SE459976B - Metod foer paafoering av en keramisk belaeggning paa ett metallunderlag - Google Patents
Metod foer paafoering av en keramisk belaeggning paa ett metallunderlagInfo
- Publication number
- SE459976B SE459976B SE8207073A SE8207073A SE459976B SE 459976 B SE459976 B SE 459976B SE 8207073 A SE8207073 A SE 8207073A SE 8207073 A SE8207073 A SE 8207073A SE 459976 B SE459976 B SE 459976B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- substrate
- ceramic
- layer
- metal
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
- F01D25/007—Preventing corrosion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/10—Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof
- C23C4/11—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
- F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/30—Preventing corrosion or unwanted deposits in gas-swept spaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12458—All metal or with adjacent metals having composition, density, or hardness gradient
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12931—Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base components, alternative to each other
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/330,401 US4481237A (en) | 1981-12-14 | 1981-12-14 | Method of applying ceramic coatings on a metallic substrate |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SE8207073D0 SE8207073D0 (sv) | 1982-12-10 |
SE8207073L SE8207073L (sv) | 1983-06-15 |
SE459976B true SE459976B (sv) | 1989-08-28 |
Family
ID=23289604
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SE8207073A SE459976B (sv) | 1981-12-14 | 1982-12-10 | Metod foer paafoering av en keramisk belaeggning paa ett metallunderlag |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4481237A (fr) |
JP (1) | JPS58117876A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE895243A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA1214080A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE3246303A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES518135A0 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2518123A1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2112667B (fr) |
IL (1) | IL67459A0 (fr) |
IT (1) | IT1191127B (fr) |
MX (1) | MX159813A (fr) |
NL (1) | NL190869C (fr) |
SE (1) | SE459976B (fr) |
SG (1) | SG83885G (fr) |
Families Citing this family (72)
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US5209987A (en) * | 1983-07-08 | 1993-05-11 | Raychem Limited | Wire and cable |
DE3422138A1 (de) * | 1984-06-14 | 1985-12-19 | M.A.N. Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nürnberg AG, 8000 München | Verfahren und beschichtungsmaterial zum herstellen von keramik/metall-verbundbeschichtungen |
US4576874A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-03-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Spalling and corrosion resistant ceramic coating for land and marine combustion turbines |
DE3574168D1 (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1989-12-14 | United Technologies Corp | Improved durability metallic-ceramic turbine air seals |
US4588607A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-05-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of applying continuously graded metallic-ceramic layer on metallic substrates |
CH664378A5 (de) * | 1984-12-18 | 1988-02-29 | Castolin Sa | Verfahren zum einschmelzen einer metallischen oberflaechenschicht auf einem werkstueck. |
DE3611291A1 (de) * | 1986-04-04 | 1987-10-15 | Dornier System Gmbh | Herstellung von langzeitbestaendigen sauerstoffelektroden fuer elektrolysezellen mit festelektrolyt |
NL8702391A (nl) * | 1987-10-07 | 1989-05-01 | Elephant Edelmetaal Bv | Werkwijze voor het met behulp van een cad-cam systeem vervaardigen van een dentaalkroon voor een gebitspreparatie. |
DE3734768A1 (de) * | 1987-10-14 | 1989-05-03 | Battelle Institut E V | Armaturteil zum einsatz in einem schwefelsauren medium, das auch abrasiv wirkende feststoffteilchen enthaelt und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen armaturteiles |
JPH0679995B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-18 | 1994-10-12 | 株式会社村田製作所 | AlN基板のWメタライズ構造 |
US4936745A (en) * | 1988-12-16 | 1990-06-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Thin abradable ceramic air seal |
US5169674A (en) * | 1990-10-23 | 1992-12-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Method of applying a thermal barrier coating system to a substrate |
US5217746A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1993-06-08 | Fisher-Barton Inc. | Method for minimizing decarburization and other high temperature oxygen reactions in a plasma sprayed material |
DE4103994A1 (de) * | 1991-02-11 | 1992-08-13 | Inst Elektroswarki Patona | Schutzueberzug vom typ metall-keramik fuer einzelteile aus hitzebestaendigen legierungen |
WO1993005194A1 (fr) * | 1991-09-05 | 1993-03-18 | Technalum Research, Inc. | Procede de production de revetements a gradient de composition continu |
JP2949605B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-20 | 1999-09-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 合金被覆ガスタービン翼及びその製造方法 |
WO1993008315A1 (fr) * | 1991-10-18 | 1993-04-29 | Harold Leroy Harford | Fabrication d'un revetement anti-usure |
FR2691658B1 (fr) * | 1992-05-27 | 1994-07-22 | Snecma | Piece en superalliage comportant un apport et procede de realisation de l'apport. |
WO1993024672A1 (fr) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Revetement en ceramique formant une barriere thermique pour pieces soumises a des cycles thermiques rapides |
