SE533462C2 - Building elements and method of building buildings with said building elements - Google Patents

Description

20 25 30 35 40 533 462 2 construction, but allows the walls of the building to breathe. Overly dense houses, in order to achieve effective insulation to save energy, have instead caused trapped moisture in the construction and created a mold problem that has made the development of the construction industry not only an economic issue but also a public health issue.

Lightweight concrete building blocks with volume weights between 400 - 800 kg / m3 have been manufactured since 1930. The first lightweight concrete was based on alum shale. In the 1970s, however, it was pointed out that it was inappropriate to use this material as it contains uranium that emits radon, which led to the production of alum shale-based aerated concrete ceased in 1975. Since then, aerated concrete has continued to be produced by e.g. finely ground sandstone, cement and lime, which are brought to expand in an autoclave by gas evolution caused by the heating of aluminum powder in the recipe. These building blocks are usually manufactured in smaller units that are stacked and joined together at the workplace, to be compared with the construction of a wall. However, the capillary suction power is so strong in these materials that moisture absorption risks significantly reducing the insulation capacity, depending on installation and use.

A method of mixing lightweight expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam particles into the cement mixture was launched as early as the 1950s and has found some use as lightweight concrete ballast at higher bulk weights, about 1000 kg / m3 or more, which in itself is a significant weight reduction. from the normal density of concrete of about 2,400 kg / m3. The problem has been to obtain a homogeneous mixture when the foam balls float up in the water mixture. This problem is today affordable and purpose-treated EPS particles can be purchased on the market. This development has also made possible the advent of the present invention.

Summary of the invention The object of the invention is to achieve a simplified, quality-assured, cost-effective, resource-efficient, environmentally friendly, non-combustible, high-strength, self-supporting, vapor diffusion-open building system based on cement or other mainly inorganic material but with low volume weight. Another object is to provide an "all-in-one material" in the form of manageable and interconnectable building elements which also means a fast and quality-assured assembly on the construction site.With the method according to the invention, the construction of a normal-sized villa takes about 3 days, instead for about 3 months with today's labor-intensive composition on the construction site.

Building elements according to the invention contain highly insulating EPS particles or particles of other insulating material or medium mixed in a cement mixture or other substantially mineral-based building mass which hardens when it reacts with water. Due to their admixture in the wet building mass, the particles give the resulting cured solder material a volume weight after curing of about 50 - 800 kg / m3, the compressive strength is more than 0.5 MPa and has a thermal conductivity of 7 »less than 0.15. The building element according to the invention has at least one integrated form fit, which can be assembled with a form fit of an adjacent element. Preferably, the volume weight is 300-600 kg / m3 on the building element and preferably 400-500 kg / m3. Preferably, the compressive strength is more than 1.0 MPa and more preferably 2.0 MPa. Preferably, the heat conductivity number in »smaller island is 0.12 and preferably smaller island 0.10.

Form fit is defined as any integrated profile or recess that is used in assembly to position or solve two abutting building elements. This shall include conceivable solutions with separate details that are fitted in a first building element's fitting, and then when mounting a second building element, the separate details (es) shall be fitted in the second building element's fitting. For example, each building element can be provided with a longitudinally fragile in which one or more blades or the like are inserted into the fragile of each building element during joining, similar groove and tongue-and-groove joining. The overall idea of the invention is to create a positioning or solution of building elements, such as a building system, where the person skilled in the art can design the positioning or solution in the desired manner in different embodiments of the invention.

Thanks to the form fittings of the building elements, a type of solution is created between adjacent building elements that prevents displacements in the construction, which displacements can cause cracks in, for example, facades. This may, for example, be relevant for sweeteners, soil vibrations, pressure waves, explosions and earthquakes.

The particles are moisture-proof and preferably have a volume weight of less than 50 kg / m3, preferably less than 30 kg / m3. Most preferably, the particles have a bulk density of up to 15 kg / m 3. The volume weight generally disturbs in inverse relation to the thermal conductivity number 7L, ie the lower the volume weight, the higher the insulation value. The desired volume weight of the final product can be determined according to the mixture of the amount of particles.

