SE453250B - FOLDED RHYMOUS WOODEN SALT AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PREPARATION - Google Patents

Description

15 20 25 30 35 40 453 250 although the casing in many cases, and especially in connection with narrow sausage products, such as. frankfurter sausage, is removed from the food product after the completion of the treatment.

The term "small food casings" generally refers to those casings which are used in the manufacture of small size sausage products, such as e.g. frankfurterkorv. As the term suggests, this type of food casing is small in full diameter, generally with an inflated diameter in the range of about 13 mm to about 40 mm, and is usually provided as unreinforced, thin-walled tubes of very large length. To facilitate handling, fold. assembled, these casings, which can have a length of 20 to Sd m or more, and compressed, so as to obtain what are generally referred to as "pleated casing lengths" of from about 20 cm to about 60 cm in length. and products obtained therein are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,983,949 and 2,984,574, among others.

"Large size food casings", the common term for casings used in the manufacture of generally larger V food products, such as salami and bolognese sausages, meat loaves, cooked and smoked pieces of ham, etc., are produced in diameter sizes in a filled state of about 40 mm to about 200 mm or t.o.m. major. In general, such casings have a wall thickness of about three times the wall thickness of the "small size casings" and are provided with a fibrous tissue reinforcement embedded in the wall, although they can be made without such a supporting material. the envelopes of large size have been delivered to the food manufacturer in a flattened condition, cut to predetermined lengths of about 0.6 to about 2.2 m. Recently, however, before the time of the present invention, the envelopes of large size of both the fibrous and the unreinforced type has been delivered and is also currently delivered in the form of pleated lengths containing up to about 65 m casing for filling in high-speed machines.

In the manufacture and use of artificial food casings, regulation of the moisture content in the casings is important. Although the pleated, tubular, cellulose-based casing lengths of the type used in connection with the present invention should have a moisture content of at least about 13%, based on the total weight of the casing, the moisture content may be higher. .

When small size regenerated cellulose casings are made, it is generally preferred that they have a water content in the range of from about 14% to about 18% by weight of the casing in its entirety to enable carry out the filling steps without damaging the casings.

This relatively narrow range of moisture content is also important, since excessive fracture formation in the casing during filling has been found to occur at lower moisture contents, and higher moisture content results in excessive plasticity of the casing material and thus filling with too much emulsion.

Large size casings, as described above, have recently been improved in the sense that pleated and compressed casing lengths are available in pre-moistened condition, so that the long utilized and cumbersome step of soaking such casings immediately before the filling step is now eliminated. The moisture content of the large sheaths of the fibrous tissue reinforced type is usually found, when provided in the folded and pre-moistened state, to be in the range of from about 16% to about 35% moisture, based on the weight of the sheath. as a whole.

The specific moisture content can be selected to meet the user's requirements or wishes. If the moisture content is high and a long storage period is relevant before filling, steps to prevent mold or bacterial growth are advisable. A solution compatible with the invention is to limit the activity of the water added before or during filling with sufficient amounts of such solutes as propylene glycol or glycerol. These also function in a suitable way in the casings, which are to be folded and compressed, as plasticizers or humectants.

Folding processes for the above-described casings in accordance with the stated patent references, as with others, can generally be described as including continuous feeding of a length of flattened casing raw material, from a roll e.g. in a folding machine, where it is inflated with low-pressure gas, usually air.

The inflated casing may pass through a system of folding rollers, which fold the casing against an obstacle on or around the folding or collecting mandrel, until a preselected, pleated length has been reached. For a floating mandrel type folding machine, as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. it is compressed to a desired casing length. For a folding machine with a pull-out mandrel, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,583,654, the folding or assembling mandrel with the pleated casing is caused to rotate to an alternate position, where the pleated casing is compressed to the desired casing length.

The normal compression results in a casing length, which can be from about 1.0% to about 1.2 or 1.3% of the original casing length.

U.S. Patent No. 2,001,461, e.g. describes how an original casing length of 1006 cm is reduced to a length of less than 10 cm in pleated form. Hewitt further finds it probable that the lowest practical limit, which can probably be achieved in terms of the ratio between pleated length and original casing length, is probably close to 1: 130. Hewitt, however, ignores the problems encountered in attempting to make such a highly compressed, assembled casing length of practically practical length, and does not touch on the importance of the size of the inner diameter.

The ratio of original casing length to the length of the casing has generally been in the order of 70 to 100 over the entire industrial field prior to the present invention. This ratio is referred to as the "packing ratio" and is the reciprocal of the ratio discussed. by Hewitt.

Packing action is another way of quantitatively expressing the degree to which original casing lengths are compressed to the pleated casing length. Packing action is defined as the ratio of the volume of the pleated and compressed casing in a unit length divided by the volume of the same unit length that would be taken up by solid casing material, and it can be determined by the following relationship: LC x (2 x FW x tc ) PE: 1.- 2 2 1 (if -ID) xLs where PE = packing effect LC = casing length Ls = pleated casing length FW = casing width in flattened condition tc = casing wall thickness OD = outer diameter of pleated casing length ID = inner diameter of pleated casing length.

This calculation automatically takes into account the specific gravity and / or density of the casing material as such.

An examination of the relationship shows that the ratio is in fact the volume of the flattened casing raw material contained in the pleated casing length, divided by the volume of a hollow cylinder with the same dimensions as the pleated casing length. The degree to which the compaction effect increases is thus measured by the proximity of its calculation value to one (1) unit.

Since the packing ratio is the ratio between LC and Ls, the packing effect can also be expressed in another way by the following relation: H2 X FWIxÅtc.

PE = (packing ratio) "_ 2 2 1 (OD - ID) 3 It appears from the formula that for a given packing effect, the packing ratio varies with the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the pleated length of a casing. - 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 453 250 jes raw material with a given size. Since the outer diameter is necessarily limited on the basis of the flattened width (FW) of the casing used to design the pleated casing length, further increasing the diameter difference to increase the packing ratio must ultimately lower the size of the cavity. or the inner diameter. Although the objectives of achieving maximum inner diameter in the pleated length and maximum packing ratio oppose each other, the fact remains that the packing effect is maximized at a given packing ratio, when the inner diameter of the casing length is maximized.

It is usually desirable to use a filling pipe with the maximum hole size (inner cross-sectional area) together with a given casing size, in part to maximize throughput and minimize filling pressure. Another reason for maximizing barrel size is to eliminate the risk of "greasing". Greasing is a phenomenon that occurs when the passage of the meat emulsion through a filling pipe at a high cutting speed causes the emulsion to break down and allows the water and fat to be separated out. The water and fat then accumulate between the surface of the finished sausage product and the cellulose-based food casing during processing, thereby creating an unsatisfactory sausage product with an unacceptable visual appearance. The cutting speed decreases with increasing inner diameter in the filling pipe.

The aim of the assembly and folding technology has been to produce a folded casing length, which can be pulled out again and filled into a filling apparatus, continuously, without any mechanical disturbances or stops to ensure continuous production, whereby the folded length as such has sufficient structural and mechanical integrity, ie coherence, to withstand the usual stresses of packing, storage, handling and placement on the filling apparatus and also the desire to compress as much casing as can be filled in a given pleated casing length that is technically possible for use on a filling pipe with the maximum possible hole size.

The "ideal" pleated casing length is thus a high coefficient balancing a long length of casing per unit of folded casing, leavening length (high packing ratio) and a large inner diameter or hole size (high packing effect).

A typical packing ratio and packing effect according to the prior art can be calculated from the information in U.S. Pat. No. 3,528,825 (Doughty). Reference to column 5, line 75 t.o.m. column 6, row 5 is the description of a folded casing length, in which 30 m casing with an inflated outer diameter of 1.75 cm with a wall thickness of 0.0254 mm is assembled and folded to a length with an outer diameter of 2.22 cm. cm, an inner diameter of 1.27 cm and a pleated casing length of 41.28 cm. Using these data and the above-mentioned packing action formula, it is found that the previously known casing described by Doughty had a packing action of 0.374. Packing ratios for this prior art casing were 70; 30 m was folded and compressed to 41.28 cm.

The cohesion of a pleated casing length is determined by measuring the bending moment in inches - lb at a longitudinal interruption. A casing length is stored on two support brackets provided with V-shaped grooves, fixed on a base plate and placed at a space (D) of about 80% to 90% of the length of the wavelength to be examined.

A pressure part with V-grooved crossbars, placed at a space D of less than 4 inches (10 cm) was lowered centrally on the upper A downward pressure is created by means of a manually operated control rod, the tooth part of the pleated casing length. rod and gear coupling to a force measuring instrument (such as

Hunter Force Indicator, Model L-IM with a "Hold at Maximum Device"), which is attached centrally to the pressure part. The force is applied increasingly, until the housing length is broken. - lb in case of breakage of the equipment is equal to P / 2 x 2 inches, and thus the force reading B is equated with inches - lb for the bending moment to break the casing length. lb and a cohesion Év at least about 2.5 inches - lb is especially suitable and preferred.

Since the relationship between the useful hole diameter of the casing length and the diameter of the filling barrel is an extremely meaningful measure of the functionality of the casing, a "fall-fit" test has been developed for use in connection with pleated casing products. To mimic the placement of a pleated casing length on a filler pipe and thereby measure the effective inner diameter of the pleated casing length, a test was developed in which a pleated casing length is placed above the upper end of a stainless steel vertical rod which is longer. than the pleated casing length, and is allowed to fall freely under the influence of gravity all around the rod to its lower end. In particular, the rod can be placed vertically on a table. The pleated casing length is placed above the upper end of the rod and then released. If the casing length falls to the table surface, the drop-fit test is successful. Rods are available in successively increasing diameters in steps of 0.254 mm, and for some casing sizes, rods have been manufactured with a stepwise increase in diameter of 0.051 mm. The pleated casing length is examined on each rod beginning with the smallest rod and on each subsequent rod size, until the pleated casing length no longer falls freely over the entire length of the rod. The rod with a largest diameter, over which the length falls freely over the entire length of the rod F, is the effective inner diameter of the pleated casing length, i.e. the "fall casing" diameter.

In the manufacture of pleated, cellulose-based casing lengths, the individual pleated lengths vary in flea size, partly due to irregularities in the extent of the folds in the cavities of the pleated length. For this reason, it is necessary for experimental work that a plurality of pleated casing lengths, e.g. at least about 10, is measured for fall fit and that the arithmetic mean is then used to determine the functionality of the whole group in terms of the fit on the filler pipe.

