SE466860B - DEVICE FOR BUILDING ELEMENT - Google Patents

Description

466 860 z Another wish is to achieve a so-called elevation of building elements when effect to compensate for deformations caused by dead weight and load. Elevation gives the advantage that strength becomes dimensioning instead of deformation. tion, which generally gives smaller dimensions to the components included. Raising is desirable on the upper side of the floor, which forms the floor, especially next to the wall. na where cabinets lean outwards if the floor is bent by load. The underside of the floor when it forming roofs can, however, be allowed to tilt slightly. When used as a floor slab, natural show the shape of the underside does not matter.

If the floor element is turned with the board downwards and the stiffening beam upwards, it is sufficient with the stiffening beam curved for raising. Stiffening the beam is given during in such a way that it becomes straight under load.

Similar conditions apply to external walls that are to absorb earth pressure. An easy one curvature of the outside is irrelevant, while the inside becomes a visible wall and has requirements straightness.

If wall elements are turned with the board outwards and the stiffening beam inwards, it is sufficient that the stiffening beam is curved for raising. The stiffening beam is given during manufacture such that it becomes straight under load.

If you can raise the edge without having to take the disc into account, flat molds can be used, which is a great economic advantage.

With known technology, the life and flange of the stiffening beam are curved, which sounds easy themselves done. But if then the stiffening beam has a constant height, the bends will inserted at different depths in the disc.

For climate reasons and the risk of corrosion, a minimum covering layer must be found on that side of the disc facing away from the stiffening beam.

The bends of the life wire must also be inserted at a certain minimum depth in the disc to obtain of required strength.

To meet these requirements, the board with existing technology must be made thicker when casting elevated elements than with plane-parallel elements.

In some applications there is no need to use the flanges as fasteners sheet metal cladding. An example of such an application is floor separating floors. Where the floor is turned only as a support for the floorboard which rests freely on one sound-absorbing material on top of the nss. Therefore, it is possible to perform stiffening beams nas fl änsar in hard possibly out material. For example, concrete, possibly reinforced.

The purpose and most important characteristics of the invention One of the purposes of this invention is to give the building elements the necessary strength to cope with the forces, parallel to the disk that occur during transport.

This can be achieved with only a tree life if this is given a longitudinally angled design for example, by bending every other buck in one plane while bending the others in another plan. These planes intersect at the edge and form an angle with each other as seen in the beam fl s 466 860 longitudinal direction. The bends that are located in the plane's intersection line are made flat bends or twisted and attached to the fl end. The opposite ones are also made flat-bent or twisted and cast in the disc. In this way, a truss, for absorbing forces parallel to the disc, has car dats. The function of reinforcing the disc remains because the life thread still forms diagonals in a truss seen in the longitudinal direction of the beams.

Pulling through the stiffening beams of e.g. sewers are facilitated because these are always bent at a 45 degree angle in the bends and thus always form this angle with the stiffening beams.

A solution for plane-parallel elements (ie not raised) is to provide stiffening beams. the men with fl your pieces of life. For example, two pieces in a flat zigzag bent life. These life is placed at an angle to each other, seen in cross section, and attached to the end. Unlike other constructions, the bends of life must not be set against and next to each other, but can be displaced along the beam flange and fastened separately, which gives greater strength.

The beam end has or is given the necessary rigidity to withstand those acting in plane with the disc bending and possibly torsional forces arising from this fastening procedure. The extra forces which arise in this case are very small in relation to the forces which is present in the vid end at normal load. If necessary, the cross-sectional dimension of the can redistributed without the need to increase the area.

Another object of this invention is to provide the trusses of the stiffening beams which shall be cast into a casting mass of a design, so that anchoring iron, if used which are then placed in the bends to spread the pressure during lifting, are directed along the stiffening beam. and thus also absorb forces for the bearing of the element.

Another object of this invention is to provide the front stiffening beams to be raised at manufacture of building elements, without therefore sacrificing the strength of attachments. It wants say with retained casting depth, cover layer, etc. without making the board thicker than at plane-parallel elements.

This can be achieved with the life design described above by turning the bending the plan according to which the life wires are bent so that the angle between them is successive changes. If the depth of indentation in the disc is maintained, the får end automatically has a curvature. and an overhang has been created at the same time as the board is leveled during manufacture.