Preferably, a mixture containing at least 50% by volume of expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulating particles with closed cells or other non-moisture absorbing material or medium having a bulk density not exceeding 30 kg / m 3 is used. Even eg desiccant, air or other medium can be added to the mixture.

The foam particles may have, for example, graphite or aluminum powder admixture for increased insulating ability. The particles can have different fractions of different sizes for improved degree of filling. Without different fractions, air spaces are created between the cement-coated and adhering particles which thereby give the mixture greater insulation value, ie thermal conductivity k. The foam particles can have all shapes but are preferably spherical to obtain optimal strength in the cement shells which are formed around each particle and which adhere to the applied shelled particles. For increased strength in the cement mixture and thus in the cement shells, for example, glass particles can be added.

A material mixture suitable for the invention and prepared in this way can obtain a / a thermal conductivity number (lambd value) of less than 0.15, preferably about 0.060. 12, b / a compressive pour strength of at least 0.5 MPa, preferably at least 1.0 MPa, c / a meadow passage resistance between 0 000 - 400 000 s / m, preferably between 10 000 - 100 000 s / m, preferably between 10 000 - 30 000 s / m.

A building element according to an embodiment of the invention has a plinth shape with a form fit located in an upper part of the plinth element in use.

The base element can be assembled with a form fit of a wall element, where the form fit is located at the lower part of the wall element during use. The base element can preferably also be assembled with one or more adjacent base elements by means of a mold fit.

A reinforcement is preferably cast in the plinth element and at least one fastening device which extends from the plinth element on the side which in use faces the building. Preferably, the reinforcement and the fastening devices are interconnected. The fastening devices are then used to fasten reinforcement for the foundation which is cast after the plinths have been laid out in the desired place.

Another building element according to an embodiment of the invention has a wall shape with at least one form fit located in a lower part of the wall element during use. The wall element can be assembled with a form fit of a base element, where the form fit is located at the upper part of the base element during use.

The wall element preferably has at least one form fit at its vertical end portions in use, the wall element being compatible with a form fit of one or more adjacent wall elements. These form fits may be located on the side surfaces and / or the end surfaces at the vertical end portions of the wall element.

The wall element preferably has at least one form fit located in an upper part of the wall element in use. In this way, it can be assembled with at least one form fit of a sub-floor element or roof-beam element.

A further building element according to an embodiment of the invention has a subfloor form or roof subfloor form with at least one form fit. The floor joining element or roof joist joining element can be assembled with a form fit of one or more wall elements, the form fit being located at the upper part of the wall element during use.

The subfloor element preferably has at least one form fit which is compatible with a form fit of one or Hero wall elements, the form fits of which are located at its lower portions in use, to provide a floor plan over the first.

Yet another building element according to an embodiment of the invention has a unfolding shape, ie it is intended to be mounted in the open space between erected vertical elements, such as inner walls, and subfloors to form the outer wall.

The unfolding element has at least one form fit fitting in the space formed by subfloor layers and vertical elements and has a circumferential projection for abutment against subfloor layers and vertical elements.

Preferably, the unpacking member has at least one excess lip extending beyond the circumferential projection along one or two adjacent sides for overlapping joints between adjacent unpacking members in the mounted position. In this way, heat leakage is minimized and cooled in the joint between the unfolding elements. Preferably, both protrusions and lip are integrally molded from the same material as the remaining portion of the unfolding element.

