SE0950400A1 - Method and apparatus for punching or cutting a component from a sheet of metal or similar material - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for punching / cutting a part out of a workpiece, such as a sheet of metal or a material with a similar structure, and is characterized in that a first punching tool is pressed against a workpiece, that an abutment is pressed with an abutment force against the punching tool on the opposite workpiece. side, wherein the force of the punching tool is greater than the force of the abutment, that when the punched part is at least partially or completely penetrated through the workpiece said part is returned to the workpiece to substantially its initial position by the force of the abutment being greater than the force / or either partially or completely corresponding, radially external dimension, preferably corresponding detail even intended final design, penetrates through the material and punches / cuts out detail even intended contour and that detail one is subsequently ejected from the workpiece. (Pig. Sd)

Description

10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 2 Brief description of the invention The object is fulfilled by a method according to the characterizing part of claim 1 and a device according to the characterizing part of claim 6.

The subclaims state advantageous embodiments of the invention.

By inserting the first punched part back into the material in a subsequent step, the edge of the van can be minimized by cutting it with a punch and one in the next step cushions, which cut along their periphery either outside or inside the cut in it first step and / or in some special cases also along this cut surface. It is too possible that the second cutting operation is performed inside, outside and or in the first the average. As an example, some parts of the clip in the other clip operation may tion takes place outside, because in some areas of the finished product has the other the cutting operation took place in the first cut. In the second cutting operation, one takes place form of abrasion in the material area compared to the cut in the first step. In a last step is fed the finished detail one out. Through this new operation according to the finding reduces the vane edge to disappear completely in some cases, which means that the thickness of detail even edge area is maintained or becomes only slightly smaller than at conventional punching or cutting apparatus, where detail is punched / cut out and fed away in two surgical steps.

With a method that can minimize the edge, you can reduce material consumption and thus having a cost-effective production that affects the environment in positive teeth.

The thickness of the finished part no longer needs to be adapted to the edge size, which in turn means that in many cases one can maintain or only minimally increase the thickness to achieve an optimal end product.

Vankanten is a natural phenomenon that is normally created during cutting / punching.

Factors that have a major impact on the size of the vane edge are material the quality and its mechanical properties, material thickness and detail even design and tool design.

By, as in the method according to the invention, first feeding a punched detail back into the punch hole, the vane edge can consequently be reduced to the minimum, which gives a qualitatively significantly better end product. With a minimized disadvantage you can reduce material consumption and thus have a cost-effective production that affects the environment in positive terms. 10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 3 Because the finished part is cut in a close-fitting clip and / or in some cases limited or completely in the same cutting section in a second cutting operation occur consequently, the abrasion of the material in the second clip by surrounding material was affected in the first cutting operation, where a detail is either completely cut out out or remains partially in the cutting hole and then returned to the cutting hole.

The method and device according to the invention can be applied to both interiors contour as external contour depending on detail even design. Choice of procedure steps and tools are based on detail even design.

The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, showing preferred embodiments.

Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a workpiece in an operation step punched detail according to prior art.

Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a device according to recovery.

Figures 3a -d schematically show a first embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Figures 4a - d schematically show a second embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Figures 5a - d schematically show a third embodiment of a method according to the invention.

Description of preferred embodiments of the invention Similar details that appear in the different embodiments in the drawings have given the same reference designation. This means, for example, that power components with the same reference numeral in different figures are not necessarily affected by the same force, but the force exerted in the specific case is dependent on the nature and thickness of the material as well as other known factors.

Referring to Fig. 1, a detail 1 is shown which according to the prior art has been punched or cut out of a workpiece 2, usually a sheet metal, in the direction of an arrow 3.

Regardless of the size of the cutting gap, a conventional cutting surface is created during conventional hole cutting with the following characteristic properties: On the so-called the side edge arises as well on the material 2 which in detail a 1 an edge rounding, s.k. vankant 4, followed by an i mostly "straight" (cylindrical or prismatic) blank zone 5 with a good surface. Thereafter follows 10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 4 a fracture zone 5 with an uneven surface and a widening hole cross section, so-called release ot. The punched detail a 1 finally has on the so-called the degree side at a degree edge 7 an axial projecting degree of cutting 8. Of these details, the blank zone 5 is the most important criterion for the quality of the hole 9.

The blank zone 5 corresponds to the cross-sectional dimensions of the hole 9 and constitutes the functional of the hole while the length of the blank zone 5 in extreme cases can be absolutely decisive for a hole feature. The blank zone 5 is of relatively minor importance in the case of requirements set in the north.

In conventional cutting, the blank zone occupies approx. 30 - 50% of the plate thickness, while with fine cutting you can cut with a blank zone up to 100% of the plate thickness.