As previously pointed out, fall fit averages are preferably measured at one thousandth of an inch, i.e., 0.0254_mm when and fit fit requirements are defined with this degree of accuracy. If, for example, the requirement is at least 0.490 inches, i.e. 12.446 mm, an average drop fit of 0.489 inches, i.e. 12.421 mm, would be unacceptable, since a significant number of lengths in the group in which 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 250 kept the measurement result 0.489 inches (12.421 mm) as the average drop fit would not work on a filling pipe with a diameter of 0.490 inches, ie 12.444 mm.

One of the most important factors in the folding of food casings of small size is the property of cohesion, ie the duration of the pleated casing length as a self-supporting article. The cohesion of the pleated length is particularly important in making such lengths suitable for use in automatic food filling machines, e.g. a machine park used in the manufacture of such products as e.g. frankfurter sausages and other similar food products. A break or break in a pleated casing length before it is mounted on a filling pipe makes the length unsuitable for use in such automatic filling equipment. A treatment of the tubular food casing, which can be designed into a pleated casing length, must therefore not adversely affect the cohesion of the casing length, and moreover it should rather be more focused on improving it.

Significant effort has been made in recent years in the industry for the manufacture of food casings, especially for casings of small size, to develop systems for the manufacture of highly coherent casing lengths. These have included chemical treatments as described e.g. in U.S. Patent 4,137,947, inter alia

Conventional assembly and folding on modern assembly and folding machines provide pleated casing lengths with a distinguishable angular displacement between a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the casing length and a plane in which an assembled pleat lies. This is called the fold angle. A conventional pleated casing length without the sleeve member of this invention having a fold angle of this nature has a cohesion and structural integrity which is significantly greater than that of a casing length of the same type folded with the pleat perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the casing length. since the total envelope length is to some extent equal to a mass of interconnected, interlocking codes. It has now been found, especially for smaller casings used to make Frankfurt type products, that when a conventional, pleated casing length (without sleeve) is strongly compressed in an effort to maximize its packing ratio, the cohesion or structural integrity of the compressed casing length deteriorates to a point where the casing length can no longer function. That is, the casing length has become brittle, breaks easily and can therefore not be mounted on a filling pipe. It has been speculated that this effect occurs when the strong longitudinal compressive forces tend to flatten the geometry with "in each other cones", which are produced during the assembly and folding process.

It has also been found that when tubular casing is subjected to the assembly process (i.e., transferred from a single-fill, tubular shape to a pleated and compressed casing length as previously described), strong radially inward forces develop in the resulting folded casing length, when high packing effects are achieved. The magnitude of these strong forces was not realized until pleated casing lengths were strongly compressed on tubular sleeve elements according to the present invention and it was found that substantially rigid sleeves lost a certain sleeve diameter over time. It was previously known that the inner diameter of conventional, pleated casing lengths (without any tubular sleeve) shows a sharp reduction in removal from the composite mandrel immediately after compression, and a more gradual further reduction, which appears to continue for about a fold. or more after removal, but the magnitude of the forces causing such diameter reduction was not realized before the time of this invention. Furthermore, it has now been found that the magnitude of these radially inward forces is proportional to the longitudinal compressive force used to compress the casing length to the compressed initial length which the casing length has immediately before removal. That is, the radially inward forces increase as the longitudinal compressive force increases.

GB patent specification 1 167 377 describes a length of pleated tubular casing, which is supported on a hollow shaping element (sleeve), which is designed and dimensioned for insertion around the now filling pipe. The patent describes a friction fit inside the housing length to prevent it from returning from its compressed state or slipping off the shaping element. It is emphasized that the shaping element can be made of any desired material, e.g. synthetic plastic material or thin cardboard. According to a specifically described embodiment of the shaping element, it is constructed of polyvinyl chloride which has been extruded to form a cylinder with a wall thickness of approximately 0.25 mm. The article of this patent has been marketed in the form of tubular film material of polyvinylidene chloride plastic, assembled on a sleeve of cellulose acetate having an inner diameter of 25.0 mm and a wall thickness of about 0.29 mm. The invention according to the above-mentioned British patent has never been used in connection with assembled, cellulose-based, tubular casings.

In addition to the above-mentioned application, the use of a hollow sleeve or central tube as a support material for assembled, large casings has been known for many years. However, all known prior applications of the sleeve member to assembled cellulosic shells have been to provide integrity and to prevent a reduction in the degree of compression during soaking. Rods were used in conjunction with small casings for transport and handling prior to the production of coherent casing lengths.

The assembled casing was then slid off the rods onto the filling pipes in connection with use.

In recent years, the technology in connection with cellulose-based food casings has been increasingly removed from the use of internal tubes as barriers and support materials for the casings and counter-holding retaining and supporting elements, such as e.g. mesh and shrinkable or elastic film for medium and large casings. Small casings were used as coherent casing lengths without any other supporting element.

A main object of the present invention is to provide a pleated, tubular casing length article having high coherence with casing which is pleated and compressed to a higher packing ratio than has heretofore been achieved in practice while maintaining an acceptable neck size ( inner diameter) is maintained, as evidenced by a high packing action.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a highly coherent, pleated casing length product with a high packing ratio and high packing action with a general structure and type, which finds widespread use across the full range of casing sizes and casing types used in the food industry.

Another important object in connection with the invention is to provide a high-density pleated casing length article with a packing ratio in combination with a packing effect, both of which are significantly higher than what can be achieved in the casing manufacturing industry today, while eliminating all possible prior art problems associated with a lack of structural integrity or coherence.

Another important object of the present invention is to provide a high density sleeve casing pleated casing having a sleeve having suitable physical properties to counteract the strong, radially inward forces which develop when a tubular casing undergoes assembly. and the folding process and then compressed to a high packing ratio. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method for manufacturing high density casing pleated casing lengths in currently available assembly and folding machines with only minor, if any, modifications to the machinery to make the article of the invention. - one.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a casing article having a combination of a larger inner diameter and a higher packing ratio than can be achieved with a product without a sleeve. Another important object of the invention is the provision of a casing pleated casing with a high density on the sleeve, through which it becomes possible to obtain specific standard casing sizes over all casing size ranges to fit resp. larger filling pipes than has been possible so far. The contribution that the pleated casing article according to the present invention thereby makes to the technology consists in a more efficient packaging process for the filling of food articles of all kinds in available casings.

A special object of an aspect of the invention is to provide a casing length casing with a high density on the sleeve, in which the sleeve replaces the barrel of the filling machine and thereby becomes a consumable element in the filling machine.

Yet another particular object of the invention is to provide a high density casing pleated casing longitudinal salt in which the casing element can be used at will as a support tube for breaching a filling pipe in a filling apparatus or alternatively as the filling pipe itself, wherein there is an adjusting device of one kind or another attached to the sleeve element in the article and arranged internally in a retracted part of the pleated housing.

In contrast to the previous use of sleeves, a new use for sleeves has now been discovered, in which they are designed to limit the effects of the radially inward force of pleated casing to such an extent that one not only achieves packing conditions which are significantly higher. than previously achieved (pleated casing lengths without sleeves, compressed and pleated under the same conditions), but these higher packing conditions can be achieved together with casing articles with equivalent or even larger usable collar sizes than was possible with the previously mentioned , comparable, pleated casing lengths without sleeves. This was in stark contrast to what a person skilled in the art would have reason to expect, ie that a sleeve would take up space and thereby reduce the effective hole or inner diameter of the casing length. It would thus be expected that a sleeve would have a negative effect on the packing ratio. Contrary to this theory, the high density cladding, cellulose-based casing article of the present invention can provide a significantly higher packing ratio without any reduction in the useful cavity size and can thus result in a sleeve-folded casing article which has a packing action which is higher than the packing action of a casing-folded casing length.

An additional feature of the article according to the invention is that the invention provides a casing article with increased structural integrity and strength.

In an embodiment which is particularly useful in connection with filling apparatus for packing meat products in piece form, such as e.g. whole hams without bones, etc., the sleeve itself is used in the article according to the invention instead of a filling pipe. It should be noted in this connection, however, that the filling apparatus for whole hams without bones is considered as a separate invention, and the invention according to the present invention may only be the adaptation of the sleeve, high-density pleated article to such apparatus. . It should further be emphasized that such an apparatus is the subject of a related application, SE 82 03597-9, which has been transferred to the same applicant as the present application.

A further embodiment of the invention provides a high density casing pleated casing length product, the sleeve elements of which can be used at will as a support tube for breach on a filling pipe in a filling apparatus or alternatively as the filling pipe itself, wherein there is an adjusting device of a or other type mounted on the sleeve element in the article and arranged internally in a retracted part of the pleated casing. It should be noted, however, that such a pleated casing is the subject of an associated application, SE 8203398-6, which has been transferred to the same applicant as the present application. Thus, in general, the invention relates to a pleated tubular casing article which is characterized in that it comprises a combination of a tubular casing and a moistened, cellulose-based feed casing length of a moisture content of at least 13% of the total weight of the casing, which folded and strongly compressed on the sleeve to a packing ratio of at least 100 and to a packing effect of 0.50 or more and also individually greater than the packing ratio and packing effect of the same casing length, as folded. and strongly compressed under the same folding and compressing conditions without the sleeve, thereby generating strong inward expansion force from the housing, the sleeve being sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of the strong inward force of expansion. from the casing, For this comparison between assembled and compressed casings with and without sleeve, the casing article without casing has no external longitudinal obstacle or locking element.

The term "same folding and compression conditions" as used herein means the folding method and apparatus (for example, including the folding element and diameter of the folding mandrel) and the final compression method, apparatus and length in compressed or compression form. the force is essentially the same.

In a preferred application of the invention, the compaction effect is maintained at 0.60 and higher.

In a preferred embodiment of this coherent casing article, the sleeve has, based on a case-fit comparison (discussed in detail above), an inner diameter which is at least equal to the inner diameter which the same casing would have, if folded and strongly compressed under the same folding and compressing conditions without the sleeve. In a preferred embodiment, the casing consists of the small, unreinforced cellulose type with an inflated diameter of less than about 40 mm and pleated to a packing ratio of at least 100.