The shape fits are preferably concave and correspondingly convex along the entire length of the building elements to create an overlap or displacement inside the joint which radically reduces or prevents heat leakage and is cooled by the joint and mutually reads the parts of the structure. To minimize the heat leakage and the cold slide even more, a seal can be arranged on the mold fits, for example a sealing compound. Preferably, the plinth elements are provided with convex form fits and the wall elements are provided with concave shape fits in their lower parts to minimize the risk of, for example, rainwater penetrating and remaining in the joint, especially during the construction process itself. In the building elements according to the invention, devices can be poured in. It can be, for example, reinforcements, fastening devices so that screws can fasten well in the building elements, frames for windows or doors, whole windows or doors, electrical or water mains, etc. The reinforcement can be one-, two- or three-dimensional adapted for each construction shaped reinforcement structure, of e.g. metal mesh, embedded in the element to be able to withstand even very high load requirements both vertically and horizontally. The reinforcement constructions can also be cast angled, trapezoidal or in another shape. In addition to strengthening the building element in its use in the building construction, e.g. a club reinforcement, ie two reinforcement structures in the same building element, be an advantage in connection with the manufacture of the building element in order to prevent the building element from twisting in connection with the drying out after casting.

The building elements according to the invention form a building system in which primarily plinth elements and wall elements are included, but preferably also subfloor elements, roof subfloor elements and preferably also unfolding elements. The foundation is cast with advantage of the same type of building mass used for the building elements.

The method according to the invention to build buildings by means of building elements according to the invention comprises the step of laying prefabricated molded plinth elements on a balanced, stable and drained surface, on which prefabricated molded wall elements are joined by the mold fit.

Preferably, prefabricated molded floor joists or prefabricated molded roof joists are joined by form fitting at the upper part of the wall elements. If more than one floor is desired, prefabricated molded wall elements are joined, at its lower part, by means of form-fitting with a sub-layer, at its outer parts, in order to provide a floor plan over the first.

There are two different approaches to traveling the house. Either the outer walls and load-bearing inner walls and subfloor are erected to the desired height and finished with adjustment of the roof subfloor. Or the load-bearing inner walls and subfloor are raised to the desired height and finished with adjustment of the roof subfloor. Then unfolding elements are mounted which form the outer walls.

All building elements are produced in the factory. The foundation is poured of building mass according to the invention between the plinths, preferably after the roof joist has been installed, ie indoors in their own house only after the building has been erected, which means that all parts of the building are poured and hardened under controlled conditions during all seasons. A plaster layer of mineral plaster with a capillary suction force greater than the capillary suction force of the wall element is preferably applied to the outer wall of the building. The outer mineral wall plaster layer serves partly as reinforcement, leveling, color decoration layer and moisture absorber / moisture regulator, which guarantees that the insulation value of the wall is maintained by always keeping the pores of the wall element dry. The plaster layer of mineral plaster can be applied prefabricated in the factory or on site at the construction site. Alternatively, a panel wall of e.g. wood is mounted on the outside of the wall element with an air gap in between.

With this building system based on lightweight building elements according to the invention, a number of advantages are achieved in relation to prior art: 533 462 7 roof beam complaint elements and unfolding elements can consist of the same type of material with the same insulation value, which is why no cold drafts occur in the connections between the different building elements. At least the outer wall elements should be of the same material. 2 / The building elements are non-combustible. 3 / The building elements are load-bearing. 4 / The building elements are vapor diffusion open (breathable). 5 / The building elements are insulating. 6 / Because the building system's components / building elements are prefabricated in a controlled factory environment, the environmental problems that otherwise apply to a construction site are avoided, so that production efficiency and quality become significantly higher and more efficient.

Thanks to the form fittings, the erection of buildings is significantly facilitated, which means a time saving at the same time as it guarantees an exact installation.

Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 shows a building element according to the present invention having a base shape in perspective, partly broken away, Fig. 2 shows a building element according to the present invention Fig. 3 shows a wall element according to the invention from one side Figs. 4 shows a wall element according to the invention from above, partly broken away. plinth element, Fig. 6 shows a building element according to the present invention which has a roof beam floor shape from the side together with a wall element, Fig. 7 shows the roof beam floor elements in Fig. ó with additional solution, Fig. 8 shows a building element according to the present invention Fig. 9 shows the unpacking element in Fig. 8 seeds inside, Figs. Fig. 10 shows a variant of the unfolding element in Fig. 8 in cross section, Fig. 11 shows the unfolding element in Fig. 10 seeds inside, Fig. 12 shows a plinth element according to the invention in cross section with reinforcement and fastening device, Fig. 13 shows six plinth elements with fitted reinforcement in between Fig. 14 shows a building element with reinforcement in cross section, Fig. 15 shows a building element with double reinforcement in cross section, Fig. 16 shows another embodiment of the form fit, and Fig. 17 shows a further embodiment of the form fit. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 533 462 8 Fig. 18 shows an outer wall under construction from the outside of a future building, and Fig. 1? shows a mounted unfolding element from the inside of a future building.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention The building elements according to the invention are prefabricated in a factory, ie plinth elements 1, wall elements 3, floor joining elements 4, roof joining elements 5 and unfolding elements 7, 10. The building elements are formed from a building mass, based on e.g. cement or other substantially inorganic material, which hardens in a water mixture, with admixture of expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles with closed cells or other insulating material or medium. Preferably, the prefabricated rake elements have a size of up to 3 x 14 m, a thickness of 100 - 400 mm and a volume weight between 300 - 600 kg / m 3. The compressive strength of the building element is preferably at least 1.0 MPa and the thermal conductivity number is less than 0.1. The insulation particles are moisture-tight and preferably have a bulk density of less than 50 kg / m Most preferably, the particles have a bulk density of up to 15 kg / m 3. The volume weight is generally inversely related to the thermal conductivity number k, ie the lower the volume weight, the higher the insulation value. The desired volume weight of the final product can be determined according to the amount of particles involved. Preferably, a mixture containing at least 50% by volume of expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulating particles with closed cells or other non-moisture absorbing material or medium having a bulk density not exceeding 30 kg / m 3 is used. Even eg blowing agent, air or other medium can be added to the mixture. The insulating particles may have, for example, graphite or aluminum admixture for increased insulating ability. The particles can have different fractions of different sizes for improved degree of filling. Without different fractions, air spaces are created between the cement-coated and adhering particles, which thereby gives the mixture a lower insulation value, ie thermal conductivity. The insulation particles can have all shapes but are preferably spherical to obtain optimal strength in the concrete shell formed around each particle. adjacent scaled particles. For example, two fractions can be mixed where preferably the first fraction of particles has a size up to 1.5 mm and the second fraction preferably has a size between 1.5 mm and 3 mm. The first fraction may constitute 20% and the second fraction may constitute 80% as an example. For increased strength in the concrete shell, for example, glass particles can be added to the cement mixture. 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 533 462 9 The building elements have a form fit 2 that fits with an adjacent building element. The shape fits 2 are preferably concave and correspondingly convex along the entire length of the building elements in order to create an overlap or displacement inside the joint which radically reduces or prevents heat leakage and is cooled by the joint. To minimize the heat leakage and the cold slide even more, a seal can be arranged between the mold fits 2, for example a sealant (not shown). The form fitting achieves a locking and reinforcement of the structure that prevents cracks from occurring due to, for example, settlements, ground vibrations, pressure waves, cracks and earthquakes. Fig. i shows a first building element according to the invention with a base shape i.

