SE533796C2 - Solar energy system comprising a space in the roof of a building - Google Patents

Description

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION These objects are achieved by a solar energy system comprising a space in the roof or wall of a building, in which space a flowing medium can be circulated between an inlet opening and an outlet opening, characterized in that a plurality of beams are arranged between the inlet and the outlet. the outlet opening, which beams are permeable to the medium to allow media flow between the inlet opening and the outlet opening. By arranging a number of beams in the space, it is ensured that the light-absorbing material layer, which delimits the space outwards and the batten, which supports the roof tiles, receive the necessary support. Furthermore, the permeability of the beams means that the medium can flow from the inlet opening to the outlet opening regardless of the number of beams arranged in the space. Thereby it is achieved that the solar energy system according to the invention becomes more fl visible and can be adapted to all loads such as snow load, personal load, etc., which can occur during installation and use of the solar energy system on existing buildings or during new production. The possible size of the space is then limited only by the ceiling or wall size.

In a first preferred embodiment, each media-permeable beam comprises an elongate first element, an elongate second element and a web provided with openings, which web connects the first and second elements to each other.

In a variant, the waist consists of a series of spaced spacers, which have, for example, a circular or oval cross-section. In a second preferred embodiment, each media-permeable beam is made of metal or composite material and comprises a base and two legs extending from the base, each leg comprising a series of openings.

Said space is delimited outwards by a gas-tight, light-absorbing material layer. inwards, the space is limited by a material layer, which may consist of a wall or roof layer in the building in which the solar energy system is installed or a material layer added in connection with the installation of the solar energy system.

Said space may be arranged on the roof of a building and the media-permeable beams may extend from a eaves or from each eaves in the direction of the ridge. The media-permeable beams can also extend horizontally instead of in the direction of the ridge. In such an embodiment the distance between the roof trusses suitably constitutes a multiple of the distance between the spacer element and the permeable beams are arranged in said space so that a spacer element is located vertically above each truss. In a wall or on a roof, the beam can also be mounted diagonally in order to form a supporting strut.

Said space is advantageously divided into two sub-spaces between the inlet and outlet opening, the space containing the inlet opening being smaller than the space containing the outlet opening, and that there is a passage between the two sub-spaces, which passage is located at the opposite end of the sub-spaces in relation to the inlet. and the outlet opening. By such a design, a self-circulation of flowing medium between inlet and outlet can occur in the space when light is incident on the light-absorbing material layer. 533 796 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures, of which; fi g. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a space included in a solar energy stone according to a first dry embodiment of the invention with the light-absorbing layer removed, fi g. 2 schematically shows a cross-sectional view from the side of a part of the solar energy system, fi g.3 schematically shows a perspective view of a part of a media-permeable beam according to a second preferred embodiment, fi g. 4 schematically shows a side view of the beam in 3 gur 3, fi g. S shows a cross-sectional view along the line V-V in Figure 4, fi g. 6 and 7 show the same views as Figure 5 of beams. which are variants of the beam in Figure 3, fi g. 8 schematically shows a perspective view of a part of a media-permeable beam according to a third preferred embodiment, and fi g. 9 shows a side view of the beam in figure 8. 533 796 DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Figure 1 schematically shows a space 1 included in a solar energy system according to the invention. The space 1 is delimited laterally by beams 2,3 or similar elements, upwards by a roof ridge 4 or a beam depending on whether the space is arranged in a wall or on a roof, downwards by a eaves board 5 or beam, inwards by a layer of material 6 and outwards of a light-absorbing layer, which is not shown in figure 1. Furthermore, the space comprises an inlet opening 7 and an outlet opening 8.

The space 1 is filled by means of a suitable medium. If the medium in the space 1 is air, the openings 2 and 3 can be connected directly to the air inside the building, otherwise to the inlet and outlet of a heat exchanger or other type of heat-absorbing component in an energy storage or energy-emitting device. In the described embodiment, the flowing medium is air.