In its method aspects, the present invention encompasses a process for the manufacture of a casing pleated and strongly compressed casing article, starting from a cellulose-based food casing length with a moisture content of at least Ûf% of the total weight of the casing, 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 250 16 (b) pushes the inner hole periphery of the cellulose-based casing length over a first end of a mandrel and then alternatively (c1) folds and compresses the cellulosic-based casing length of the mandrel, (d1) inserts a hollow sleeve, which sleeve is rigid enough to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of inward expansion force from the housing due to the compression of the housing and (e1) linearly moves the pleated and compressed housing length from the other end of the mandrel to the outside of the sleeve to achieve a high packing ratio and a high packing effect, whereby the inward expansion force from the casing is generated in connection with or that the inner diameter of the pleated casing length is contracted, or (c2) folds the cellulose-based casing length of the mandrel having a reduced diameter end portion at the other end of the mandrel, (d2) facing a hollow sleeve, arranged coaxially with and lying adjacent the end portion of the mandrel of reduced diameter, the sleeve being sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of inward expansion force from the housing due to compression of the housing, the sleeve possibly being supported by a second mandrel, (e2) linearly moves the pleated casing length along the mandrel over the outside of the coaxially arranged sleeve and (fz) compresses the pleated casing length of the sleeve to a high packing ratio and to a high packing effect, whereby the expansion effect the casing is generated.

Another method embodiment of the invention involves a method of making a sleeve pleated and force-fitting. 453 åšmö * 17 compressed casing article, starting from a cellulose-based food casing length with a moisture content of at least 13% of the total weight of the casing, (b) sliding the inner cavity periphery of the cellulosic-based food casing over a first length of a casing over the first . ) moves the pleated casing length from the other end of the mandrel over to the outside of the sleeve and (f) further compresses the pleated casing length of the sleeve to a high packing ratio and to a high packing action, thereby generating the inward expansion force from the casing. In this embodiment, the sleeve is preferably supported on a second mandrel, and the assembled casing length is transferred on the sleeve and the second mandrel for compression to the fully compressed state. In addition, the pleated casing length supported on the mandrel can be moved to a second position before the pleated casing length is transferred from the other end of the mandrel to the sleeve.

Preferably, the sleeve is arranged coaxially with and lying in- a to the other end of the mandrel.

Another embodiment of the present invention consists in a process for the manufacture of a casing pleated and strongly compressed casing article, starting from a cellulose-based food casing length with a moisture content of at least 13% of the total weight of the casing, (b) providing a hollow sleeve which is sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of directional expansion force from the housing due to the compression, (c) provides a mandrel and longitudinally slides the inner hole periphery of the sleeve over the outer periphery of the mandrel, (d) in the longitudinal direction, the inner hole periphery of the cellulose-based food casing length slides over the outer periphery of the sleeve, (e) folds the cellulosic-based food casing length on the sleeve and the mandrel, (f) compresses the folded to a high packing ratio and to a high packing effect, whereby it is inward the expansion force from the casing is generated, and (g) the longitudinally folded and strongly compressed casing article slides off the mandrel.

Another method embodiment of the present invention comprises a method of making a sleeve-folded and highly compressed casing article, starting from a cellulose-based food casing length having a moisture content of at least 13% of the total weight of the casing, (b) pushing the interior the periphery perforation of the cellulosic food casing length over a first end of a mandrel, (c) folds the cellulosic food casing length of the mandrel, (d) compresses the pleated casing length of the mandrel to a high packing ratio, and to a high packing ratio. ) provides a hollow sleeve which is sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of inward expansion force from the housing due to compression of the housing and (f) allows the compressed, pleated casing length to slide off end in the longitudinal direction and over the outer periphery of the sleeve to achieve a high packing ratio and a hay g packing action, whereby the inward expansion force from the casing is generated at the same time as the inner diameters of the assembled casing length are contracted. Yet another method embodiment of the present invention comprises a process for the manufacture of a casing-assembled and highly compressed casing article, starting from a cellulose-based food casing length having a moisture content of at least 13% of the total weight of the casing, (b) inner hole periphery of the cellulosic food casing length over a first end of a mandrel, (c) folds the cellulosic food casing length of the mandrel, (d) provides a hollow sleeve sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the sleeve. diameter by the action of inward expansion force from the casing due to the compression of the casing, the sleeve possibly being supported by a second mandrel, (e) moving the, folded, cellulose-based food casing length supported on the mandrel to a second position, preferably in linear and coaxial orientation relative to the sleeve, (f) moves the pleated casing length from the first end of the mandrel to h ylsans r-,. , f '10' A15 20 '25 30 35 40 453 250 19 outside and (g) further compresses the pleated casing length of the sleeve to a high packing ratio and to a high packing action, thereby generating the inward expansion force from the casing. In this embodiment, the sleeve is preferably supported on a second mandrel, and the partially compressed casing length is transferred to the sleeve and the second mandrel for compression to a fully compressed state.

The special moisture content preferred for different types of casing can vary. More specifically, the moisture content of controllably moistened, pleated, fibrous casings of larger size preferably varies in the order of about 16% to about 35%, based on the total weight of the casing. The preferred moisture content range for medium size casings will also be in the order of about 16% to about 35% moisture, based on the weight of the casing as a whole.

The smaller size casings, which are used to manufacture Frankfurt-type products, etc., are suitably provided with moisture contents, calculated on the weight of the casing as a whole, in the order of about 14% to about 18%.

The tubular sleeve element of an article according to the invention must be sufficiently rigid to withstand deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of inwardly directed expansion force from the housing, however, it can be expected that a slight deformation and reuduction of the inner diameter will occur. to occur, but this is acceptable, unless it happens to an excessive degree. The diameter of the sleeve varies from about 0.95 cm to 12.7 cm or more, depending on the size of the housing and the required inner diameter. It may vary in wall thickness to suit the casing article used in the particular case and its adaptation and utilization, and moreover be in accordance with the sleeve material used, but in general it can be seen that the wall thickness of such a tubular sleeve is within the range. from about 0.051 cm to about 0.254 cm. The invention is described below in more detail and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Fig. 1 is a vertical projection of an apparatus which can be used to manufacture an article according to the invention and in accordance with a method according to the invention, showing the folding process in connection with a continuously fed length of casing material, Fig. 2 shows the folding step completed and with the pleated casing length moved to the compression part of the apparatus according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows the application of the compression force for manufacturing the casing length according to the invention on a sleeve element, mounted on the extended part of the folding machine, Fig. 4 is an isometric view of an article according to the invention, showing the pleated and compressed casing in place on a hollow, tubular sleeve, Fig. 5 is a view of a variation of the invention, adapted for use as a filling pipe element on filling equipment for processing meat product Fig. 6 is an isometric view of a product embodiment according to the invention, which is particularly useful in filling medium-sized products, in which the sleeve element can be used as a support material which can be threaded over a filling pipe or alternatively as the filling pipe part itself of the apparatus, Fig. 7 is a view of an article in accordance with the invention, which is useful in the filling in connection with the manufacture of sausage products of small size, wherein the sleeve element replaces the filling spout on the filling apparatus, Fig. 8 is a diagram showing a fall fit which a function of packing ratio for assembled casing lengths with and without sleeve, formed of 48.8 m non-fibrous casing with small diameter and the size designation 25, Fig. 9 is a diagram showing cohesion as a function of packing ratio for casing assembled casing lengths , 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0453 250 21 formed of 48.8 m long non-fibrous casing with small diameter with size bite Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the fall fit as a function of packing ratio for sleeveless pleated casing lengths, formed of small diameter cellulosic based casing and sized 17, 21 and 27 (without fibrous reinforcement), wherein all the casing lengths of a particular size have the same length, Fig. 11 is a diagram showing cohesion as a function of packing ratio for the casing pleated casing lengths of Fig. 10, Fig. 12 is a diagram showing the maximum packing ratio that can be achieved for sleeve-folded casing lengths, formed of medium-sized fibrous casings in the size designation range 43 to 60, to fit a 2,725 cm filling pipe, and Fig. 13 is a diagram showing the same relationship as Fig. 12 for fibrous casings of medium size in the size range 70 to 100, to fit a 3,952 cm filling pipe.

Referring to the drawing, Figs. 1 and 2 show a typical folding or collecting machine of the floating mandrel type, generally referred to as 11, comprising a collecting mandrel 13 extending through a collecting head 15. An inflated housing 17 is fed onto the mandrel. 13 by means of a pair of feed rollers 19 and a pair of cooperating feed belts 21. The collecting head 15 comprises a plurality of collecting wheels 23, usually three, through which the inflated casing 17 passes, which collect the casing in connection with retaining belts 25 on a for expert well-known manner. The collecting wheels are of a general type, which are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,461,484. The feed of the pleated casing 17 to the mandrel 13 is prevented by means of a system of retaining belts 25 in order to provide a substantially regular folding and a partially compressed , pleated casing. After the initial collecting and folding action, the casing is transferred by the retaining points further along the mandrel and towards a first fastening device 27. To carry out the transfer of the pleated casing to the substantially rigid, hollow, tubular sleeve and its final compression thereon in accordance with the invention, the first fastening device 27 is pivoted out and a pleated length is moved manually, or by means of any conventional automatic device, to the position shown in Fig. 2, towards the second fastening device 29. In this position, the pleated casing length is mounted on a hollow, tubular sleeve 31, located on a recessed or reduced portion of the mandrel 13, as shown in Figure 3, which shows an enlarged detail of the right side of the image in FIG. The final compression of the housing 17 on the hollow tubular sleeve 31 is performed by means of a press body 33, which moves linearly towards the second fastening device 29, until the desired, pleated casing length has been achieved. A mounting plate 35 or gasket can be advantageously inserted between the end of the housing 17 and the second fastening device 29, so that the housing, when the unit article is removed, will be securely retained on the hollow tubular sleeve and prevented from slipping off. End.

When a sleeve-wrapped, high-density casing article is completed, as described in the previous step, the second fastener 29 is removed from its retaining position and the finished product is removed.

The article according to the invention can e.g. assembled by transferring the pleated and partially compressed casing to its hollow, tubular sleeve 31 in the manner described above. Drawing Figure 3 shows the pleated and partially compressed casing length moved linearly onto a sleeve, which is oriented coaxially with the folding mandrel 13, on a part thereof with reduced diameter, after which the final compression force is applied by means of a compression body 33.

Other methods can be used to place the pleated casing on a sleeve. In a folding or collecting machine of the floating mandrel type, e.g. the one previously described, the soaked casing can e.g. completely compressed over the mandrel in the assembly machine and subsequently removed over a tubular sleeve.

It is also possible to completely remove the pleated and partially compressed casing length from the collecting apparatus 11 on a transport rod or moving mandrel and move the entire length to a separate compression apparatus, where the pleated casing length is placed on a sleeve and compressed. Alternatively, the sleeve can be placed on the cantilevered mandrel and then placed on it, so that the casing is folded on the sleeve, after which the casing pleated on the sleeve is completely compressed on the sleeve and then the casing length completely compressed (removed) from the mandrel is removed.

Another assembly system involving the use of a retractable mandrel assembly machine is described in U.S. Patent No. 2,583,654.