Preferably, the plinth elements are provided with convex form fits 2 and the wall elements 3 are provided with concave shape fits 2 in their lower parts to prevent the risk of, for example, rainwater penetrating and remaining in the joint, especially during the construction process itself, see Figs. I, 2 and 5. The base element i can be as wide as the wall element 3 or wider than a wall element 3, eg 50-70% wider and then preferably has a downwardly sloping surface on a part of the upper portions which go beyond the thickness of the wall elements. The extra width stabilizes the base element i and minimizes the possibility of the teal to creep into the joint between the base element i and the wall element 3 and the sloping surfaces cause rainwater to run off the base elements i. The base elements i base elements i, see for example Fig. i3 where the base elements lock each other in a position. Fig. 2 shows a building element according to the invention with a wall shape 3. For the sake of simplicity, only form fits 2 in the upper and lower edge have been shown in the figure. Fig. 3 shows two concave and two convex form fits 2. The wall element 3 in Fig. 4 is shown from above and is provided with two form fits on both sides at its vertical end portion and along the end surface and along the upper side. In this way, a wall element 3 can be joined together by means of the form fits 2 with adjacent elements, such as additional wall elements 3, plinth elements in, bilge layer 4 or roof beam layer 5. Fig. 5 shows what a building element in secondary layer form 4 can look like. In this case it is shown together with a further bevel element 4, two wall elements 3 and a base element i. All elements are assembled by means of the mold fits 2, which provide a locking between the elements.

Building elements according to the invention in roof joist form 5 are shown in Fig. 6. Two roof joist elements 5 cooperate and these rest on wall elements 3. If extra locking is desired, for example fittings 6 can be mounted between wall elements 3 and roof joist elements 5 and / or between adjacent roof joists 5, see Fig. 7, at desired distances.

Figs. 8 and 9 show a building element according to the invention with embodiment 7.

There are two different approaches to erecting a building. Either the outer walls 3 and load-bearing inner walls 3 and joists 4 are raised to the desired height and finished with fitting of the rafters 5. Or the load-bearing inner walls 3 and joists 4 are raised to the desired height and finished with fitting of the rafters 5. to the building.

If the inner walls 3 are mounted on plinth elements 1 and floor joists 4 are raised to the desired height and the roof joist layer 5 is then fitted, the outer walls can be created by mounting recess elements 7 in the spaces formed between the joist elements 4 and the vertical elements, such as inner wall elements 3.

The inside 8 of the unfolding element 7 fills the space between the wall element 3 and the floor element 4 while a circumferential projection 9 abuts against the wall elements 3 and the floor elements 4. The projection 9 preferably occupies half the width of the wall elements 3 and the floor elements 4. In Fig. 10 a variant of unfolding element 10 which creates an overlap of the joints between the adjacent unfolding elements 10 by having one or two sides provided with a flange 11 which extends over the joints along the flushed sides and abuts against the sides l2 of the protrusions 10 of the protrusions 10. both projections 9 and runs 11 are integrally cast of the same material as the remaining portion of the unpacking element 7, 10. In addition, the unfolding element 7, 10 preferably has a fitting or device 17 for locking against joists 4 and vertical elements 3, respectively, for fixing in their mounted base, see Fig. 19. Fig. 18 shows a started construction of an outer wall with the aid of unfolding element 10 which fits between vertical elements 3 and floor layer 4 and overlaps over the joints between adjacent unfolding elements 10 with at least one run 11.

It is possible to cast reinforcements, window and door frames as well as electrical and water mains, anchors and other preparations already during the manufacture of the building elements. In order to simplify later installation of, for example, suspension devices in the finished building, boards of wood or expanded metal can, for example, be cast into the building elements in which, for example, screws attach to a sought-after sweetener.

Fig. 12 shows a reinforcement cage 13 molded into a plinth element 1. From the reinforcement cage 13 extends a fastening device 14 which projects on the side of the plinth element 1 on the side facing the P 9 building during assembly. . In these fastening devices 14, reinforcement 15 can be fastened between the base elements 1 to form the reinforcement in the later ground cast in place.

Reinforcement can be a one-, two- or three-dimensionally shaped reinforcement construction adapted for each construction, of e.g. metal mesh, embedded in the element to be able to withstand even very high load requirements both vertically and horizontally. The reinforcement constructions can also be cast at an angled, trapezoidal shape or in another shape. Fig. 14 shows a building element from the end in cross section with a zigzag-shaped reinforcement structure 16.

In addition to strengthening the building element in its use in the building construction, e.g. a double reinforcement, i.e. two reinforcement structures 16 in the same building element as shown in Fig. 15, be an advantage in connection with the manufacture of the building element in order to prevent the building element from twisting in connection with the drying out after casting.