Inside the space 1, a row of beams 9-13 is arranged. Beams 9-13 extend parallel to each other and with the short sides 2.3 of the space. Furthermore, the height of the beams 9-13 is equal to the distance between the inner material layer 6 and the light-absorbing layer, which is necessary for them to be able to fulfill their supporting function. Air can thus not pass under or over the beams 9-13, apart from any leakage that may occur due to irregularities or the like at the upper or lower sides of the beams.

The beams 9-13 each consist of 1-beams with a girder 14, a lower beam 15 and a web 16. The web 16 of the beam 9 is provided with an opening 17 while the beams 10-13 of the beams are provided with at least two openings 17. The only the opening 17 in the beam 9 is located at the end of the beam which is located furthest from the inlet opening 7. The beam 9 divides the space 1 into a first sub-space, which contains the inlet opening 533 796 7, and a second sub-space, which contains the outlet opening 8. By this placement of the beam 9 with an opening 17 achieves that the air must flow downwards in the first subspace and through the opening 17 in the beam 9, which opens into a lower part of the second subspace. Because the second subspace containing the outlet opening 8 is larger than the first subspace containing the inlet opening, a self-circulation in the space 1 is obtained when light heats the air in the space 1 so that an air flow from the inlet 7 goes down into the first subspace and flows into the second subspace through the opening 17 in the beam 9, after which the air in the second sub-space flows towards the outlet 8. Since the beams 10-13 each contain at least two openings 17 each, this air flow towards the outlet 8 is not hindered to any appreciable extent. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the beam 9 containing only one opening is located closest to the inlet opening 7, which gives the smallest possible first subspace and thus the largest size difference between the first and the second subspace. It is of course possible instead to let the beam 9 change places with one of the other beams, e.g. beam 10 in Figure 1 to thereby change the size ratios between the first and second subspaces. In the example shown, the beams 9-13 are placed so that they also fulfill a load-bearing function, e.g. of the batten for the roof tiles if the space 1 is located on a roof, and are therefore arranged at equal distances from each other. If you want a different size ratio between the first and second subspace than is allowed by the beams' load-bearing function, it is of course possible to place a beam in any place with only one opening or the end of which does not reach the lower edge of the space 1 between other beams in space. Such a beam then has only a delimiting function and thus does not have to extend parallel to the other beams. If such a delimiting beam only is used, all other beams in the space l shall have at least two openings 17. 533 796 The beams 10-13 shown in Figure 1 with two openings are only shown as schernatic examples. The web 16 of these beams may have fl your openings 17 than the two shown on the uren clock and the openings may have a different shape, e.g. circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, etc., and dimensions other than those shown in figures. The life does not have to be built up of a piece of material, from which openings have been punched or otherwise received, but can be built up of rods or similar elements, which form a truss.

Figure 2 shows in a cross-sectional view a part of the solar energy system in an embodiment, in which the space 1 is arranged on a roof. As previously stated, the space 1 is limited outwards by a layer 18 of a light-absorbing material, for example a black-painted layer of metal, non-woven fabric or other material. The layer 6 which delimited the space 1 inwards can be a spontaneous ceiling, cardboard, masonite etc. or an insulating cloth or a plastic layer. Furthermore, the beams 2.9-13.3 support a row of horizontally mounted support battens 19, on which the roof tiles 20 are suspended.

The roof tiles 20 are transparent so that light incident thereon passes through the tiles and hits the light-absorbing layer 18. The roof tiles may, for example, be made of glass or plastic or other transparent material.

