JP2006266002A - Roof structure - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a roof structure for improving efficiency in heating and cooling, easy in construction with a simple structure, reducing cost and weight, and capable of preventing the deformation or damage of a roof material, by preventing the corrosion of a sheathing roof board by exhausting the moisture of an attic outdoors. <P>SOLUTION: This roof structure has the sheathing roof board 11 and a roofing 30 laid on an upper surface of this sheathing roof board 11, and is formed by laying the roof material on an upper surface of this roofing 30. The roofing 30 has a moisture permeable waterproof sheet and a three-dimensional ventilation member having a ventilation passage in the three-dimensional direction. While securing waterproofness by the moisture permeable waterproof sheet, a roof ventilation passage 14 is formed between the sheathing roof board 11 and the roof material by the three-dimensional ventilation member. This roof ventilation passage 14 is continuously connected to an intake part 25 and a ventilation exhaust part 45. Outside air is made flow to the intake part 25, the roof ventilation passage 14 and the ventilation exhaust part 45, and moisture of the attic absorbed in the sheathing roof board 11 is evaporated by being permeated into the roof ventilation passage 14 by moisture permeability of the moisture permeable waterproof sheet, and is exhausted outdoors from the ventilation exhaust part 45. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a roof structure in a house or the like.

  As shown in FIG. 6 (a), the conventional roof structure of a house or the like has an asphalt structure on the top surface of a field board 11 supported by a rafter 10 in order to more reliably waterproof the field board from wind and rain. A waterproof roofing 12 (for example, asphalt roofing) is used and a metal plate 13 (for example, a galvanized iron plate) or a flat tile (for example, a flat slate tile) is used as a roofing material on the waterproof roofing 12. Is common. In such a roof, construction is easy because the metal plate 13 and the flat roof tile are in contact with the surface of the waterproof roofing 12, and the construction is easy. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the metal plate 13 from being deformed or the flat roof tile from being damaged due to, for example, wind pressure or the weight of a person working on the roof.

  However, since the field board 11 and the waterproof roofing 12 and the waterproof roofing 12 and the metal plate 13 (or flat roof tiles) are in direct contact with each other, the heat insulation between the outdoors and the attic cannot be made sufficient. The efficiency of air conditioning will decrease. In addition, the base plate that has absorbed moisture from the attic that has been condensed due to changes in the outside air temperature is prevented from evaporating its moisture by the waterproof roofing 12, and the temperature rises by direct sunlight through the waterproof roofing 12. Since it is exposed to the temperature rise of the metal plate 13 (or flat roof tile), there is a possibility that it will eventually corrode over time.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the first field board 11a and the second field board 11b are attached in parallel by using the ventilation rafter 10a, that is, a ventilation structure is provided between the field boards having a double structure. A moisture permeable and waterproof roofing 12a having a waterproof property and a moisture permeable property to transmit moisture is formed on the upper surface of the second field plate 11b by supporting the first field plate 11a with a rafter 10 and the like. It has been proposed to lay a flat roof tile or a metal plate 13 directly on the moisture-permeable and waterproof roofing 12a. In such a roof, the space between the field plates is connected to the opening provided in the eaves and the opening provided in the building (ventilation building), and the air flowing in from the eaves opening opens to the ventilation building. An air passage (roof air passage) is formed (Non-Patent Document 1). Therefore, the attic moisture absorbed by the first field board 11a evaporates and is absorbed by the air flow flowing from the opening of the eaves and flowing through the roof ventilation passage, and is discharged from the ventilation building. Moisture between the second base plate 11b and the roofing material such as a metal plate is also absorbed by the second base plate 11b through the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 12a and in contact with the air flow in the roof vent passage. Since it evaporates and is absorbed and discharged from the ventilation building, it is possible to prevent the base plates 11a and 11b from being corroded by moisture. Further, since the roof air passage forms a heat insulation space between the attic and the roof material such as the metal plate 13 exposed to direct sunlight or cold air, it is possible to improve the cooling / heating efficiency of the house, and the metal plate 13. Since the roof material such as can be directly spread on the upper surface of the moisture-permeable and waterproof roofing 12a, deformation or breakage of the roof material can be prevented.
"Energy-saving reform housing proposal, design and construction guide (new revised edition)", Japan Housing Equipment Systems Association, March 2004, pages 3-6-8 to 3-6-11