A further object of this invention is to make the ends of the stiffening beams cast in the molded version for rational and economical manufacture. The production of the life wire will also be rational and economical, and with very little space requirements for storage. in The anchoring between the life thread, the longitudinal reinforcement and the cast material becomes special. ligen bra.

This can be achieved with another embodiment of the bending of the life thread.

As a substance is used straight-drawn rod or wire wound with a large diameter, then the life wire _ J! 4 6 6 8 6 O straight parts that act as diagonals in a truss, must not be crooked.

During manufacture, the life threads are wound in a spiral around a plate with rounded edges, or two patches. rallella round bars: In the latter case, the bends can be squeezed into loops around the bars.

Multiple plates or rods can be used if other bending patterns are desired, for example triangular. IN At this stage of manufacture, the life wires are conveniently stored and transported.

In connection with discharge at the factory, the wire is pulled out in the longitudinal direction of the spiral, so that it has a zigzag-like shape seen in the longitudinal direction, to form diagonals in a truss between flange and disc.

When pulling out, it is enough to grasp the ends of the thread and then pull. The forces distributes uniformly throughout the thread, greatest moments occur at the bends. Therefore twisted life threads only there. The straight sections remain straight and have a symmetrical shape evenly distance between the bucks is formed automatically.

When bending an element, every other diagonal is drawn or pressed or vice versa.

Thereby a rotation occurs in the fl end of the displacement forces acting in the life wires if these are in different planes.

To give the life threads such a shape that its diagonals end up in the same plane but still have left the above-mentioned loops, the following solution is given: The helical life wire is pulled out into a zigzag shape before the bends are squeezed. around long rods, to loops. The long bars can form longitudinal reinforcement in the cast ns änsen.

The life thread loops provide good anchoring between the life thread, reinforcement and the outer material in ns änsen.

You can also attach reinforcement bars outside the spiral with, for example, welding.

Another way to get rid of the torsional forces that occur in the sense of the one described above spiral bent life threads without loops, are given by the following solution: Life is made of two spirally bent threads. One should be turned to the right and the other other left-handed. Compare right and left thread.

They are pulled out, placed at a suitable angle to each other, displaced slightly longitudinally to fit together and threaded into each other, much in the same way as when you clasp your hands straight fingers. To fix the life threads to each other, one or more longitudinal rods are threaded into the bends. These bars also work * as longitudinal reinforcement.

Thereafter, the flanges are suitably exposed together with the web, to form a stiffening beam, with fixed life threads which in turn are fixed to the building element.

The life wires function as the diagonal rods in a truss in the building element. Every other thread is drawn and every other is printed. When looking at a cross section, it is understood that they the printed diagonals end up on one side and the drawn ones on the corresponding other side.

This gives a twisted effect on the fl end. For a two-flange beam with this design means this phenomenon a serious weakening.

But here is one of the most important advantages of this invention: If the stiffening ball 0 5 4s6 «a6o the vessels are provided with double lives, counterclockwise and clockwise wound, manufactured as above described rational methods and attached to a torsionally rigid flange, the two torques each other.

The solution also provides the important benefits: The span of floor elements can be increased by using non-reinforced materials. rial with great strength and rigidity. For example, reinforced concrete.

-Curve of only the fl end for raising as above can be done without the disc must be made thicker or the height of the wire life must have been made different heights.

This is accomplished by gradually changing the angle between the planes of the life wires.

-When laying out flsens for elevating building elements, the design is given a suitable shape for example, circular and the bends of the life threads which are later to be inserted into the disc is fixed to a flat stop so that the right angle is obtained between the life wires.

-The two life threads also form a truss in the transverse direction, which gives the desired the property of taking up with the disc parallel force With life wires designed according to the invention, it comes in the plate, inside the life wire bends, inside the longitudinal rebar, or the bar, to have several functions, such as anchoring the life threads while absorbing forces acting as longitudinal force reinforcement in the slab.

-The longitudinal rebar, or bar, and the life threads do not need to be attached by welding or other joining method, since the life wire encloses the longitudinal the reinforcing bar and the cast material in the fungerar end act as a joining material. rial.

If necessary to ensure adhesion between the cast ns end and the longitudinal the walking bar and / or the life wires can be provided with a holding annular wire possibly wound in spiral. The spiral can be made very tight and still make room for the life threads. due to their curved shape.