The cutting grade 8 reflects the product quality and the tool's production capacity and its height increases with the wear of the punch and pad. When the degree rises it reaches one maximum permissible value, the tool must be sharpened.

The device 10 according to the invention, which is shown schematically in Fig. 2 and which relates to a operating steps in the process, comprises a pad 11, which is normally fixed to the device. tool parts 10 (not shown) and against which the workpiece or material 2 rests, a guide plate 12, which is movably mounted to be able to insert and remove one workpiece 2 in the device 10, a punching tool 13, which is movable towards and from the workpiece 2 and whose design corresponds in the pad 11 and the guide plate 12 occupied holes corresponding to the outer shapes of the part 1 to be cut / punched and an abutment 14, the shape of which corresponds to the hole in the pad 11. In the various steps described below in Figs. 3 - 5, pad 11, guide plate 12, punching tool 13 and abutment 14 may have corresponding, but different dimensions to perform the special step in the process according to the invention for punching / cutting a part 1, which will to be described in more detail below. I f1g. 3 - 5 have the parts included in the device in addition to the punching tools 13 and the abutments 14 have been omitted and their movements replaced with arrows 15 - 18, where 15 denotes the punching movement of the punch in the figures or the force, 15 "denotes the reverse movement of the punch, 16 denotes the resistance of the punch 14 resistance towards the punch 13, 16 ”denotes the inverse of the resistance 14 movement, 17 denotes the force of the guide plate in one direction or the force of the tumbler and 18 denotes the force of the pad in the opposite direction. Although arrows 15 - 18 denotes forces / movements of the constituent parts of the device, it is by the following description makes it clear that these requirements / movements only refer to relative directions and also that the constituent parts may have different dimensions both in them 10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 5 different embodiments as in the individual operation steps in the process. I fi g. 3 - 5 shows preferred embodiments of the device according to the invention, where the punching tool 13 can be arranged above or below the workpiece 2 with the abutment 14 on the opposite side of the workpiece 2, but this is only one exemplified variant. The device according to the invention may be within the scope of the claims performed in another way, for example where the punching tool is on one side a horizontal or skewed workpiece.

The method according to the invention means in principle that it for the manufacture of a intended part 1 is first punched / cut in the direction of the force component 15 for punching. the tool 13 and in the direction 16 of the force component for the abutment 14 so that it punched part is pushed a distance A out of the material. The distance A or as hereinafter referred to as the "expressed distance" is advantageously smaller than that of the material thickness, i.e. the punched part is cut out and advantageously penetrated at least partially or even completely through the workpiece. The return stroke in the direction 15 ”for the punching tool and 16 ”for the abutment thus takes place with advantage when the punched part is still in contact with the workpiece 2 around the cutting hole. Thereby returned consequently, return the part back into the workpiece 2 to the next work step a cutting operation must be carried out with another, in the plane of the material in terms of the area completely or partly smaller, larger or equal punching tool depending on which part / parts of detail one as a minimum vanity should be achieved. There are cases where only parts of the punch in the second cutting operation has the same dimension as in the first cutting operation.

By returning the punched part into the workpiece 2, the area has around the cutting hole after the first cutting operation plasticized, ie. floats something, which at subsequent cutting operation, where a new punching tool with a different dimension cuts through the plasticized area, results in the remaining edge 4 (see Fig. 1) remaining on the finished detail a 1 after the second cutting step becomes considerably smaller than before known fine cutting procedures in a single step. The vane edge 4 thus becomes minimal for to occur in some cases not at all. In Figs. 3-5, the difference in peripheral size of the various punching tools are illustrated below with the designation B or as below referred to as the "difference in surface area". The distance B thus denotes the difference in the main plane of the material between different cutting or punching tools (in the drawings comparable to a substantially horizontal direction). During the second cutting operation performs a type of "scraping operation". The scraping operation can thus be performed on both internal contour as external contour depending on detail even design. In this second cutting step, the outer edge of the punch along its periphery can be dimension B either larger or 10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 6 less than the dimensions of the punching tool in the first cutting step depending on the detail which is to be punched must have an inner contour or an outer contour with a minimal vane, such as an inner thread resp. an outer thread on a gear. Reference numeral C below denotes the width of the plasticized zone closest to the cutting tool in a direction in the main plane of the material. The reference numeral D below denotes the height of the plasticized zone closest to the cutting tool in a direction perpendicular to the main plane of the material. Reference numeral 19 denotes a rigging edge in the guide plate 12.

The V-ring cuts into the workpiece for its axing and runs around the part, which should cut or punched out.

Below is a description of three embodiments of how to cut with a reduced edge is achieved by the method according to the invention when punching / cutting out a part 1 from a metal plate or a material 2 with similar properties.

I f1g. 3a - f describe a method according to the invention for punching / cutting out a plane component.