  However, in the structure of a roof that forms a roof air passage using a double structure base plate, even if moisture such as the attic can be discharged to the outside through the roof air passage, Even if it is possible to improve the cooling and heating efficiency by forming a heat insulation space between the two, the structure becomes complicated due to the double structure, and the number of members increases, requiring a complicated construction period. Longer time and cost increase, and further, the weight of the roof increases because the base plate (for example, a thickness of about 12 mm) is doubled. The present invention has been made to solve these problems, and is excellent in air permeability, can exhaust moisture from the attic to the outside of the roof, can improve the cooling and heating efficiency, and has a simple structure. An object of the present invention is to provide a roof structure that can be constructed easily with a small number of members, that is, can be reduced in cost, that is, lightweight and can prevent deformation or breakage of the roofing material.

  In order to achieve the above object, a roof structure according to the present invention comprises a roofing provided with a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet and a three-dimensional ventilation member having a three-dimensional breathability on the top surface of a field board. By roofing the roofing material on the top surface of the roofing, a three-dimensional ventilation member positioned between the field board and the roofing material forms a roof ventilation path between the field board and the roofing material. By connecting the air passage to the air intake portion and the ventilation exhaust portion, the outside air flowing in from the air intake portion can be exhausted from the ventilation exhaust portion through the roof air passage.

  The roof having such a structure is a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet positioned between one or both of the three-dimensional ventilation member and the field board, or between the three-dimensional ventilation member and the roofing material. While waterproofing the base plate reliably, moisture from the attic absorbed by the base plate (moisture), moisture from the condensation on the back side (roofing side) of the roofing material, directly or through the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet And it has the characteristics that it evaporates to the roof ventilation path which a three-dimensional ventilation member forms, and is discharged | emitted from a ventilation discharge part with the external air which flowed in from the intake part.

  That is, according to the structure of the roof according to the present invention, moisture in the attic and on the back side of the roofing material can be discharged to the outside together with the outside air flowing through the roof ventilation path, so that the base plate and rafters can be exhausted with moisture. The roof vents can act as a heat insulation space between the roofing material and the attic, improving the efficiency of cooling and heating. A roofing is laid on the top surface of the field board. Since roof materials such as metal plates and flat tiles can be spread directly on the surface, the roof material can be prevented from being deformed or damaged. In addition, the roof can be reduced in weight because it has a single base plate.

  Hereinafter, the structure of the roof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The structure of the roof according to the present invention (Example 1) will be described with reference to FIGS. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the component which has the function similar to the component in the structure of the conventional roof, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
As shown in FIG. 1, the roof structure in the first embodiment has a roofing 30 laid on the upper surface of a field plate 11 (for example, a plate thickness of 12 mm), and a metal plate 13 (for example, a roofing material) on the roofing 30. A galvanized iron plate having a thickness of 0.4 to 0.5 mm is directly plated. As shown in FIG. 2A, the roofing 30 is obtained by attaching a three-dimensional ventilation member 32 to the surface of a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 31, for example, and the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 31 contacts the base plate 11. So that it is laid. For the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 31, for example, a DuPont Tyvek (registered trademark of US DuPont) roof liner can be used.