You can also arm the outer material in the end.

Life wire and longitudinal rods in the stiffening beam can also be attached to each other with welds, where the longitudinal rods can be placed in or outside the bend of the life coil are.

The trestle can also be fitted with double loops to provide better anchoring and to facilitate pull the thread out as the deformations will not be so great.

Other bending patterns according to the invention which give the same effect are described below under the heading: Description of working examples.

It also describes a construction, with a bending pattern called "running eight". which, seen in a section across the edge, forms a truss with two "parallel" bars and with "diagonals" in two directions, one inclined to the right and one inclined to the left. See 21. g 21. This construction is, even in single-wire design, mounted perpendicular to the board, a lot 466 8.60 suitable for absorbing parallel forces with the disc, in all directions, during transport.

It should be pointed out that skewed life wires do not constitute an obstacle to insulation. Because one today to a large extent uses so-called loose wool or fi berisolation in walls and beams law. The insulation is blown or sprayed on site.

Description of the drawings Fig. 1 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the wire web 10, of an element according to the invention, during manufacture.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of the wire web 10 of an element, according to the invention, during effect.

Fig. 3 shows a perspective sketch of an element with stiffening beams and flat wire life 10.

Fig. 4 shows a perspective sketch of an element with stiffening beams and angled wire life 10.

Fig. 5 shows a plan view of an embodiment of the wire web 10 with fl äns.

Fig. 6 shows a plan view of another embodiment of the jaws 23 on the wire web 10 with fl äns.

Fig. 7 shows a view of a web 11 consisting of wire rolled in a counterclockwise planar spiral.

Fig. 8 shows a view of a web according to fi g 7 during longitudinal extension.

Fig. 9 shows a cross section of a web of a building element consisting of a clockwise rolled unit. kel thread with different types of bends.

Fig. 10 shows a longitudinal section of the web of a building element according to fi g 7.

Fig. 11 shows a pre-cast building element, with a simple life wire in alternative embodiments, one in the cross section.

Fig. 12 shows a ground-cast building element, with a simple life wire at an angle with welded surfaces. overlying longitudinal bars in cross section.

Fig. 13 shows cross sections of a building element with a life consisting of rolled double wires with the bends shaped into loops.

Fig. 14 shows an exploded view of the life of a building element according to fi g 16.

Fig. 15 shows perspective drawing of bars and reinforcement used in the load-bearing structure. the construction of a helgiut element according to fi g 16.

Fig. 16 shows a pre-cast building element, with liv your life wires at an angle, according to in cross section.

Fig. 17 shows a beam web 14 bent in eight, in cross section.

Fig. 18 shows a beam web 14 bent in eight, in view.

Fig. 19 shows a beam web 13 rolled in a clockwise flat spiral and weight, in perspective.

Fig. Z) shows a beam life 15 bockati eight and weight, in perspective.

Fig. 21 shows a beam web 16 bent in a running half-eight in cross section.

Fig. 22 shows a beam web 16 bent in a running half-eight in view. 'x 7,466,860 Description of exemplary embodiments.

Figure 3 shows a design of a building element according to the invention. A beam life element (10) flat bends in zigzag shape, according to fi g 1, with angles on the bends (23) as the finished the beam life element (10) should have, but with a distance between the opposite side trestles (23) which is about twice as large as the finished beam life element (10). Balklivselemen- The dough (10) is then folded in half, according to fi g 2, and flattened so that transverse bends (24 and 25) occurs and the life (10) gets the right height for the building element, according to fi g 3.

The trestles (23), (24) and (25) end up in a plane so that a rod (5) in the trestles (24) and (25) can anchor the beam life element (10) and absorb forces in the building element disc (1). See fi g 3.

The beam life element (10) can also be manufactured so that the jaws (13) are in line with the then (2) with the bends (24) and (25) pulled in each direction, each other bend (24) in one direction in one plane and every other (25) in the other direction in another plane so that the planes intersect and forms an angle at the fl end (2), seen in the transverse direction of the flange (2) and so that a rod (5) can placed in the trestle (24) and that a rod (6) can be placed in the trestle (25), according to fi g 4.

In this way, the life has formed a truss in a stiffening beam and also a truss for recording of forces parallel to the disk, for example during transports.