This type of assembly system can be used in the manufacture of the article according to the invention, and it allows folding (assembly) of the casing directly on a sleeve for later compression thereon. In one embodiment, the sleeve is placed on the retracting assembly mandrel and placed thereon so that the casing is folded onto the sleeve, after which the casing pleated on the sleeve is completely compressed on the sleeve, and then the casing length completely compressed on the sleeve is removed. . In an alternative embodiment, the casing can be folded and compressed on the retracting mandrel in a conventional manner and the pleated and compressed casing can be slid off the mandrel and onto the sleeve. In another embodiment, the casing can be folded and partially compressed on the retracting mandrel, after which the mandrel is moved to a new position coaxial with the sleeve, after which the partially compressed, pleated casing length is slid over from the mandrel to the sleeve, and the pleated casing length is then completely on the sleeve. It is also possible to remove the pleated and partially compressed casing length completely from the collecting apparatus with the retracting mandrel by removal to a transport rod or moving mandrel and then transferring the partially compressed, folded casing length from the transport rod or moving mandrel to the casing. in a separate compression apparatus 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 250 24, where the pleated casing length is then completely compressed on the sleeve.

Achieving the maximum possible packing ratio in connection with the article according to the invention requires a high compressive force, which in turn produces strong radially inwardly directed forces in the pleated casing length. Since the preferred method of making the article of the invention involves compressing the pleated casing while it is in place on its sleeve, it can of course be expected that a low coefficient of friction between the casing and the sleeve is desirable. Example VII (which is discussed in detail below) illustrates that a higher packing ratio can be obtained with a sleeve material, such as high density polyethylene with a relatively low coefficient of friction, compared to polypropylene or polystyrene, which have higher coefficients of friction. Fig. 4 of the drawing shows an article in accordance with the invention, more particularly a moistened, cellulose-based food casing length 17, folded and compressed on a substantially rigid, tubular sleeve 31 to a higher packing ratio and a higher packing effect than has hitherto conventionally reached. Also shown in Fig. 4 are mounting plates 35, which may optionally be provided and located at each end of the weekly casing length to retain it in its compressed condition on the sleeve.

Fig. 5 of the drawing shows a presently preferred embodiment of folding made on a sleeve with high density, applied to the demountable filling pipe, which is the subject of a co-pending application by Beckman et al, SE 82 03597-9 , which is also mentioned above.

In this embodiment, a rotatable casing retaining member 37 is mounted mounted on the hollow tubular sleeve 31, located within a retracted length of the casing 17, which is pulled out of the pleated and compressed casing length, over the rotatable casing retaining member and end of the casing member. the sleeve / filling spout, where it can be closed with a clamp to provide an end closure for the product to be filled in the casing. The device is further provided with a collar 39, as shown at the opposite end of the combination article, to facilitate attachment of the article to the filling apparatus.

Fig. 6 of the drawing shows the article collected in a high-density sleeve in accordance with the invention, adapted to a casing carrier or support arm, which is to be slid over the filling barrel in a filling apparatus. When the article is used in this way, a collar 39 on such an article can be connected to equipment in the filling machine, which provides for the mutual movement of the whole arm to carry out unloading moments, when required in the filling process. An embodiment very similar to that shown in Fig. 6 of the drawing can alternatively be used as a sleeve or sleeve, which includes an adjusting or retaining element, in which case a retracted part of the housing would be pulled over the adjusting or retaining element and the end of the tubular sleeve, and closed with a clamp to retain the product filled in the housing.

Fig. 7 of the drawing shows an article according to the invention, adapted for use in the filling manufacture of small size sausage products, provided with a holding attachment 41, which is arranged and located to fit directly on a filling machine, the hollow , the tubular sleeve 31 in the article thus succeeds the conventional filling pipe. In this case, the housing 17 is partially retracted, pulled over an adjusting element 43 and the end of the pipe - the barrel, where it is closed to effect closure to the product filling process.

It is particularly advantageous to provide long lengths of casing of a given total length for the filling of small-sized sausage products, since the production of such products is largely carried out in high-speed, automatic filling machines. Use of the casing article according to the invention allows the use of significantly longer casing lengths within the framework of a given total length, which results in more efficient operation of the equipment and at the same time the dimensional requirements specified with high precision. .ex. straightness) and structural integrity (coherence) required for the casing to be used in such equipment.

Fig. 7 of the drawing also illustrates the folding angle 6 of the casing in the form of a folded length according to the invention. Conventional assembly on modern assembly machines gives rise to assembled casing lengths with a discernible angular displacement between a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the casing length and a plane in which an assembled fold lies. A casing length assembled without a sleeve with a crease angle of this nature has, as it turned out, much greater coherence and structural integrity than such a length of the same fabric would have, if assembled with the crease angle perpendicular to the length axis of the casing length, then the total the envelope length is somewhat similar to a collection of interlocking cones. The sleeve element provides sufficient structural rigidity so that one does not have to rely on the fold angle of the cohesion.

One reason for including a certain fold angle 6 in casing lengths in accordance with the invention is to prevent the extension of the casing drawer in the longitudinal direction. Folded casing lengths, immediately after they have been removed from the compilation and / or compression mandrel, have a tendency to show growth, which is the tendency of a non-retained, pleated and compressed casing length to become longer. In connection with casing pleated and jump-wrapped casing lengths, the extension of the folded casing is also radially inward in the inner diameter of the casing length, also called a barrel, a phenomenon which increases in proportion to the degree to which the casing length can be prevented in the longitudinal direction. .

The tendency of a pleated and compressed casing length to grow radially inwards towards the sleeve gives rise to an extra locking effect for the casing fold towards the outside of the sleeve. With this beneficial effect, the tendency of a finished, assembled casing length to grow longitudinally is significantly reduced by crease-to-crease friction, combined with a crease-to-sleeve frictional force, so that only a minimal additional obstacles in the longitudinal direction are required to stabilize the casing length product in terms of dimensions. __ ~ - 41.1. lg. .mp ...'- 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 J. 455 250 27 Example I.

A 76.22 m length of fibrous casing of large size, trade name size 10, with a flattened average width of 19.18 cm and a wall thickness of 0.10 mm was assembled using an assembly device which was very similar to the one in U.S. Patent 3,461,484 (Arnold). The casing had a moisture content of about 20% by weight, calculated on the total casing weight. A mineral oil lubricant was used, which is a conventional step in this context. Internal oil was used to reduce mandrel friction and external oil was used to prevent damage to the casing during assembly and excessive wear of the assembly rollers. The mineral oil lubricant was applied internally at a rate of about 180 mg of oil per 645 cm 2 of casing surface and externally at a rate of about 100 mg of oil per 645 cm 2 of casing surface, which amounts had no demonstrable adverse effect on the properties of the finished casing length. The casing was compressed from one end of a polyethylene sleeve having a higher density and having an inner diameter of 9.53 cm and a wall thickness of 0.16 cm to a total casing length of 58.42 cm. The casing article in question was produced on a cantilever mandrel assembly machine in a manner described above, in which the assembled casing, after assembly and light compression, is transferred to a sleeve arranged coaxially with the assembly mandrel on a reduced diameter portion thereof, finally compressed. place on the sleeve and removed. heat gave a casing length accumulated on a high density sleeve in accordance with the invention with a packing ratio of 130.4 and a packing effect of about 0.757.

For comparison with a reference sample, a commercially available standard length of 45.75 m of the same size and type of casing was assembled and hoisted to the same assembled casing length of 58.42 cm without any sleeve and this length was found to have a packing ratio of 78 and a packing action of 0.390 with an inner diameter in the course of 9.21 cm. Other reference tests without sleeve with a higher packing ratio and a higher packing effect gave products that could not be used due to excessive reduction of the barrel due to radially inward distribution. 10 15 20 25 35 40 453 250 28 Example II The fact that very strong inward forces are generated over the casing length as a result of the assembly process was demonstrated by experimental work involving assembly and compression to a high packing ratio and high packing effect of sample size 25 ( 21 mm diameter in inflated condition) of cellulose casing of small size (without fibrous reinforcement) with a casing wall thickness of about 0.0254 mm. In the experimental work, lengths of cellulose casing having the size designation 25, about 5 samples of each, were assembled using a composite anoid that was very similar to that described by Arnold in U.S. Pat. No. 3,461,484, while the assembled casing length was rotated as indicated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,397,069. The total casing length was then compressed with a compression force of about 181 kp on tubular sleeves with a wall thickness of 0.254 mm, 0.508 mm, 0.762 mm, 1.016 mm and 1.270 mm. The sleeve-mounted specimens were prepared on a cantilever mandrel assembly machine, as described in detail above, except that during the final compression of the sleeve, the sleeve 31 was allowed to slide freely past the rear fastener 29 (Fig. 3), thereby simultaneously compressing the housing. tive from both ends. All tubular sleeves had an inner diameter of 1.30 cm and the compression after assembly was done on a 1.27 cm diameter compression mandrel part with the sleeve elements threaded thereon. In all samples, the moisture content was optically reduced to about ¶6, š w / w percentage and mín ~ mineral oil was used as an internal lubricant (approx. 14 to 20 mg / 645 cmz) and external lubricant (up to approx. 70 mg / 645 cmz).

The amounts of lubricant are not critical, but they indicate the usual amounts for the special collection machine and casing type used here.

The upper part of Table 1 shows the dimensions of the inner diameters of the sleeves immediately after they have been removed or removed from the mandrel, and at least one day and up to twenty days later. The reduction in the inner diameter of the sleeve was due to the strong inward expansion force from the housing, which was a result of the high packing ratio and the high packing effect. It should be noted that the degree of flux reduction of the sleeve is a function of pipe diameter as well as the magnitude of inward forces and the creep strength of the sleeve (ie large casings require greater casing thickness than small casings). jen to withstand the same inward force per unit area).

It should be noted that the relatively low creep strength of the higher density polyethylene allowed the 0.254 mm thick sleeve to be compressed until the inner diameter of the sleeve (12.192 mm) was in fact smaller than the bore of it without the inner sleeve length. ). sleeve assembled the sample. diameter was of course larger (12,192 + 2 (0,254) = The lower part of Table 1 shows data on a sample of a casing of the same size, size designation 25, collected and compressed on a 14.61 mm mandrel, but without any sleeve Although high packing ratio and high packing effect were achieved with "conical" folds (114.7 and 0.63, respectively), ring size of the barrel (determined by drop-fit test) and this would be unacceptable for commercial application. would not be correct to directly compare these data with the data given in Table 1 for a product applied to a sleeve, as each of the samples collected on a sleeve was compressed on a support sleeve with an outer diameter, there was excessive reduction- which varied in accordance with the wall thickness of the sleeve.