(Roof vent)
The three-dimensional ventilation member 32 forming the roof ventilation path is composed of 1 to 7 or 8 synthetic resin materials (each synthetic resin material has a diameter of about 1 mm) in the vertical, horizontal and diagonal directions and the thickness direction of about 8 mm. And a three-dimensional irregular network having air permeability in the vertical, horizontal and diagonal directions (that is, the plane direction) and the thickness direction, for example, 30 cm wide and 20 cm long. When the plan view shape of the range is shown in a reduced scale, the shape shown in FIG. 2B is obtained. The three-dimensional ventilation member 32 having such a structure has air permeability not only in the thickness direction but also in the plane direction, and forms an air passage (roof air passage 14) between the field plate 11 and the metal plate 13. In addition, (FIG. 1), when viewed in plan, it has an irregular mesh shape (FIG. 2 (b)) and is in contact with the back surface of the metal plate 13, so that the load applied to the metal plate 13 (for example, wind pressure or on the roof) Can support the body weight of the person who works in a uniform manner.

(Intake section)
As shown in FIG. 1, in the eaves tip 20, the ventilation member 21 is sandwiched between the eaves side end portion of the field plate 11 and the metal plate 13 above the windbreak plate 22. As shown in FIG. 3, the ventilation member 21 has two flat plates 21a made of a synthetic resin in parallel, and a flat plate 21b made of a synthetic resin in a direction perpendicular to the flat plate 21a between the flat plates 21a. A plurality of air passages in the short side direction 21a and the air vents 21c are arranged in parallel at equal intervals. At the eaves 20, the metal plate 13 extends from the position where the ventilation member 21 is sandwiched to form a first drainer 23, and the second drainer is interposed between the field plate 11 and the ventilation member 21. 24 is sandwiched to prevent the windbreak plate 22 from being directly exposed to wind and rain. A space defined by the first drainer 23, the second drainer 24, and the ventilation member 21 forms an intake portion 25 (FIG. 1), and the roof ventilation path 14 is connected to the intake portion 25 via the ventilation member 21. It is connected with.

(Ventilation discharge part)
On the other hand, a ventilation ridge 40 is provided in the ridge as shown in FIG. 1. At the ridge side end of the field board 11 (above the purlin 41), the ventilation member 21 is connected to the field board 11 in the same manner as the eaves side end. It is sandwiched between the metal plate 13. Onuki 42 is supported by a member (not shown) and is arranged above the purlin 41 to form a ridge space 43 between the ventilation member 21 at the ridge side end, the rafter 10 and the like. Is connected to the outside via the exhaust member 44. Thus, the building space 43 and the exhaust member 44 form a ventilation exhaust part 45, and the roof air passage 14 is connected to the ventilation exhaust part 45 via the air ventilation member 21, and the roof air passage from the air intake part 25 of the eaves 20. The outside air flowing into and flowing through 14 is discharged from the ventilation discharge unit 45 to the outside. The exhaust member 44 generally has a structure in which a plurality of ventilation members 21 are stacked, and a member (not shown) is interposed between the exhaust member 44 and the large through hole 42.

  Next, the ventilation discharge part in a lower roof is shown in FIG. In the lower roof, the rafter 10 is supported by an eaves girder, purlin, and rafters (not shown) at the edge 60 of the wall, and is in contact with the wall plate 61. Above the rafter 10, the rain stopper 62 is substantially parallel to the rafter 10. It is extended. And in the wall edge part 60, the ventilation member 21 is separated from the wall board 61, and is pinched | interposed between the field board 11 and the metal plate 13, and the exhaust member 44a similar to the exhaust member 44 of the ventilation building 40 is a wall board. A wall-side space 63 is formed below the wall of the rain keeper 62 and is sandwiched between the rain keeper 62 and the metal plate 13. The wall-side space 63 and the exhaust member 44 a are connected to the ventilation exhaust portion. 64 is formed. Thus, the roof ventilation path 14 is connected to the ventilation exhaust part 64 via the ventilation member 21, and the outside air flowing into the roof ventilation path 14 from the intake part 25 of the eaves 20 and flowing therethrough is transferred from the ventilation exhaust part 64 to the outside. And discharge.

