 6 - 9, characterized in that said further distance (B) is within an area plasticized by the penetration of the first tool.