Two fold angles were used in these collection experiments reported in Table 1. The term "upright" denotes an assembly fold angle of about 150, and the term "conical" denotes an assembly fold angle of about 450. The samples of "upright" folds were assembled with assembly devices or rollers similar to those of U.S. Pat. No. 2,984,574. (Matecki) described. The packing ratio in the compressed state for the sample without sleeve with conical folds can be compared with the 64.05 m sample without sleeve in Table 2, where the casing length is unusable due to the lack of coherence. mm.o v «.o wumcmw _ cmxum> mmc«: xumm o> m. ~ P m ~ m. ~. wumcww .uwuwem fl ø m ~ = H mw_.mP mmmf »wmm»> m .uwuwsm fl w w »: H>.« PP P. ° m wumcww .. = »mwxu ~ m« .m ~ P ß_P_P »wmm»> m _ .; ~ @ «xumm mP« _ m_ @ ~ _ »mwwwHm @ o: .. = Hw« xu ~ @ -wmæ 0 3 w> _o> @_ o ~> _o mm.o_ m> .o> mo o ~ _o wm_o æ @ .o mm ~ ° wumcwm CNXHU> m CWCXOMA ßmv. ~ _ @ _m_ ~, @ «« _ NP m «~. ~ P ° ßm. ~ P ~ mP_ ~ P m, m. ~ P @_ ~. ~ P ~ m_. ~ F F.æ.PP w »~ = ww -m. ~ P @« v. ~ _ @ ««. ~ P _N «_ ~, w« «. ~, M« ~ . ~ P m_m_ ~ ,. ~ mF. ~ _ -m_ ~ _ omo_ ~ _ »wmm»> <ß EE f fl w fl wš flflfl hw flflfi w fi ä fl xf fl ßxwwwm nu «_ ~ _P ß_æ__ __ ~ _F. æ.moP ~ .m ~ _ w_moP. w.w_F æ. @ P. m_. ~ _ w_v, f wgmcww nw «_PPP> _ @ _ F ~ _mP_ mm ,, ~ _o ~ P ß_vPP mP ~ F m_-P om ~ P m_m, P» wmm »> <za m _ @ _ F om ~,, _ «~ @ M_m_P P_m ~ _ P.> ~ _«. ~ M. m. «~ P w.o« P «_mmP uwmæamom Cu W É _ mm fl æs nwë> oum Hmm mwcm flfi wmumwxumm o> ~ _P @_o_,. ~ w>. ° w ° m. °. «M ~ .o. @@ w> m @> =» «~» xxu> ~ »wmpx fl ußwc fi> m Hwuxwwwm _ _ ._ PHH w QNH 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 453 250 31 The sleeve material in the experiments according to Table 1 was of high density polyethylene. To facilitate production, the sleeves were made of thick-walled hose, and the resulting uneven exterior slightly reduced the packing ratio that could be achieved. A closer study of Table 1 shows that for high-density polyethylene sleeves, a significant distortion of the bore occurs in the casing article, even when the sleeve thickness is as large as 1.27 mm. It can also be seen from Table 1 that for a constant compressive force (in this example 181.6 kp), the final packing ratio obtained decreases proportionally as the sleeve thickness increases (ie the outer diameter of the sleeve increases). However, the packing effect also increases. In order to maximize the packing ratio, the fit of the filling pipe and the packing effect, the design of the sleeve must take into account (a) the creep of the sleeve due to strong inward forces from the casing as well as the required final barrel size, (b) reduction of packing ratio that would excessive sleeve wall thickness was utilized and (c) the cost of the sleeve material.

Other examined sleeve materials gave similar results in terms of sleeve deformation. Sleeves made of ABS hose, ie. of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, worked satisfactorily at slightly lower wall thickness than high density polyethylene sleeves, but ABS sleeves are less economical.

Example III - The advantages offered by the high density cellulose casing assemblies in terms of packing action and packing ratio are demonstrated by means of experiments involving the assembly and compression to high packing ratio and high packing effect of samples with the size designation 25 (21 mm diameter in the inflated state) of cellulose casing (without fibrous reinforcement) with a casing wall thickness of 0.0254 mm. The moisture content of the casing in collected form was about 16.5% by weight and mineral oil lubricant was used as indicated in Example II. Collection devices of the type in commercial use and similar to that described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,461,484 were used to assemble the casing while turning the assembled casing length, as further specified in U.S. Pat. U.S. Pat. No. 3,397,069, and each of the casing lengths was later pressed onto tubular polypropylene sleeves (polypropylene reinforced with 20% talc) for comparison with casings assembled using the same assembling methods but compressed without sleeves. The casing articles collected on high density sleeves were manufactured on a cantilever mandrel assembly machine, described in detail above, except that during the final compression of the sleeve, the sleeve 31 was allowed to slide freely past the rear fastening device 29 (Fig. 3). at the housing effectively compressed simultaneously from both ends. In addition, to obtain a more even compression over the entire assembled casing length, approximately 24.4 m of casing was compressed at one time (increasing compression). The samples without sleeves and some of the samples on sleeves were designed so that they had a drop fit of 12,446 mm. Other samples with sleeve were designed so that the tubular sleeve can function as a temporary filling pipe. In these cases, the inner diameter of the sleeve was substantially equal to the inner diameter of a 12.7 mm outer diameter filler pipe and the assembled article did not have any special "fit" requirements with respect to For all samples, the assembled casing was compressed to a final casing length of about 50.8 cm Approximately ten samples were prepared for each of the different casing designs and for each of the casing designs, which consisted of casing lengths. with a length ranging from 48.8 m to 68.6 m.

The results of the different experiments are summarized in Table 2. For products without a sleeve with a casing length of 64.1 m and above, poor coherence resulted in interrupted casing lengths and fall-fit measurements after one week were not possible.

For articles without a sleeve, containing casing lengths of 57.0 to 61.8 m, radially inward forces due to the spread of the casing (after one week) reduced the travel of the assembled casing lengths to a point where they do not meet the drop fit requirement. 12.446 mm. For comparative purposes, the best available collection methods then produced a sleeve-assembled casing length containing 48.8 m of casing with an average packing ratio (10 samples) of 94.6 and an average packing effect of about 0.491. A high density sleeve assembled and compressed cellulosic casing article according to the present invention, designed to have a drop fit of 12,446 mm, was fabricated using the same assembly method. This gave an article in which the inner diameter of the sleeve was about 59% of the diameter of the housing in the inflated state. This article contained 61.0 m casing and had an average packing ratio (10 samples) of 116.46 and an average packing effect of 0.653. These data also illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the sleeve, based on a case-fit comparison, has an inner bore size at least equal to the inner diameter that the same casing would have, if assembled and strongly compressed under the same collection and compression conditions without the sleeve, and to the same packing ratio. More specifically, the flange size of the sleeve for the articles with the average packing ratio was 116.46 12.624 mm. In contrast, the barrel sizes of the casing lengths collected without sleeves with packing ratios of 113.1 and 120.0 were 11.938 mm, respectively. 11,811 mm, substantially less than the comparable sleeve sleeve. A second series of high density sample collected on a sleeve was made, the sleeve in the collected article acting as a temporary filling pipe with a feed-through capacity substantially equivalent to a standard filling pipe with an outer diameter of 12.7 mm (inner diameter). 11,074 mm). This gave an article in which the inner diameter of the sleeve was about 51% of the diameter of the housing in the inflated state.

This product contained 70.2 m of casing, showed an average packing ratio (10 samples) of 133.4 and an average packing effect of 0.617. 35 E. mvéf fl šmuvi fl wä fi ø umm fi cmmmmå fi mw wu fl æwmm: muc fl: wø wø fnæ ... mmuwmcsw ømcw fl ømäñmmom _ .. .mm fl mcwm flflfl u mååu .nw .Hung »um .Human P. . 0 P mmum fi oum | m <_ .H One mc flfi mz ßPoÅU mmmÅv I I I I I I I Pmv ~ O AMXUQ? w umuuw. caxuø fi m fi c | xu ~ m møwcw fi uæ fi emmmom ... Hwocßm föøcæm f fl wøcmw 3.3 SJP xu fl u xu fi w xu fl ø .lmåf åmår åïß. mmtß ... mxum> P ~ m_o_ o>. ~ _ «m_.P ßo_ ~ P ß ~ _ ~, o«. ~ _ @>. ~, mm_ ~ _ «« o. ~ P »øm« »> < E: _ .Em fi ummc fl cmmmm | H- «mucw fi um fi a fl wmom om_ ~« «. ~ M« _ ~ ~ «. ~« «. ~ _«. ~, «. ~ @ M. ~ Mm_ ~ mxum> P w« _ ~ @ «. ~ ~ M. ~ Wm. ~ W« _ ~ ~ «_ ~« «. ~ P«. ~ ° «. ~» Wm ~ »> <Qm. ~ @« _ ~ 0: 0 5.> »Ø wømcw fi uæ fi smwmom 0«. ~ M, @ «_ @ f. m.0m_> .-. m.-P o. ° ~ _ ..m .. _.oF_ ow. @ m m1uw> _ mm_ @ ~ _ @ ~. @ __ «.« mF o._m. «_« ~ F ~ .-. __ «_ ~ ___P_ ° m.« M »wa ~»> <o__Pv, ~> _ @ ~ _ m. @ Mf m.fm_ oo «- o.mmF ~ .m-« .æ.P o ~ ._ ° ~ uxuäuumom .nHmw.xumm.w @ = wH um fi s fl mmnz mm_ ~ m mm. ~ Mo «. ~ M ~ @ ._ m m ~ _ ~ m« «.fm mm. ~ M ~ m., M wm..m mxow> F vm_Qm o, ._ m mo..mo @ .om m «__ m ~ m.om 0 .. ~ m« «._m _ @ ._ m» wm ~ »> 4 @@. @« om_om ~ @ _ ~ <~ @ _m «~> .m« ~ ».m« w ~ _w «@ ~. @« m ~ .w «» xu> »» @ o = Eu .ømqwñ øß fi emmmoz ~ .Qß o._w @ _æ @ ~. @@ __ «@ w_, w m_mm ~ _> m @. @« A .fl mnw fl wu fifi mm æF ___ xmq_- mm_ ~ .x @ «_« _ 1 == ._. = Æ fl u.> C fl x .åä .Bs 812 mëno fi å m <_ ~ _ w «.« F. . @. «F == .. e ~ fl @ .fi wummn fi cmmwummom qm fl m E o» _ ~ _ _ == m «. ~ _ S305 nga> m .Em fi ummc fi c miuo fi mf / c Now uwmmmn fl mw .Anu E: mïm ..> m .Em fl ømmc fi cmmmmn flfl mw mmm 519: Gm: mw-UE 24.3 xmqmoam zm @ Hq> <zmnqnm.