US5305726A (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1994-04-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic composite coating material |
US5249554A (en) * | 1993-01-08 | 1993-10-05 | Ford Motor Company | Powertrain component with adherent film having a graded composition |
US5520516A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1996-05-28 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | Zirconia-based tipped blades having macrocracked structure |
GB9419328D0 (en) * | 1994-09-24 | 1994-11-09 | Sprayform Tools & Dies Ltd | Method for controlling the internal stresses in spray deposited articles |
US5518683A (en) * | 1995-02-10 | 1996-05-21 | General Electric Company | High temperature anti-fretting wear coating combination |
US5683761A (en) * | 1995-05-25 | 1997-11-04 | General Electric Company | Alpha alumina protective coatings for bond-coated substrates and their preparation |
US6102656A (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 2000-08-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Segmented abradable ceramic coating |
DE19538046C2 (de) * | 1995-10-13 | 1997-12-11 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Schichtsystem |
DE19625274A1 (de) * | 1996-06-25 | 1998-01-02 | Lwk Plasmakeramik Gmbh & Co Kg | Verstärkung von thermisch gespritzten Hochtemperatur-Keramikformteilen mit thermisch gespritzten Metallschichten |
US5912087A (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 1999-06-15 | General Electric Company | Graded bond coat for a thermal barrier coating system |
US6190124B1 (en) | 1997-11-26 | 2001-02-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Columnar zirconium oxide abrasive coating for a gas turbine engine seal system |
US6001492A (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 1999-12-14 | General Electric Company | Graded bond coat for a thermal barrier coating system |
US6306515B1 (en) * | 1998-08-12 | 2001-10-23 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Thermal barrier and overlay coating systems comprising composite metal/metal oxide bond coating layers |
US6805188B2 (en) * | 2001-04-18 | 2004-10-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Method and arrangement for heat treatment before the execution of sprayform techniques |
US6537021B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2003-03-25 | Chromalloy Gas Turbine Corporation | Abradeable seal system |
GB0121429D0 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2001-10-24 | Trw Ltd | A friction member and method of production of same |
US6716539B2 (en) * | 2001-09-24 | 2004-04-06 | Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation | Dual microstructure thermal barrier coating |
US6955209B2 (en) | 2001-11-05 | 2005-10-18 | Ford Motor Company | Method and arrangement implementing heat treatment after the execution of sprayform techniques |
US6904950B2 (en) * | 2001-11-05 | 2005-06-14 | Ford Motor Company | Method and arrangement for affecting time, temperature and transformation dependent stress relief in sprayform techniques |
US6883581B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2005-04-26 | Ford Motor Company | Method and arrangement for implementing heat treatment during the execution of spray-form techniques |
US6923241B2 (en) | 2001-11-27 | 2005-08-02 | Ford Motor Company | Method and arrangement for controlling stresses based on one-dimensional modeling in sprayform techniques |
US6702553B1 (en) | 2002-10-03 | 2004-03-09 | General Electric Company | Abradable material for clearance control |
GB2397307A (en) * | 2003-01-20 | 2004-07-21 | Rolls Royce Plc | Abradable Coatings |
CA2676135C (fr) * | 2003-06-10 | 2011-08-02 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Element de turbine, turbine a gaz, procede de fabrication d'element de turbine, procede de traitement de surface connexe, element d'aube, element metallique et turbine a vapeur |
DE102004001392A1 (de) * | 2004-01-09 | 2005-08-04 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verschleißschutzbeschichtung und Bauteil mit einer Verschleißschutzbeschichtung |
DE102004002943B4 (de) * | 2004-01-21 | 2007-07-19 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Schichtsystem für eine Rotor-/Statordichtung einer Strömungsmaschine |
DE102004050474A1 (de) * | 2004-10-16 | 2006-04-20 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit einer Verschleißschutzbeschichtung beschichteten Bauteils |
TWI249470B (en) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-02-21 | Univ Nat Central | Structure and method of thermal stress compensation |
DE102005030266A1 (de) * | 2005-06-29 | 2007-01-18 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Schaufel einer Turbomaschine mit einer Schaufelspitzenpanzerung |
US8603930B2 (en) | 2005-10-07 | 2013-12-10 | Sulzer Metco (Us), Inc. | High-purity fused and crushed zirconia alloy powder and method of producing same |
US7455913B2 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2008-11-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Thermal barrier coating compositions, processes for applying same and articles coated with same |
US7448850B2 (en) * | 2006-04-07 | 2008-11-11 | General Electric Company | Closed loop, steam cooled turbine shroud |
US20070274837A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-11-29 | Thomas Alan Taylor | Blade tip coatings |
US8728967B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2014-05-20 | Praxair S.T. Technology, Inc. | High purity powders |
US20080026160A1 (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2008-01-31 | Thomas Alan Taylor | Blade tip coating processes |