When light hits the layer 18, which is advantageously black or has some other shade or color which promotes light absorption, the light is converted into heat, which is then emitted to the air in the space 1. Due to the different size ratios between the first subspace and the second subspace, a self-circulation starts when the temperature in the room exceeds the temperature in the room that is intended to be heated. It is of course possible to support this self-circulation with the aid of one or more fl spikes, which also gives the advantage that the start and course of the air circulation can be optionally controlled. Figures 3-7 show a second embodiment of beam 21 for use in the space 1. Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a part of the beam 21 arranged between a light-absorbing layer 18 and a material layer 6, for example a spontaneous ceiling, in figure 4 a part of the beam 21 is shown in a side view and in Fig. 5 the beam 21 is shown in a cross-sectional view. The beam 21 consists of a beam with a girder 22, a girder 23 and a web consisting of a row of spaced apart spacer elements 24, of which only one is shown in figure 3. The beam shown in figure 3 is arranged horizontally on a roof and extends across the entire width of the roof. Figure 3 also shows an upper U-shaped strip 25 of metal, on which light-transmissive roof tiles can be hung and which replaces a conventional batten. Due to the presence of the horizontal strip 21 below the light-absorbing layer 18, the strip 25 can be given smaller dimensions than conventional supporting battens, which means that it casts less shadow on the light-absorbing layer than a conventional supporting battens. To allow any water to drain on the light-absorbing layer, the U-shaped strip 25 is provided with a series of openings 27. If this U-shaped strip is given the same color or shade as the light-absorbing layer 18, it absorbs light and visually fuses with it. lj non-absorbent layer. The upper and lower bodies 22 and 23, respectively, have bevelled edges in the embodiment shown so that they have the shape of truncated triangles in cross section with the tops facing each other. This reduces the pressure drop when air flows through the free spaces between the spacer element 24. It is of course possible to give the upper and lower beams another cross-sectional shape, for example square or rectangular. The bevelled edges can also be given an arcuate shape.

The spacer elements 24 have a rectangular cross-section in the embodiment shown, but these elements can also be given a different cross-sectional shape. Figure 6 shows in a 533 796 similar cross-sectional view as Figure 5 a variant of spacer element 24 '. in which the opposite edges of the spacer elements in cross section have a triangular shape.

Other cross-sectional shapes, such as arcuate, are conceivable. A spacer element with arcuate facing edges can be designed so that its cross-sectional shape becomes circular or oval. Figure 7 shows a beam 21, which has a spacer element 24 "with a circular cross-section.

When placing the beams 21 horizontally, a separating element must of course be arranged in the space 1 if it is desired to utilize the advantage of a self-circulation of the air in the space, which arises through different large sub-spaces.

Beams 21 can of course also be placed so that they extend from the eaves to the ridge instead of horizontally, such as beams 9-13 in Figure 1. Of course, such a arrangement of beams 21 also requires a separating element, which either replaces one of the beams 21. or placed between two of these. In such a placement of the beams 21, the spacer elements 24 'can be formed with a V-shaped cross-section on only one of the facing edges, the beams being arranged so that the V-shaped tip of the spacer elements is directed downwards in the first subspace, where the gas flows downwards, and upwards in the second sub-space, where the gas flows upwards.

Figures 8 and 9 show a third embodiment of an air-permeable beam 27 suitable for use in the space 1 in the same views as Figures 3 and 4. This beam 27 is made of metal and has a U-like shape with a base 28 and two legs 29.30. The leg 30 in the embodiment shown forms an angle of 900 with the base 28 while the leg 29 forms a larger, obtuse angle with the base 28 than the leg 30. The legs 29, 30 are terminated by two unfolded fistulas, which are used to attach the beam to the base, which for example, may consist of a 533 796 spontaneous ceiling or of the trusses of the roof. Furthermore, the legs 29, 30 each have a row of arch-like openings 31, which extend along the length of the beam 27. The shape and size of the openings 31 can be varied as well as their location. For example, they may be circular or oval openings extending in a row or two or more relatively offset rows along the length of the beam 27.

In the embodiment shown, the beam 27 extends horizontally across the roof width and a strip 32 is attached to the base 28 of the beam 27 with screws extending through the intermediate light absorbing layer 18. Joining devices other than screws or rivets can of course be used to join the batten ( the strip 32), light-absorbing layers and beam 27. The strip 32 has an L-shaped lower part 33 and a cross member 34. One leg 35 of the L-shaped lower part 33 constitutes an attachment part for attaching the strip to the base while a row of openings 37 extends along the length of the strip 32 to allow drainage of any water flowing in between the roof tiles, which are supported by the beam 27 and the strip 32, and the light-absorbing layer 18.

The strip 32 offers the same advantages as the strip 25. as described with reference to Figure 3, compared to a conventional supporting batten.