N H fi wnmn. Further testing was performed to determine the quality of the assembled and compressed casing articles of this Example III (both with and without sleeve) as evidenced by the number of needle-fine holes in the assembled casing. Five casing lengths of each sample type were examined for such small holes by filling the casing with water and pressurizing it internally. The results shown in Table 2 show a general tendency for increasing small hole formation when the total casing length of the article without sleeve is increased. In contrast, no needle-fine holes were found on any of the sleeve samples examined.

In summary, Example III shows that it was not possible to produce a typical, non-sleeve assembled and skipped cellulose casing of small size with at least 0.5 packing action without unacceptably large reduction of the inner diameter. On the other hand, this was easily achieved with the article according to the present invention, and in fact the preferred packing effect was exceeded by at least 0.6. Example IV Another advantage of the casing article collected on high density sleeves according to the invention is that it reduces the tendency to damage the casing, i.e. formation of needle-fine holes, compared to the same casing, if it is assembled and compressed under the same conditions but without a sleeve. The reason for this is that the sleeve prevents longitudinal expansion due to surface friction, and less compression is required to maintain a special packing ratio compared to an assembled casing length without a sleeve. Since the formation of such small holes increases with increasing compression, a potential problem of damage to the housing can be reduced or avoided by the article of the present invention. Furthermore, the sleeve allows the acquisition and maintenance of the packing ratio in the fully compressed state and also allows larger packing conditions without any hole formation.

This compression relationship between assembled casing lengths 40 with and without sleeve was illustrated in a series of experiments in which 48.8 m lengths of non-fibrous cellulosic casing of size 25 were assembled and compressed on equivalent way with and without a sleeve to a length of 38.1 cm and an initial packing ratio of 128. After removal, the collected lengths with and without sleeve were allowed to stand over a period of seven days for any dimensional growth without any further obstacles in the longitudinal direction. At this time, the sleeve-provided article had only increased in the longitudinal direction 10.16 mm (packing ratio after the increase in length approx. 125), while the article without sleeve had grown 35.56 mm (packing ratio after the length increase approx. 117). If the purpose had been a final packing ratio of 125, a higher initial compressive force would have been required along with the sleeve-assembled casing length.

The advantage of a lower tendency to damage the casing can be used in another way. If the manufacturer determines a maximum compressive force, which can be used without causing damage to the casing, when this force is used, the casing length accumulated on the sleeve can be formed at a higher packing ratio and a higher packing effect than an article without a sleeve.

Example V A series of experiments, based on the data in the above-mentioned GB patent 1,167,377, assigned to Viskase Ltd., and these were compared with the cellulose casing length of the present invention assembled on a high density sleeve. Based on the information in the above-mentioned British patent was used. a polyvinyl chloride hose with a diameter of 4.097 cm and a wall thickness of 0.254 mm as a sleeve element, and a fibrous reinforced, cellulose-based casing with the size designation 2§ (approx. 6.1 cm diameter in the inflated state) were assembled by means of collecting devices similar to those in US patent 3,461,484 (Arnold) described and subsequently compressed to a length of 30.5 cm. The inner hose diameter of 4.097 cm and the fibrous casing with the size designation § 2 were chosen for this series of experiments, as this was the smallest polyvinyl chloride hose available at the time of the experiment. The sample casing articles were made on an assembly with a cantilever mandrel in a manner previously described in detail above, the assembled casing being transferred after assembly to a sleeve, coaxially arranged. together with the collecting mandrel on a part thereof of reduced diameter, finally compressed as described in Example I and removed. These samples had a moisture content, when collected, of about 20% and mineral oil lubricants were used internally (CB 200 mg / 645 cm 2) and externally (up to about 107 mg / 645 cm 2).

The casing was provided in three different lengths: 22.9, 30.5 and 38.1 m. Based on the compressed product, different packing conditions were obtained. The resulting articles were then measured to determine the sleeve: inner diameter using the "fall-fit" method described above. for the sample with 100, the drop-fit size was 39.116 mm, a sleeve diameter reduction of 1.854 mm For the sample with a packing ratio of 125, the drop-fit size was below 38.10 mm.

However, the sleeve was bent at one end immediately after the article was compressed and removed from the mandrel. This shows that the high density cellulose casing length of the present invention collected on a sleeve can not be obtained by following the information in the above-mentioned British patent. The 22.9 m example would still fit the filling pipe with an outer diameter of 39.522 mm, but the packing effect would only be 0.43. The 30.5 m samples caused such a large shrinkage of the inner diameter that they did not fit on the barrel. The 38.1 m sample completely collapsed.

Example VI G Fibrous cellulosic casing articles which, similar in size to those used for the sample of the type described in the above-mentioned British patent, described in Example V, were prepared according to the present invention and were coated with a sleeve without a sleeve to determine the limits of how far the samples can be compressed before the casing is damaged. Cases with the size designation 2§ (approx. 60.96 mm diameter in inflated condition) and the size designation 4 (approx. 71.12 mm diameter in inflated condition), were assembled by means of assembly devices similar to those in U.S. Pat. 25 35 46 453 250 38 3 461 484 (Arnold) described. The moisture content in the samples with the size designation 2§ resp. 4 were in connection with the fact that they were collected about 20%. Mineral oil was used as a lubricant as follows: Size designation 2) - about 200 mg / 645 cmz (inside) and about 100 mg / 645 cmz (outside) Size designation 4 - about 170 mg / 645 cmz (inside) and about 90 mg / 645 cm2 (outside).

The articles collected on the sleeve were compressed on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sleeves in a manner identical to that used for the samples of Example V. The samples were compressed to a length of 30.5 cm at a packing ratio of 150, which represented the highest packing ratio that can be achieved without any damage to the casing with the size designation 2). All samples were designed to fit on a filling pipe with a diameter of 39,522 mm. The sleeves used had an outer diameter of 43,510 mm and a wall thickness of 1.27 mm. Samples with a sleeve were prevented from expanding in the longitudinal direction by the use of a pin and samples without a sleeve were prevented (only partially) by being placed in a cardboard box.

The results of these experiments are shown in Table 3. On sleeve assembled articles with the size designation 2§ showed a final inner sleeve diameter which was slightly too small to fit the barrel, but still larger than the inner diameter of the articles without sleeve, and this although the sleeved articles had a packing ratio of about 138, while the non-sleeve assembled articles had a packing ratio of only about 114. In practice, a slightly lower packing ratio would have provided a suitable fit on the barrel with this sleeve. The sleeve-assembled articles with the size designation 4 functioned (in terms of packing ratio) after 15 days at a packing ratio of 138.46. Articles without sleeve with the size designation 4 showed a reduction of the inner diameter to a point where they no longer functioned after 15 days with a measured packing ratio of 128.48.

This Example VI also shows for sleeve-shaped, fiber-reinforced casing articles a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which, based on a case-fit comparison, the sleeve has an inner diameter which is at least equal to the inner diameter. ter would have the same fibrous casing, if it were assembled: and strongly compressed under the same compaction and compression conditions without the sleeve, and to the same packing ratio in a compressed state. With the cover with the size designation 2! was e.g. the average inner diameter of the sleeve without sleeve 39,116 mm slightly smaller than the average inner diameter of 39,294 mm with sleeve, even though the final packing ratio of the latter product was significantly higher (138 compared to 114). Similarly, with the size 4 housing, the average inner diameter of the sleeve without sleeve was significantly smaller than the average inner diameter of the sleeve with sleeve, although the final packing ratio of the latter product was higher (138 compared to 128).

Comparison between the test results described above and those of Example V showed that British Patent 1,167,377 neither describes nor proposes the use of a sleeve in a manner which allows the simultaneous achievement of the three advantageous properties of the sleeve-assembled cellulose casing length of the present invention. : high packing ratio, high packing effect and limited deformation-reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve. 40 453 250 mNm.mw ~ ow N_m_m m ~ m_m Human mp ßmm_ ~ Pwdß fi mu ~ «m_m m> mm nmmwø ~ Eu Aw @ um> fl wøwE ømcm fi mm fl ëmmmon mmm .fi m fl ømmc fi cmwmmf fifl mm æw mv ~ ~ m.m. .wmP ummmø mP ~ m \ Qmf m «_wm ~ æ ~ .vPP ww.mm ~ Hmmmø N .w @ ~ w> Hw @@ e. øwcw fi øm fl emmmøp »mm .nwmwxuwm> ~ m fi ß fi m> oum Hmucc mß.mw mß ~ mv mß.mv mß.mv E .ømcm fi mw fifi wm | N @ oS $ mm. <1 ~ bo. $ 3mm. «Eu _.Em« w.> C fl x .Em fl ø.> Uø mm fi æn m fl ëuouunm mm fi æz cmuø mw fl an Ume mmaæc: mus øm fi æn wmë ßpwm fl nmmu .em. pmw fi nmmn .em fl w eu _.wv v .cxuwuwn .cxowu nwxw fl uoum vwë ww fl ßm nwnwxm fl uoum ømš m fifl mm ^ ~ m fl @ mm = fl = HH> ~ .sw fi u se -m_m ~ www. mhnnm HmDmmHm m H am QMB 10 15 20 25 35 40 455 250 gg., 41 Example VII Another series of experiments was carried out using a collecting device of the general type as described: in U.S. Pat. No. 3,461,484 (Arnold), while twisted the assembled casing length as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,397,069. In these experiments, the small diameter cellulose casing articles assembled on a high density sleeve were prepared using various sleeve materials. The sleeve-shaped articles were made on a cantilever mandrel-type assembly machine, as described in detail above, except that during the final compression of the sleeve, the sleeve 31 was allowed to slide freely past the rear fastener 29 (Fig. 3), whereby the casing was effectively compressed simultaneously from both ends. The sleeve materials used in the experiments were polypropylene (reinforced with a 20% talc), polystyrene and high-density polyethylene, all sleeves having an outer diameter of 12.7 mm and a wall thickness of 0.635 mm. The casing used was a cellulosic casing with the size designation 25 (without fibrous reinforcement) and each casing article contained 61 m of casing.

In all samples, the moisture content in the collected state was around 16.5% and mineral oil was used as a lubricant internally (approx. 14 to 20 mg / 645 cmz) and externally (up to approx. 70 mg / 645 cmz).

The experimental results, which are summarized in Table 4, show that the relatively lower friction inefficiency of the high density polyethylene sleeve allowed compression of the assembled casing to a significantly higher packing ratio than that obtained with the other sleeve materials.