Figure 4 also shows another design of the beam life according to the invention. A thread life (10) is given a transversely angled design by bending every other bend in a plane while they others are bent in another plane. These planes intersect at each other (2) and form an angle with each other seen in section across the longitudinal direction of the beam. You can proceed to the following way. The life wire (10) is bent flat into a zigzag shape. The bends (23) of one side are held while bending the other side bends (23) in each direction, every other to the left and every other to the right seen in the longitudinal direction of life (10).

The trestles that are located in the intersection line of the plane and become twisted are attached to the ns end (11). The flat bent cast in the disc (1). If the bends of one side are held 'so that they do not can turn, while the bends of the other side are pulled in each direction in the same way as described above, one wins with this design that the bucks to be attached to the fl end comes in line.

Beam life elements (11 and / or 12), see 10 g 10 and 11, can also be made of a wire which is to a flattened, dense, either counterclockwise (11) or clockwise (12) and then drawn screw winding, possibly then further flattened. See Figures 7, 8, 9 and 11.

These can be assembled into a beam life unit which, seen in the cross section of the shaft, can form one angle (ß) between them to also absorb forces in the transverse direction of the flange (3) and without turn this. See 14 g 14, 15 and 16.

Furthermore, a beam life element (13) can be manufactured, see fi g 19, formatted according to (11 or 12) with a distance between the opposite side bends (24 and 25) that is approximately twice as large as on the finished beam life element (13) and that the beam life element is then folded in the middle and flattened so that transverse bends (21) arise and the life (13) has the correct height for the building element, that the trestles (21) and the trestles (24) form a plane, respectively the trestles (21) and the trestles (25) forms another plane. These can be seen in the cross section of the river, forming an angle between them. 466 860 8 A beam life element (14), see Figs. 17 and 18, can be formed by a wire wound in eights, flattened, into a dense, and then elongated zigzag shape with transverse trestles, possibly further re flattened. _ A beam life unit can be manufactured from one or more beam life elements (14) as seen in the axis transverse direction, can form an angle between them to also absorb forces in the transverse (3) direction and without turning it.

A beam life element (15), see fi g 20, shaped according to (14) but with a distance between opposite the side bends (24 and 25) which are approximately twice as large as on the finished beam life element (15) and that the beam life element (15) is then folded in the middle and flattened so that the transverse when trestles (21) arise and the life (13) gets the right height for the building element, that the trestles (21) and the bends (24) form one plane, respectively the bends (21) and the bends (25) form another plane and which, seen in the transverse direction of the fl ridge, form an angle between them to also take up forces in the transverse direction of the ns äns (3) and without turning it.

A beam life element (16), see Figs. 21 and 22, can be formed by a wire wound, around two centers in the circumference. alternating half clockwise, half eight, half counterclockwise, half eight, half clockwise and so on, flattened, into a dense, and then elongated zigzag shape with transverse trestles, possibly then further flattened. The construction forms a truss, seen in fl änsens transverse direction, with two "parallel" bars and with "diagonals" in two directions, one tilted to the right and one tilted to the left.

This construction is called in the application, under the heading "Purpose and most important characters ", for" running half past seven ".

A beam life unit can be manufactured from one or more beam life elements (16) which, see Fig. 16 i principle, can form an angle between them, seen in the transverse direction of the ns end.

All the bends of the above beam life are characterized by the fact that they provide the opportunity to absorb in the transverse direction of fl änsen (3) and without turning it.

The manufacture of building elements can be done in two steps. Stiffening beams with life-thread first appears in series production.

Casting of the element's disc (1) may take place in flat or single curved molds. The casting mass spread in the mold and provided with the required reinforcement. The fixed stiffening beams can be immersed or lowered afterwards and the casting mass is vibrated until the necessary stapling is achieved.

The grooves (2 and 3) of the stiffening beams can be given the desired shape for possible raising, by appropriate bending of the beams.

The life wire can easily be given a shape by adjusting its angle in the transverse direction so that the bending the contents of the disc end up at a certain level so that the required inhalation depth, measured from above, for strength and cover layer, measured from below, for corrosion protection ernás without the plate (1) having to be made thicker for this reason.