All the beams described can be arranged to extend from the eaves of a roof to its ridge or to extend horizontally or alternatively diagonally. In an embodiment according to Figures 3-7, where the beam extends horizontally, the spacer elements should be arranged so that a spacer element ends up over each truss.

For example, the center distance between the spacer elements can be adapted to a center distance of both 60 cm and 120 cm in trusses. Other distances between the trusses of course provide other center distances between the spacer elements. In general it can be said that the distance between the roof trusses should be an integer multiple of the distance between the spacer elements. 533 796 ll In all the described embodiments, the media-permeable beams are placed above the trusses in roof application, which is preferred. Of course, it is also possible to place the beams under the trusses instead and let the spaces between the trusses form part of the space 1.

In the described embodiments, the space 1 can be designed on existing roof constructions and the described beams constitute additional or replacement beams for already existing construction elements. In new production, however, the space 1 can be provided in a simple manner by the roof trusses being made of permeable beams according to one of the embodiments, Lex. beams 2, 3, 9 ~ l3 can form trusses in a newly produced building. Of course, the beam dimensions must be adapted to the loads to be carried.

The media permeable beams in Figures 1-7 may be made of wood. metal while the beam according to Figures 8 and 9 is made of metal. It is also conceivable to use plastic or coin deposit materials. The light-absorbing layer may consist of black-painted sheet metal or of a fibrous web coated with a thin layer of metal and on top of this a thin layer of dark color. A layer based on fibrous fabric is preferred for assembly and handling reasons. Flexible materials other than fibrous fabric can be used in a light-absorbing layer coated with metal and paint layers.

The described embodiments can of course be varied within the scope of the invention, especially with regard to shapes of elements included in the beams. For example, U-beams with short legs can be used in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 instead of I-beams. Tubular beams with indent-permeable opposite sides can also be used. Furthermore, the legs of the beam shown in Figure 8 can form the same angle with the base and not different angles. Although the description of the embodiments has mainly focused on ceiling application of the solar energy system, this can also be applied to walls. The flowing medium does not have to be lu fi, even if this is preferred, but may consist of another gas or gas mixture or of liquid medium, for example water. If media other than air are used, higher demands are placed on the density of the space. Furthermore, the inlet and / or outlet opening can consist of more than one opening and more than one space 1 can be arranged on a roof or a wall. The invention should therefore be limited only by the content of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

10 15 20 25 533 796 13 Patent claims A solar energy system comprising a space (1) in the roof of a building, which space is delimited outwards by a layer (18) of a light-absorbing material and inwards by a layer of material (6), in which space a flowing medium can be circulated between an inlet opening (7 ) and an outlet opening (8), a number of beams (9-13; 21; 27) being arranged in the flow path of the medium between the inlet opening (7) and the outlet opening (8), which beams are media permeable to allow media flow between the inlet opening and the outlet opening. in that the media-permeable beams (9-13; 21; 27) extend horizontally, the beams being arranged to support a supporting batten on which transparent roof tiles are intended to be suspended. The system of claim 1, wherein each media permeable beam comprises an elongate first member (14; 22), an elongate second member (15; 23) and an apertured web (16; 24; 24 '; 24 ") connecting the first and second elements with each other. A system according to claim 2, wherein the web is constituted by a series of spaced apart elements (24g24 '; 24' '). A system according to claim 3, wherein the spacer elements have a circular or oval cross-section. The system of claim 1, wherein each media permeable beam (27) is made of metal or composite material and comprises a base (28) and two legs (29, 30) extending from the base, each leg comprising a series of openings (31). ). 10 533 796 14 A system according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein said outwardly delimiting light-absorbing material layer (18) is gas-tight. A system according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the distance between the roof trusses is a multiple of the distance between the spacer elements (24; 24 '; 24 ") and the media-permeable beams (21) are arranged in said space (1) so that a spacer element is located vertically above each truss. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said space (1) is divided into two sub-spaces between the inlet and outlet opening, the space containing the inlet opening (7) being smaller than the space containing the outlet opening (8), and a passage (17 ) is located between the two sub-spaces, which passage is located at the opposite end of the sub-spaces in relation to the inlet (7) and the outlet opening (8).