The cast reinforcement structures 16 can also serve as anchors for, e.g. in combination with cast-in metal metal sheets welded into the reinforcement structure, fastening devices included in the building elements. When using anchoring reinforcement, a hole in the building element can be drilled during mounting on e.g. pre-marked place after which, for example, so-called chemical anchors can be applied. The anchoring by means of chemical anchors can be used, for example, for anchoring unfolding elements 7, 10. As an example, metal wire with a diameter of 6-8 mm can be joined to a net with, for example, square decimetre-sized gaps. The nets can be shaped or pressed to the desired shape.

The building elements can be manufactured in any design according to the geometry of a mold tool, taking into account practical limitations such as strength, transport restrictions, etc. a living wall surface.

The molds for the element production can be made in e.g. metal, fiberglass-reinforced plastic or other suitable material. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the form fits 2 may be positioned on any suitable portions of the elements according to the invention depending on the desired fit position in the future building.

According to the method according to the invention, the base elements 1 are laid out and weighed off around or in the next prepared base plate. The base elements 1 have a convex form fit 2 against the concave form fit 2 of the wall elements 3.

The wall elements 3, with e.g. dimension 3 x 14 m, is suitably placed standing on the edge of the plinth elements 1 and stacked horizontally for a higher floor height before connection is made to the floor element 4 or ceiling floor element 5.

The wall elements 3 can also be used standing. The concave shape fit 2 of the wall element 3 fits securely and stably in the base fit of the base element 2.

Intermediate floor 4 as well as roof floor 5 rests directly on the wall elements 3 and is connected with a similar form-fitting system as wall element 3 to base element 1. Because the floor 4 can have the same insulation value as the walls 3, a floor 4 can extend all the way to the outer side 3, or even continue outside the outer wall to form a balcony floor, without causing colds in the construction, which would be the case if the floor were uninsulated (not shown). This is normally a major problem with balcony constructions.

On the upper side of the roof joist 5, profiles of eg metal can be cast in for easy installation of any roofing material. In a similar way, the wall elements can also be provided with profiles for easy installation of eg panels.

The foundation is preferably cast from building mass according to the invention between the laid plinth elements, preferably indoors in their own house only after the building has been erected, which means that all parts of the building are cast and harden under controlled conditions during all seasons.

A plaster layer of mineral thick plaster with a capillary suction force which is greater than the capillary suction force of the building element is preferably applied to the outer wall of the building. The outer mineral wall plaster layer serves partly as reinforcement, leveling, paint decoration layer and moisture absorber / moisture regulator, which guarantees that the insulation value of the wall is maintained by always keeping the pores of the wall element dry. The plaster layer of mineral thick plaster can be applied prefabricated in the factory or on site at the construction site. Alternatively, a panel wall of e.g. wood is mounted on the outside of the wall element with an air gap in between.

As previously defined, the shape fit is any integrated profile or recess that is used in assembly to position or read two abutting building elements. This must also include possible solutions with separate details that are fitted in a first building element's fitting, so that when installing a second building element, the separate details (es) must be fitted in the second building element's fitting. For example, each building element 3 can be provided with a longitudinal cutting 2 in which one or more blades 17 or the like are inserted into each building element cutting 2 during joining, similar groove and tongue-and-groove joining, see Fig. 10.

The overall idea of the invention is to create a positioning or reading of building elements, as a building system, where the person skilled in the art can design the positioning or reading in the desired manner in different embodiments of the invention. It is 533 462 13, for example, also funk drills for designing the molding 2 so as to be shown.