It is apparent from the experiments of Examples II and VII that the design of a sleeve for use in connection with the present invention should be based on the properties of the sleeve material, such as e.g. strength, modulus of elasticity and creep strength. These properties will determine the sleeve wall thickness required to withstand directional expansion forces from the housing, which tend to distort and reduce the bore in the sleeve. The coefficient of friction of the sleeve material determines the magnitude of the longitudinal compressive forces which are required to compress the casing to extremely high packing conditions.

It turns out that many factors influence the choice of sleeve material, including coefficient of friction, creep strength, modulus of elasticity, availability in extruded form, cost, formability, weldability and availability in reinforced form. The final choice may be different for different applications. High density polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are suitable for embodiments of the invention with large casings. 453 250 -mo. ~ -Mo._ mw @ of mxuwv F -mQ__ N ~ mo.f æw @ oP »wm ~»> <ao ..Em fl ø nmmc fl cmmømn fifi mu mømcm fi øm fi emmmom m m.om_ «.Q« f ..> m. ~ xuw> F> _ @ mf ° _ ~ «~ m. @ mf» wmm »> <° _«> _ ow «P ~ .m« P _ »xu> H» Qo = mucm fi n fi wsunuxomm mømcwa ømaämwmom Ax fi mu owe uwu fl mcmv mm: cmuæumæ fi om uxumumuzwv owe cwumæ fl om cmmoumæ fi om Hm fi xwumäw fl æm E Fm m fifi mzmmo flfl a fi ou “mm .Junmxw fi uoum ... w fiflfl m Amm fi mmwc fi c flfi m« e. e. see>. ~ f ... mm fi æn m fi euomunm mmqmoam zmaHq> <zmnqom _ w AA w Q m B 10 25 35 453 250 44 Example VIII Another series of experiments was carried out with high-density casing assemblies of similar type as those in Example III described and summarized in Table 2. The only difference is that instead of the final compression from both ends, compression was performed from the cna end in the same manner as applied with the casing lengths reported in Table 2, and the compressed, composite casing lengths were transferred to sleeve.

The results of these experiments with high density sleeve assemblies of non-fibrous cellulosic casing having the size designation 25 are summarized in Table 5 and are to be compared with the data for casing without casing given in Table 2.

The article collected on a high density sleeve, which is designed to have a 1.245 cm drop-fit diameter, showed an average packing ratio (15 samples) of 129.2 and an average packing effect of 0.67. The article collected on a high-density sleeve, which was designed to serve as a filling pipe with an outer diameter of 12.7 mm, showed an average packing ratio (15 samples) of 140.1 and an average packing effect of 0.64.

In summary it can be stated that although Example III shows that it was not possible to produce a typical without sleeve assembled and compressed small cellulose casing with at least 0.5 packing action with compression from only one end without unacceptably high reduction of the barrel, this was easy to achieve with an article according to the present invention, and in fact the preferred packing effect was exceeded by at least 0.6. Equipment was not available for compression of casing lengths without sleeve from both ends. 2 _ 10 15 20 25 35 Compression part diameter, cm Tubular sleeve external diameter. x inv. diam., cm Housing length, m Collected length, cm Hopprcssat Declined 1 week Packing time for collected length Hoppressat Decreased 1'week Utv. length, cm diam. for collected Hcppressed Decreased 1 week Fall fitting diameter. for hp accumulated length, cm Decreased 1 week Packing effect for accumulated length (after 1 week) 45 T a b e 1 1 5 COVER OF SMALL SIZE With sleeve For fa11-pass- For disposal diameter. pipa motsv. 1.245 cm 1.27 cm pipe 1.461 1.422x1.295 61 43.18 47.32 47.19 141.2 128.8 129.2 NA 2.497 2.487 1.265 1.255 0.67 NA means data not available 2 1,300 1,270x1,143 61 38.10 43.43 43.51 160.0 140.3 140.1 NA 2.385 2.507 1.092 1.074 10 15 20 25 35 40 '453 250 46 ExemEe1'Ix Yet another series of experiments was carried out, in which cellulose casing with the size designation 25 ( without fibrb: reinforcement) was used to produce: red high density assembled articles without and with sleeve at different packing conditions, and was examined for drop-fit diameter (Fig. 8) and coherence (Fig. 9). All articles were made of 48.8 m casing and the compressed, assembled articles had different lengths, depending on the packing ratio. The moisture content of the casing in the collected state was about 16.5% by weight and mineral oil was used as an internal lubricant (about 14 to 20 mg / 645 cm2 internal surface) and external lubricant (up to about 70 mg / 645 cm2 external surface) during the assembly.

The assembly device of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,461,484 (Arnold) was used to assemble casing while rotating the assembled casing length in the manner set forth in U.S. Pat. from one end of the mandrel compression member of a cantilever mandrel-type assembly machine, as shown in Fig. 3. After compression, the assembled casing length was directly transferred to a tubular sleeve. The latter was formed of polyvinyl chloride with 1.422 cm ext. diam. x 1.285 cm inv. diam. For a group of experiments, the diameter of the mandrel in the compression part was 1.461 cm.

For the second experimental group, the mandrel diameter in the compression part was 1,511 cm.

The drop-fit diameter and the coherence of high-density assembled articles, both with and without sleeve, were measured together with the packing ratio seven days after removal, and the values obtained are summarized as functions of the packing ratio in Figs. 8 and 9.

Fig. 8 shows that the drop-fit diameter of both unsheathed compressed, assembled casing lengths (1.461 cm (0.575 ") and 1.511 cm (0.595") mandrel compression members) continuously decreases with increasing packing ratio in the packing ratio range 95 - 120. Since the smallest acceptable the barrel size of casing with the size designation 25 (diameter 2.11 cm in the raised state) is 1.245 cm (0.490 ") line), the maximum usable packing ratio is 1.461 cm (0.575"). ) the mandrel approx. 99. It can be noted that by using a larger mandrel ¿_1,511 cm (0.595 ") 7 (horizontal dashed minimum run size can be achieved at a slightly higher packing ratio (approx. 103), but this increases the risk of damage to the casing depending Gradually larger mandrel parts, larger than about 1,461 cm (0.575 ") for the size designation 25, its t6ñ" gradually increases the risk of the casing getting stuck on the mandrels, increases the number of interruptions in production and increases the length of the committee. In other words, it is well known to those skilled in the art of casing assembly that the optimum equipment for trouble-free assembly of a casing of a particular size is one which utilizes the smallest mandrel which will provide the desired barrel size.

In contrast to the limitation described above regarding the packing ratio for casing assembled casing lengths depending on the travel size requirements (about 99), Fig. 8 shows that for casing casing of the size designation 25, the drop-fit diameter was constant with increasing packing ratio up to a packing ratio of about 124, when using the same 1,461 cm (0.575 ") mandrel size. With further increase in packing ratio, the inner bore size of the sleeve begins to decrease inward due to excessive inward force from the total casing length. Consequently, 124 represents a practice in force. upper limit of the packing ratio for this particular embodiment, in which the diameter of the casing in the inflated state is about 2.11 cm, the packing ratio is greater than 100 and the drop-fit diameter is at least 12.446 mm (0.490 ").

Unexpectedly, it has been found that when the packing ratio of casing-assembled cellulosic casing lengths (without fibrous reinforcement) is within the packing ratio range that can be achieved with the casing-assembled casing article of the present invention, the coherence coefficient of shrink-wrapped coils extending countries. This is contrary to what might be expected, since at lower packing ratios used in the commercial application, the coherence of the same without sleeve collected is known to gradually increase with increasing packing ratios.

This unexpected discovery that the coherence decreases with increasing packing ratio for collulose casing lengths collected without a sleeve is illustrated in Fig. 9 for casing with the size designation 25. It can be noted that for a 1.461 cm (0.575 ") mandrel the coherence decreases with an almost constant and high velocity from about 5 (packing ratio 100) to at least as low as 1.5 (packing ratio 125) .The latter packing ratio is only slightly above the commercially acceptable minimum coherence of 1.2 and is substantially below the preferred coherence. However, with the high density sleeve assembly of the present invention assembled on a high density sleeve, there is no coherence restriction as the compressed, assembled housing length is supported by and in functional contact with the outside of the sleeve.

Although not entirely clear, it is assumed, however, that the coherence-packing relationship described above for non-sleeve assembled cellulose casing lengths is related to the degree of casing wall compression. One possible explanation is that in the lower packing ratio range the compression of the folds produces a denser sequence of interlocking individual cones, whereby the contact surface between adjacent cones increases and thus the coherence increases. However, as the compression is further increased to produce even higher packing ratios, the strong compression can tear the result of interlocking individual cones, thereby reducing coherence. This possible explanation is consistent with the experimental observation that as the packing ratio for cellulose casing lengths collected without a sleeve gradually increases, the coherence initially increases to a maximum value and then decreases gradually. The possible explanation 35 is also consistent with the experimental observation that casings of larger sizes have higher coherence values at higher packing ratios than smaller casing sizes (see Fig. 11 discussed below). This may be due to the larger surface areas of adjacent cones in contact with each other in relatively large envelopes. The values for the 48.8 m casing with the size designation 25, which are summarized in Figs. 8 and 9, the claims according to the invention, that the article with sleeve has a packing effect not less than 0.50, and that its packing ratio also supports the general land and the packing effect is greater than the packing ratio resp. packing effect for the same casing length, collected and heavily compressed under the same compaction and compression conditions but without the sleeve. More specifically, the following values were obtained for the properties of the samples after seven days, (a) sleeve-shaped article with the highest packing ratio meeting the minimum requirement of 12,466 mm in terms of drop-fit diameter, (b) the sleeve-assembled article collected and compressed under the same conditions as samples ( a) and (c) without sleeve assembled article with the highest packing ratio that also meets the same minimum requirements regarding the drop-fit diameter: Fall-fit-Pack-Pack-Test. N “diam. forh. effect (a) article with sleeve 1.27 cm 124 0.66 (b) article without sleeve 1.17 cm 116 0.54 (c) article without sleeve 1.27 cm 98 0.44 These values show that the the fitting diameter, packing ratio and packing effect for sample (a) were all higher than for sample (b). In addition, sample (b) was not an acceptable product, as the casing length grew inward over the casing length to such an extent that sample (b) did not meet the minimum drop fit requirement. Knowing this shortcoming in terms of flea size for sample (b), the sleeve-free article (c) was the best casing-length casing length that could provide the same function as the sleeve (a) article. On this basis, sample (a) represented a 26% improvement in packing ratio and a 50% improvement in packing effect.