  In the roof having such a structure, outside air flows into the roof aeration path 14 from the air intake portion 25 of the eaves 20 and rises and flows therethrough, and from the ridge ventilation discharge portion 45 (the ventilation discharge portion 64 at the wall in the lower roof) to the outside. Therefore, the moisture (moisture) absorbed by the base plate 11 (or the rafter 10) due to moisture condensation on the attic passes through the moisture-permeable and waterproof sheet 31 and flows through the roof air passage 14 In addition to being evaporated, absorbed and discharged to the outside, moisture generated by condensation on the back side of the metal plate 13 is also evaporated to the roof air passage 14 and discharged to the outside.

  In Example 1, the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 31 is positioned between the base plate 11 and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32. However, the moisture permeable waterproof sheet 31 is disposed between the metal plate 13 and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32. The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 31 can waterproof the field plate 13 from the metal plate 13 exposed to wind and rain, and moisture due to condensation on the back side (the roofing 30 side) of the metal plate 13 The moisture-permeable and waterproof sheet 31 is transmitted to the roof ventilation path 14 and evaporated, and the moisture of the field board 11 (attic moisture) directly evaporates to the roof ventilation path 14 to prevent corrosion of the field board 11. it can.

  Alternatively, the moisture-permeable and waterproof sheet 31 may be positioned between the base plate 11 and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32 and between the metal plate 13 and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32. In this case, the base plate 13 can be more reliably waterproofed from wind and rain, and both moisture due to dew condensation on the back side of the metal plate 13 and the moisture of the base plate 11 can cause the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 31 to flow. It will permeate and evaporate into the roof vent passage 14.

  Of course, the roofing 30 may be laid on the upper surface of the field board 11 in a state where the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 31 and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32 are integrated by sticking or the like, It may be laid on the upper surface of the main plate 11.

Next, the structure of the roof concerning another Example (Example 2) is shown in FIG. Here, components having the same functions as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted. In the roof structure according to the second embodiment, instead of the metal plate 13, a flat tile 13 a (for example, a flat slate tile having a thickness of about 5 mm) is spread directly on the roofing 30.
(Roof vent)
Also in Example 2, the three-dimensional ventilation member 32 of the roofing 30 laid on the upper surface of the field board 11 forms the roof ventilation path 14 between the field board 11 and the flat roof tile 13a. In the case where the flat roof tile 13a is used, the back surface thereof (the surface in contact with the roofing 30) has serrated irregularities having a thickness (for example, 5 mm) of the flat roof tile 13a. The three-dimensional ventilation member 32 having a three-dimensional mesh structure can support the load applied to the plate tile 13a by the elasticity evenly from the back surface of the plate tile 13a with almost no unevenness, and the wind pressure, the weight of the person working on the roof, etc. It can prevent more reliably that the flat roof tile 13a is damaged.

(Intake section)
In the eaves 20, the first drainer 23 a is formed by the flat roof tile 13 a extending from the position where the ventilation member 21 is sandwiched to prevent rainwater from entering the ventilation hole 21 c. The air intake 25a defined by the first drainer 23a, the second drainer 24, and the ventilation member 21 and the roof ventilation path 14 are connected to each other.
(Ventilation discharge part)
In the ventilation building 40, the ventilation member 21 is sandwiched between the field plate 11 and the flat roof tile 13a at the ridge side end of the field plate 11 (above the purlin 41), and the ventilation discharge part 45 and the roof ventilation path 14 are connected. It is connected. Also in the wall edge part 60, the ventilation member 21 is clamped between the field board 11 and the flat roof tile 13a, and the ventilation exhaust part 64 and the roof ventilation path 14 are connected (the ventilation exhaust part 64 is, for example, FIG. 4). The metal plate 13 of Example 1 shown in FIG.

Even in the roof having the structure according to the second embodiment, the moisture absorbed by the base plate 11 due to moisture condensation on the attic is transmitted through the moisture-permeable waterproof sheet 31 to rise and flow through the roof air passage 14. Evaporates in contact with water and is discharged outdoors.
The moisture-permeable and waterproof sheet 31 may be positioned between the flat roof tile 13a and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32, or between the field board 11 and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32, and between the flat roof tile 13a and the three-dimensional ventilation member. The roofing 30 may be positioned between the base plate 11 in a state where the moisture-permeable and waterproof sheet 31 and the three-dimensional ventilation member 32 are integrated. Similar to the first embodiment, it may be laid on the upper surface or may be laid on the upper surface of the base plate 11 in a separated state.