I f1g. 3a shows Step 1, where the punch 13 penetrates the material 2 through the force 15 by means of the abutment force 16 of the abutment 14 and the abutment forces 17 of the guide plate 12, which forces act throughout the step. Dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures varies with the cutting force, material properties, material thickness and detail even design.

Fig. 3b shows Step 2, where the punch 12 is "pulled out" of the material 2, which usually takes place in the same operation as Step 1. Here, too, a restraining force (ejection) occurs 15 ”and tumbler forces 17 during the whole step, ie. s.k. Pushback technology.

Alternatively, "pushback" technology login can take place in a separate Step 2. The consequence will be that an extra step is added to the tool (Step 2 becomes Step 3, etc.). Choice of method (pushback) is linked to the press and the tool's capabilities. The pressures vary here with the cutting force, the material's properties, material thickness and detail even design.

I f1g. 3c shows Step 3, where the punch 12 leaves the material. The cut material part is pressed in the strip / material 2.

I f1g. 3d shows Step 4, where a new punching tool 13 ”penetrates the material 2 again. In this In this case, the dimension B of the punching tool 13 ”is less than the outer edge of the punching tool 13 in Step 1. The corresponding adapted abutment 14 ”as well as the pad and guide plate are also 10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 7 arranged in this Step. In the case of a substantially round detail, this corresponds to a radius that is had B less. An abutment force 16 adapted to dimension B and the like tumbling forces 17 occur throughout the step. During the operation, chafing is performed. the operation, which can thus be performed on both the inner contour and the outer contour depending on the detail even design. Dimensions A (the expressed distance) and B (the difference in outer pressure) and the pressures vary here with the properties of the material, material thickness and the design of the detail.

Fig. 3e shows Step 5, where the punch 12 leaves the material 2. Here the tumbler force is 16 "Active" and the resistance force (ejection) is zero. The pressures vary here as well cutting force, material properties, material thickness and even design.

Fig. 3f shows Step 6, where it is shown how the pre-cut part a 1 is ejected from the pad and is evacuated out of the tool in the direction of the arrow 20.

I fi g. 4a - g describe a method according to the invention for punching / cutting one flat and shaped component.

I f1g. 4a shows Step 1, where the punching tool 13 penetrates the material 2 through the force 21 by means of the abutment forces 22 and the restraining forces 17 of the abutment 14, which act throughout the step. The dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures vary here with cutting force, material properties, material thickness and even design.

I f1g. 4b shows Step 2, where the punching tool 13 is "pulled out" of the material 2. Here one works resistance force (ejection) 22 and support forces 17 throughout the process, ie. Pushback technology. Alternatively, the pushback technology can be done in step 2.

The consequence is an extra step in the tool (Step 2 becomes Step 3, etc.). Choice of method (pushback) is linked to the press and the tool's capabilities. The pressures vary here with the shear force, material properties, material thickness and detail design.

Fig. 4c shows Step 3, where the punching tool 12 leaves the material. The cut the material part is pressed into the strip / material 2.

I frg. 4d shows Step 4, where a new punching tool 13 ”penetrates the material 2 again while force 23, fixed from the opposite direction. Here seems to be a new adapted counterweight 14 ” holding force 24 and holding forces 17 throughout the process. During the operation the scraping operation is performed, which can thus be performed on both the internal contour and 10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 8 external contour depending on detail even design. In this case, you want to achieve one inner contour with minimal vane. Dimensions A (the expressed distance) and B (the difference in outer reaches) and the pressures vary here with the properties of the material, material thickness and detail even design.

Fig. 4e shows Step 5, where the punching tool 13 "leaves the material 2 with the force 25, the holding force 17 is "active" and the holding force (ejection) is equal to zero.

The pressures vary here with the shear force, the material's properties, material thickness and detail even design.

I fi g. 4f shows Step 6, where an additional new wider punching tool 13 ”penetrates the material 2 with the force 26 to produce a wider detail 1 ”. Here seems one adapted abutment 14 ”abutment force 27 and restraint forces 17 throughout the process. The dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures vary here with the material's properties, material thickness and detail even design.

I fi g. 4g shows Step 7, where it is shown how the pre-cut part a 1 ”is ejected from the pad, the punching tool 13 ”° leaves the material 2 with the force 28 and how detail one evacuated from the tool in the direction of an arrow 29.

I fi g. 5a - g describe a method according to the invention for punching / cutting one flat and shaped component.

Fig. 5a shows Step 1, where the punching tool 13 penetrates the material 2 by the force 15 by means of the abutment forces 16 and tumbler forces 17 of the abutment 14, which act throughout the step. Dimensions A (the expressed distance), C (plasticization width) and D (plasticization height) and the pressures here vary with the cutting force, the material properties, material thickness and detail even design.

Fig. 5b shows Step 2, where the punching tool 13 is "pulled out" of the material 2 with a force 30.