US7892652B2 (en) * | 2007-03-13 | 2011-02-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Low stress metallic based coating |
US20090053045A1 (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-02-26 | General Electric Company | Turbine Shroud for Gas Turbine Assemblies and Processes for Forming the Shroud |
US8147982B2 (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2012-04-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Porous protective coating for turbine engine components |
US20090191422A1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2009-07-30 | United Technologies Corporation | Cathodic ARC deposition coatings for turbine engine components |
US8172519B2 (en) * | 2009-05-06 | 2012-05-08 | General Electric Company | Abradable seals |
US20110223354A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | United Technologies Corporation | High pressure pre-oxidation for deposition of thermal barrier coating |
US9187815B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2015-11-17 | United Technologies Corporation | Thermal stabilization of coating material vapor stream |
US8328945B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-12-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Coating apparatus and method with indirect thermal stabilization |
US20110223317A1 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2011-09-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Direct thermal stabilization for coating application |
US8350180B2 (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2013-01-08 | United Technologies Corporation | High pressure pre-oxidation for deposition of thermal barrier coating with hood |
US8337989B2 (en) | 2010-05-17 | 2012-12-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Layered thermal barrier coating with blended transition |
US9169739B2 (en) | 2012-01-04 | 2015-10-27 | United Technologies Corporation | Hybrid blade outer air seal for gas turbine engine |
US8821988B2 (en) | 2012-10-01 | 2014-09-02 | Dayton T. Brown, Inc. | Method for modification of the surface and subsurface regions of metallic substrates |
US9458534B2 (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-10-04 | Mo-How Herman Shen | High strain damping method including a face-centered cubic ferromagnetic damping coating, and components having same |
US10023951B2 (en) | 2013-10-22 | 2018-07-17 | Mo-How Herman Shen | Damping method including a face-centered cubic ferromagnetic damping material, and components having same |
US20180133851A1 (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2018-05-17 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Method of reversing surface stress on a coated component |
CN112874023A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-06-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种隔热保温及隔音降噪一体化材料及其制备方法 |
US11674448B2 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-06-13 | Raytheon Technologies Corporation | Seal system having silicon layer and barrier layer |
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US4289446A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-09-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic faced outer air seal for gas turbine engines |
US4299865A (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-11-10 | General Motors Corporation | Abradable ceramic seal and method of making same |
US4280975A (en) * | 1979-10-12 | 1981-07-28 | General Electric Company | Method for constructing a turbine shroud |
JPS6028903B2 (ja) * | 1979-10-30 | 1985-07-08 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 金属材料の表面処理方法 |
US4321310A (en) * | 1980-01-07 | 1982-03-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Columnar grain ceramic thermal barrier coatings on polished substrates |
-
1981
- 1981-12-14 US US06/330,401 patent/US4481237A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1982
- 1982-11-30 CA CA000416691A patent/CA1214080A/fr not_active Expired
- 1982-12-01 GB GB08234169A patent/GB2112667B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-12-03 JP JP57212616A patent/JPS58117876A/ja active Granted
- 1982-12-03 BE BE0/209647A patent/BE895243A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-08 NL NL8204759A patent/NL190869C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-10 SE SE8207073A patent/SE459976B/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-13 FR FR8220823A patent/FR2518123A1/fr active Granted
- 1982-12-13 IL IL67459A patent/IL67459A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-12-13 ES ES518135A patent/ES518135A0/es active Granted
- 1982-12-14 IT IT24729/82A patent/IT1191127B/it active
- 1982-12-14 DE DE19823246303 patent/DE3246303A1/de active Granted
- 1982-12-14 MX MX195631A patent/MX159813A/es unknown
-
1985
- 1985-11-07 SG SG838/85A patent/SG83885G/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES8401730A1 (es) | 1984-01-01 |
JPS58117876A (ja) | 1983-07-13 |
NL190869C (nl) | 1994-10-03 |
MX159813A (es) | 1989-09-04 |
IT8224729A1 (it) | 1984-06-14 |
SE8207073L (sv) | 1983-06-15 |
DE3246303A1 (de) | 1983-08-04 |
US4481237A (en) | 1984-11-06 |
BE895243A (fr) | 1983-03-31 |
SE8207073D0 (sv) | 1982-12-10 |
NL8204759A (nl) | 1983-07-01 |
JPS641552B2 (fr) | 1989-01-11 |
NL190869B (nl) | 1994-05-02 |
DE3246303C2 (fr) | 1988-04-21 |
GB2112667A (en) | 1983-07-27 |
FR2518123A1 (fr) | 1983-06-17 |
GB2112667B (en) | 1985-07-03 |
IT8224729A0 (it) | 1982-12-14 |
FR2518123B1 (fr) | 1985-03-01 |
IT1191127B (it) | 1988-02-24 |
CA1214080A (fr) | 1986-11-18 |
IL67459A0 (en) | 1983-05-15 |
ES518135A0 (es) | 1984-01-01 |
SG83885G (en) | 1986-11-21 |
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