  As described above, according to the structure of the roof according to the present invention described in each embodiment, the moisture in the attic is discharged to the outside by the outside air flowing through the roof aeration path, so that corrosion of the field board and rafters can be prevented. The roof air passage can act as a heat insulation space to improve the efficiency of cooling and heating, and the roofing can be laid on the top surface of the field plate, and the metal plate or the flat tile can be spread directly on the surface. The roof material can be prevented from being deformed or damaged, and the construction is simple and it is composed of a small number of members, so that the construction is easy, the cost is low, and further, the construction of a single base plate can reduce the weight of the roof. . Since the three-dimensional ventilation member is fused and fused to form a three-dimensional mesh, the elasticity of the three-dimensional ventilation member can reduce the rain sound that occurs when raindrops hit a metal plate or flat roof tile. .

  In each of the above embodiments, the air intake portion provided at the eaves is illustrated, but the air intake portion is not limited to the eaves. For example, in the case of a gable roof, an air intake portion is also provided on the wife side. May be. Similarly, the ventilation discharge part may be provided in a flat ridge or a corner ridge, and is not limited to the ventilation discharge part shown in each of the embodiments. Further, the three-dimensional ventilation member is not limited to the configuration of each of the above embodiments as long as a space can be formed between the base plate and the roofing material. For example, a three-dimensional porous structure may be used instead of the three-dimensional network structure, and the roofing can form a space between the field board and the roofing material, and can ensure moisture permeability and waterproofness. If it is, it is not limited to the structure of each said Example. The intake section and the ventilation discharge section are not limited to the configurations shown in the above embodiments as long as the space between the field board and the roof material formed by the three-dimensional ventilation member is connected to the outdoors. . The roofing material is not limited to a metal plate or a flat roof tile as long as the back surface thereof is in contact with the roofing almost uniformly and is supported uniformly by the roofing.

It is a figure which shows the general | schematic cross-section in the structure (Example 1) of the roof which concerns on this invention. (A) is a perspective view which shows the structure of roofing, (b) is a figure which shows the example of the planar view shape of roofing. It is a perspective view of a ventilation member. (Example 1) which is a figure which shows schematic sectional structure of the ventilation discharge part in a lower roof. It is a figure which shows the general | schematic cross-section in the structure (Example 2) of the roof which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the general | schematic cross-section in the structure of the conventional roof.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Rafter 11 Field plate 13 Metal plate 13a Flat tile 14 Roof ventilation path 20 Eaves 21 Ventilation member 25, 25a Air intake part 30 Roofing 31 Moisture permeable waterproof sheet 32 Three-dimensional ventilation member 45, 64 Ventilation discharge part 60 Wall edge part

Claims (4)

In the structure of a roof having a field plate, a roofing laid on the upper surface of the field plate, and a roof material spread on the upper surface of the roofing plate,
The roofing includes a moisture-permeable waterproof sheet and a three-dimensional ventilation member having a three-dimensional air permeability,
The moisture-permeable waterproof sheet is positioned between either the three-dimensional ventilation member and the base plate, or between the three-dimensional ventilation member and the roof material, or both. A roof air passage formed between the base plate and the roof material by a member;
An air intake section connected to the roof air passage,
A roof structure characterized by comprising a ventilation exhaust part through which the outside air flowing in from the intake part is exhausted through the roof air passage.   2. The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the air intake portion is provided at an eaves edge, and the ventilation discharge portion is provided at one or both of a ventilation ridge and a wall near the lower roof.   The roof structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the three-dimensional ventilation member has a three-dimensional network structure and has air permeability in a thickness direction and a planar direction.   The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the roof material is a metal plate or a flat tile.

Images