Claims (1)

533 462 Claims 1. Building elements of the prefabricated type, which are molded from building material, based on cement or other substantially inorganic material belonging to a water mixture and comprising mixing particles of expanded polystyrene or other insulating material, characterized in that the building mass contains at least 50% by volume of expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation particles with closed cells or other non-moisture-absorbing material with a bulk density not exceeding 50 kg / m3 so that a bulk density between 50 - 800 kg / m3, a compressive strength of more than 0,5 MPa and a wireline number Å on the smaller island 0, l 5 was obtained, which building element is steam diffusion open and comprises a plaster layer of mineral thick plaster with a capillary suction bead which is larger than the building element capillary suction ratchet is applicable on its outside during use and that the building element has at least one integrated lorm fitting (2) compoundable with a thorm fit of an adjacent b yggelement. Building element according to claim 1, in which the building element has a plinth element (1) forming a plinth element with a torque fit (2), located in an upper part of the base element (1) in use, can be assembled with a torque fit (2) of a wall element, located at the lower part of the wall element during use. . Building element according to claim 2, wherein a reinforcement (l 3) is cast in the plinth element (1) and at least one induction device (lll) which extends from the plinth element (1) on the side which in use faces into the building. Building element according to claim 1, wherein the building element has a wall worm (3) forming a wall element with at least one drum fit (2), located in a lower part of the wall element (3) in use, can be assembled with a wall fit (2) of a base element, located at the upper part of the base element during use. . Building element according to claim 4, wherein the wall element (3) has at least one lorm fit (2) at its vertical end portions during use, wherein the wall element (3) is compatible with a lorm fit (2) of one or more adjacent wall elements (3). Building element according to claim 1, 4 or 5, wherein the building element has a wall tower (3) forming a wall element with at least one tower fit (2), located in an upper part of the wall element (3) during use, which can be assembled with at least one lorm fit (2). ) of a beehive element or roof beehive element. Building element according to claim 1, in which the building element has a beehive storm (4) forming a beehive element or roof beehive worm (5) forming a roof beehive element with at least one form fitting (2) which can be assembled with a beehive (2) of one or more wall elements, located at upper part during use. 533 462 IS A building element according to claim 1, wherein the building element has a sub-floor mold (4) forming a sub-floor element with at least one form-fitting (4) which can be assembled with a form-fitting (2) of one or more wall elements, located at its lower part in use, for providing a floor plan over the first. Building element according to claim 1, in which the building element has a unfolding shape (7, 10) forming a unfolding element with at least one form fit (2) fitting in the space formed by sub-layers and vertical elements having a circumferential projection (9) for abutment against sub-layers and vertical elements. Building element according to claim 9, in which the unfolding element (10) has at least one excess lip (ll) extending outside the circumferential projection (9) along one or two adjacent sides for overlapping joints between adjacent unfolding elements (10) in mounted position. l l. Building elements according to one of the preceding claims, in which devices can be cast in. A method of building buildings by means of building elements according to claim 1, wherein prefabricated molded plinth elements (1) with a form fitting (2), located in an upper part of the plinth element (1) in use are laid out on a balanced, stable and drained surface, on which prefabricated molded wall elements (3) with at least one mold fit (2), located in a lower part of the wall element (3) in use, are joined together by the mold fit (2). A method of building buildings according to claim 12, wherein prefabricated molded floor joining elements (4) or prefabricated molded roof floor joining elements (5) are joined by means of mold fitting (2) at the upper part of the wall elements (3). l4. Method of building buildings according to claim 12 or 13, wherein prefabricated molded wall elements (3), at its lower part in use, are joined by means of a mold fit (2) with subfloor elements (4), to provide a floor plan over the first. l5. Method of building buildings according to any one of claims 12-14, wherein a shallow casting is provided between plinth elements (1) of a building mass based on cement or other substantially inorganic material which hardens in a water mixture and comprising mixing particles of expanded polystyrene or other insulating material containing at least 50% by volume of expanded polystyrene (EPS) insulation particles with closed cells or other non-moisture-absorbing material with a bulk density not exceeding 30 kg / m3. lo. Method of building buildings according to claim 15, wherein the foundation is cast between the plinth elements (1) after the roof joist elements (5) have been mounted.