Here the abutment force of the abutment 14 (expulsion) 31 and the abutment forces 17 act below the whole process i.e. "Pushback" technology. Alternatively, “pushbackïtekno lo gin take place in step 2. The consequence is an extra step in the tool (step 2 becomes step 3, etc.). Choice of method (pushback) is linked to the press and the tool's possibilities. The pressure varies here with the cutting force, the material's properties, material thickness and detail even design. 10 15 20 25 30 35 90162 9 Fig. 5c shows Step 3, where the punching tool 13 and the abutment 14 leave the material. The the cut material part is pressed here in the strip / material 2.

Fig. 5d shows Step 4, where a new punching tool 13 ”with the dimension B wider radius penetrates the material 2 again with a force 32. Here a new adapted abutment acts 14 ”holding force 33 and holding forces 17 throughout the process. During the operation is performed the scraping operation, which can thus be performed on both the inside contour as external contour depending on detail even design. Dimension A (the expressed the distance) and B (the difference in outer reach) and the pressures here vary with the material properties, material thickness and detail even design.

Fig. 5e shows Step 5, where the punching tool 13 ”leaves the material 2 with the force 34.

The restraining force 17 is here "active" and the restraining force of the abutment 14 is "ejection" equal to zero. The pressures vary here with the shear force, the properties of the material, material thickness and detail even design.

I fi g. 5f shows Step 6, where a new wider punching tool 13 ”” penetrates the material 2 with force 35, it is a new abutment 14 "" abutment force 36 and tumbler force 16 throughout the process. The dimension A (the expressed distance) and the pressures vary here with the material's properties, material thickness and detail even design.

Fig. 5g shows Step 7, where it is shown how the punching tool 13 "" leaves the material 2 with the force 37 and how the pre-cut part 1 ”” is ejected from the cushion and evacuated out of the tool in the direction of an arrow 38.

Although in the drawings for the sake of clarity the same reference numerals have been used for them different embodiments, of course, both dimensions and force components can vary in depending on the material to be processed.

The shape of the finished part is also not locked to that shown in the embodiments but can vary as well as the form of the tools depending on the detail to be manufactured.

The method shown according to the invention can also be used in series production, in in which case the number of punching tools and other components are arranged in groups or the punching / cutting operations take place one after the other on one and the same metal plate. 90162 10 The method and device of the invention can, of course, be modified within within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (1)

A method of punching / cutting a part of a workpiece, such as a sheet of metal or a material of similar structure, characterized by the steps of pressing a first punching tool against a workpiece, that an abutment force is pressed with an abutment force against the punching tool on the opposite side of the workpiece, the punching tool force being greater than the force of the abutment, that when the punched part is at least partially or completely penetrated through the workpiece said part is returned into the workpiece to substantially its starting position. greater than the force of the punching tool, that at least one second punching tool and corresponding abutment both with different and / or either partially or completely corresponding, radially external dimension, preferably corresponding to the final design, are penetrated through the material and punch / cut out the detailed contour and detail one is then ejected from the workpiece t. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that a special set of pad and guide plate is arranged adapted for each set of punching tools and abutments. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said at least one further punching tool and corresponding abutment are dimensioned so that during the punching / cutting operation they cut through said workpiece at a predetermined distance (B) from the blank zone of the first tool, said predetermined distances are preferably within an area plasticized by penetration of the first tool. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the radially external dimension of said first punching tool is the distance (B) smaller or greater than the radially external dimension of said second punching tool. Method according to any one of claims 1 - 3, characterized in that the radially external dimension of said first punching tool is the distance (B) greater than or less than and within at least a predetermined area equal to the radially external dimension of said second punching tool. Device for carrying out the method according to claims 1-5 for punching / cutting a part (1) from a workpiece (2), such as a sheet of metal or similar material, comprising a first set of a pad (11), preferably a guide plate (12) adapted to the pad, a punching tool (13) penetratable through the pad and an abutment (14) arranged on the opposite side of the workpiece, characterized in that the device further comprises at least one further set of tools comprising a the workpiece receiving guide plate, a pad, a punching tool (13 ") and an abutment (14 °), the periphery of the punching tool of the first set having a different dimension than and / or either wholly or partly the same dimension as the periphery of the punching tool of the second set. . Device according to claim 6, characterized in that a special set of pad and guide plate is arranged for each set of punching tools and abutments. . Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the different dimension consists in that the periphery of the punching tool in the first set is a predetermined distance (B) smaller or larger than the periphery of the punching tool in the second set. Device according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the radially external dimension of said first punching tool is the distance (B) greater than or less than and within at least a predetermined area equal to the radially external dimension of said second punching tool. Device according to any one of claims 6 - 9, characterized in that said further distance (B) lies within an area plasticized by the penetration of the first tool.