Claims (10)

466,860 Patent claims Building elements with stiffening beams recessed in a disc (1), each with a longitudinal fl end (2; 3) which is kept at a distance from and in connection with the disc (1) by a beam life unit, the beam life unit comprising one or fl your beam life elements (10; 11, 12; 13; 14; 15; 16) each consisting of a rod which is bent in such a way that, seen in the longitudinal direction of the ns end (2; 3), it forms a substantially zigzag-like pattern, each beam life element has straight portions and in between bent bends, characterized in that the bent portions form an upper row (21, 22; 23) attached to the och end and one or more lower rows (23; 24, 25), where the bent portions (21, 22 24, 25) in at least the upper or lower rows are each bent in a bending plane which is substantially angled towards the longitudinal direction of the och end and is made in about one and a half or one and a half turns (9) so that a longitudinal rod with the fl end (4; 5; 6) for anchoring and crate pick-up, can be placed in or adjacent to the trestles (21, 22; 24, 25) for casting in fl äns (3) and in disc (1), respectively. Building element with a beam life element according to claim 1, characterized in that a beam life element (10), fastened in a shaft (2) and in a molded connection with the plate (1), flat-bent in a zigzag shape corresponding to angles on the bends (23) as the finished - give the beam life element (10), but with a distance between the opposite side bends (23) which is approximately twice as large as the finished beam life element (10) and this then folded in the middle and flattened slightly so that transverse bends (24) and ( 25) arose and the life (10) got the right height for the building element. Building element with a beam life element according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the beam life element (10) is designed so that the trestles (23), (24) and (25) lie in one plane and so that a rod (5) in or in connection to the trestle (24) and (25) can anchor the beam life element (10) and absorb forces in the disc (1) of the building element. Building element with a beam life element according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the beam life element (10) is manufactured so that the trestles (23) are in line with the ns end (2) and the trestles (24) and (25) are pulled in different directions, respectively. bend (24) in one direction in one plane and every other (25) in the other direction in another plane so that the plane intersects and forms an angle at the fl end (2), seen in the transverse direction of the flange and so that a rod (5) can placed in or adjacent to the trestles (24) and that a rod (6) can be placed in or adjacent to the trestles (25). Building element with beam life element according to claim 1, characterized in that one or fl your beam life elements (11; 12), in cast connection with both a flange (3) and a disc (1), each consisting of a wire formed into a flattened, tight, either counterclockwise (11) or clockwise (12) and then extended screw winding, optionally then further flattened. Building element with a beam life element according to claim 1, characterized by. that a beam life element (14), in without connection to both an fl end (3) and a disc (1), formed by a wire wound in eights, flattened, into a dense, and then extended zigzag shape with transverse bends, possibly then further flattened. Building element with a beam life element according to claim 1, characterized in that a beam life element (16), in a molded connection with both an fl end (3) and a disc (1), is formed by a wire wound, around two centers in alternating half or a clockwise rotation, half-eight, half or a counterclockwise rotation, half-eight, half or a clockwise revolution and so on, flattened, into a dense, and then elongated zigzag shape with transverse trestles, optionally further flattened thereafter, Building element with a beam life unit according to claims 1 and 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the beam life unit consists of fl your beam life elements (11; 12), (14; 16), seen in the transverse direction of the som axis which can form an angle (ß) between them to also absorb forces in the transverse direction of the ns end (3). Building element with a beam life element according to claims 1 and 5 or 6, characterized in that a beam life element, (13) formed according to claim 5, or a beam life element (15) formed according to claim 6, with a distance between opposite sides (24; 25). ) which is approximately twice as large as on the finished beam life element (13; 15) and that the beam life element (13; 15) is then folded in the middle and flattened so that transverse bends (21) are formed so that the life (13; 15) got the right height for the building element and that the bends (21) and (24) form a plane, respectively the bends (21) and (25) form another plane as seen in the transverse direction of the fl end (3), forming an angle (ß) between them for to also absorb forces in the transverse direction of the ns end (3). Building element with a beam life element according to claim 1, characterized in that a beam life element (10), fastened in a shaft (2) and in a molded connection with the board (1), bent in zigzag shape, is made so that the upper side bends (21, 22; 23) is aligned with the fl end (2) and with the lower side trestles (23) drawn in each direction, one trestle in one direction in one plane and the other in the other direction in another plane so that the plane intersects and forms an angle at the fl end (2), seen in the transverse direction of the ns end. 4) »r>