Example X Another series of experiments, similar to the experiments in Example IX with casing with the size designation 25, was carried out with three different (smaller and larger) sizes of cellulose casing without fibrous reinforcement. They consisted of size 17 (1.55 cm diameter, 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 453 250 50 meters in inflated condition and a wall thickness of 0.0254 mm), size 21 (1.854 cm diameter in inflated condition and a wall thickness of 0.254 mm) and size 27 (2.261 cm diameter in inflated condition and a wall thickness of 0 0254 mm). A difference from the experiments of Example IX is that instead of using the same length of casing and preparing different assembled casing lengths depending on the packing ratio, in these trials the casing length is varied and the assembled lengths are compressed to achieve approximately the same final assembled casing length. for each casing size (seven days after removal). For casings with the size designation 17, the finished assembled casing length was about 40.6 cm, while with casings with the size designations 21 and 27, finished assembled casing lengths of about 52.1 cm were obtained.

Another difference between these experiments and those of Example IX is that no casing articles according to the invention were made from the casings of the size designations 17, 21 or 27. In another similar experiment, however, a cellulose casing collected on a high density casing was produced. articles of the housing with the size designation 21, and it had the following properties: packing ratio 119.8, packing action 0.66 and an inner diameter of the sleeve of 1.072 cm. This casing material collected on the sleeve was thus suitable for use on the intended filling pipe with an outer diameter of 1,031 cm. As can be seen from the curves of the casing lengths of casing of the size designation 21 in Figs. 10 and 11 (discussed in more detail below), these extremely good properties cannot even be achieved with approximately the prior art casing assembled casing.

With the exception of the differences reported above, the high-density casing lengths of size 17, 21 and 27 were collected in the same manner as the high-density casing assembled in the high-density sleeve. 25 After removal and seven days of storage without any obstruction. in the longitudinal direction, the obtained casing lengths were subjected to measurements in terms of drop-fit diameter and coherence. The values obtained are summarized in the curves in Fig. 10 (fall-fit) and fig. 11 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 453 250 (coherence) as a function of the packing ratio. 10 shows that in the same way the casing with the size designation 25 (fig. The fall-fit diameters for all three sizes successively with increasing packing ratio with substantially constant velocity- A close-up study of Fig. 8) sinks. For the housing with the size designation 17, the smallest acceptable drop-fit diameter is 0.914 cm (0.360 ") (see dashed horizontal line), so that from a drop-fit diameter point of view, the maximum packing ratio that can be achieved with the previously known, sleeve-free casing length is ca 80.

Similarly, with the casing of the size designation 21, the smallest acceptable drop-fit diameter is 1.041 cm (0.410 "), so the maximum packing ratio that can be achieved with the previously known, without sleeve assembled casing length is about 98. For the casing of the size designation 27, finally The minimum acceptable fit fit diameter is 1,346 cm (0.530 "), so the maximum packing ratio that can be achieved with previously described, without sleeve assembled casing lengths is about 130. Referring to the curves in Fig. 11 with the coherence relative to the packing ratio, It is noted that all show the previously discussed, unexpected relationship with decreasing coherence with increasing packing ratio in the upper range of packing ratios for each casing size. For size 17, the coherence over the entire examined area with packing ratios 60 - 125 is low, whereby the minimum acceptable value of 1.2 can be noted (dashed horizontal line). For casings assembled without a sleeve with the size designation 17, the maximum achievable packing ratio from a coherence point of view is also about 80. For size 21, the coherence is also low over the entire examined range of packing ratios 70 - 120 and based on the minimum acceptable coherence value of 1, 2, the maximum achievable packing ratio from a coherence point of view is about 102.

For casing assembled casing of the size designation 27, the entire area shown above is illustrated for the connection coherence to increasing packing ratio. That is, for packing ratios of up to about 12%, coherence increases with increasing packing ratio. But over packfö fi ßlkr flfi ï of about 122, coherence decreases at an approximately constant and fairly high speed.

It can be seen from Figures 10 and 11 that the requirements for drop-fit diameter and coherence give rise to significant limitations regarding the use of high packing ratios with previously described, sleeve-free casing lengths made from cellulosic casings of the size designations 17. , 21 and 27. the invention provide substantially higher packing conditions with acceptable sleeve size and higher coherence and with less tendency to damage the housing in the form of needle-like holes.

More specifically, a casing-assembled casing having in each of the cases the article of size 17 in accordance with the invention having a casing diameter in the inflated state of about 1.549 cm and a drop-fit diameter of at least 0.914 cm (0.360 ratio exceeding 80. In addition, a sleeve-assembled casing article having the size designation 21 in accordance with the invention having a casing diameter in the inflated state of about 1.854 cm and a drop-fit diameter of at least 1.041 cm (0.410 ") preferably has a packing ratio exceeding 9898.

Finally, a casing assembled on a sleeve having the size designation 27 in accordance with the invention having a casing diameter in the inflated state of about 2.260 cm and a drop-fit diameter of at least 1.346 cm (0.530 ") preferably has a packing ratio exceeding 130.

Example XI The advantages in terms of packing ratio and packing action of the embodiments according to the invention with the medium-reinforced fiber-reinforced casing article were demonstrated in yet another series of experiments including samples both with and without sleeve. Cases with size designations 43, 47 and 60 with flattened widths in the size range from about 5.84 cm (2.30 ") to_8.38 cm (3.30") were used to produce assembled and compressed casing length articles with and without sleeve to fit on a filling pipe with an outer diameter of 2.725: 0.013 cm. The casings with the size designations 70, 80 and 100 with flattened widths in the size range from about 9.525 cm (3.75 ") to 13.97 cm (5.50") were used to produce assembled and compressed casings. longitudinal products with and without sleeve to fit a filling pipe with an outer diameter of 3.952 1 0.013 cm. The wall thickness of the hawk fat was about 0.0079 cm for all samples. The moisture content of the casing was in the condition in which it was collected, about 20%, and mineral oil was used as an internal lubricant (approx. 44 mg / 645 cm2 internal surface) and external lubricant (up to approx. 30 mg / 645 cm2 external surface). The following diameters in the inflated state were obtained for these fiber-reinforced casings: 'Size designation' Diameter in the inflated state 43 3,759 cm (1,480 ") 47 4,034 cm (1,588") 60 5,240 cm (2,063 ") 70 6,063 cm (2,387") 80 7,041 about (2,772 ") 100 8.852 cm (3.485") In these experiments, different casing lengths were compressed to obtain substantially the same compressed casing length at all packing conditions for a particular casing size. The following compressed casing lengths were used: size 43, 26.7 cm; size 47, 25.4 cm; size 60, 22.9 cm; size 70, 30.48 cm; size 80, 30.48 cm and size 100, 30.48 cm.

All hëljesalster samples were prepared at a collection site. machine of the type with cantilever mandrel as previously described. The collection devices were of the type currently used industrially and similar to that described by Arnold in U.S. Patent 3,461,484. Several samples were prepared in each state. The samples without sleeve were collected and compressed from one end of the mandrel to the maximum packing ratio, which allowed no damage to the casing, and to lower packing ratios. The maximum "without damage" packing ratio was determined by testing the presence of holes by filling the article with water and raising the internal pressure. When damage was detected, additional samples were drilled at a slightly lower packing ratio 10 15 20 25 40 453 250 54 conditions and these samples were water-tested for hole formation in the same manner, these steps were repeated until a packing ratio was reached without any damage to the casing, and this value represented the maximum packing ratio.After compression on the mandrel, the samples were transferred without a sleeve. with the size designations 43, 47 and 60 from the collection machine to a small diameter plastic tube (2.79 cm) for handling purposes and was removed after about 1 hour from the tubes and inserted into meshes.The latter was provided with clamps at both ends and the one at the ends clamped network enclosure represents common industrial application to facilitate handling. n some retention effect in the longitudinal direction.

The sleeve-free samples of size 70, 80 and 100 were transferred from the collection machine directly into a polyvinyl chloride film casing, which gave rise to a very limited end barrier. This also represents customary industrial use for handling purposes.

The sleeves were made of rigid polyvinyl chloride. For casings with size designations 43, 47 and 60, the outer diameter of the sleeve was 3.124 cm and the wall thickness 0.127 cm. For the casings with the size designations 70, 80 and 100, the outer diameter of the sleeve was 4.351 cm and the wall thickness was also 0.127 cm.

After assembly, the samples to be provided with sleeves were moved longitudinally from the mandrel to sleeves which were arranged coaxially to the assembly mandrel around a portion of the reduced diameter mandrel in the manner previously described and illustrated in Fig. 3. The assembled the casing length was then compressed to the desired packing ratio on the sleeve by compression from one end, and was taken off. The sleeve-equipped samples were compressed to the packing ratio equivalent to those of the sleeve-free samples.

After removal, the casing assembly assembled on the sleeve was provided with devices corresponding to sleeve-mounted mounting plates 6) at opposite ends of the collector 35 and collar 39 (see Fig. The overall casing length to keep the removed length below 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 453 250 55 the following seven-day storage period_ This type of end barrier in the longitudinal direction should not be applied together with casing lengths without a sleeve, as they would either bend or grow inwards to such an extent that they do not fit the intended filling pipe. the casing lengths without sleeve used the network and plastic film casing thus did not to any great extent prevent spread in the longitudinal direction.

The collected casing lengths were measured before sampling both with and without a sleeve and were measured again after the seven-day storage period. The results of these measurements are repeated for fiber-reinforced casings with the size designations 43, 47 and 60 and in Fig. The size designations 70, 80 and 100, the packing conditions being plotted as a function of the flattened width of the casing. is given in Fig. 13 for fibrous casings with In both Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, the lowest curve represents the casing-assembled and compressed casing length after seven days of storage. The middle curve shows the sleeve length gathered and compressed with the sleeve even after seven days of storage, and the top curve (dashed line) illustrates it on the sleeve gathered and compressed article immediately after compression. The latter curve is included when it illustrates an achievable condition in connection with the present invention, which cannot be achieved with the previously described, but sleeve-assembled casing length. That is, by "capturing" the opposite ends of the sleeve-assembled article after compression but before removal, for example with longitudinal end retaining elements, the original (and highest) packing ratio can be maintained without any reduction in other essential casing length properties.

For example, there is a minimal reduction in the flea size, as the compressed casing length is prevented from radially inward propagation by the action of the sleeve. However, if longitudinal end retaining elements were used with a casing length collected without a sleeve immediately after removal, the original maximum packing ratio would be maintained but it would occur further inward - after flea spread beyond that occurring without longitudinal end 455 250 56. Since the manufacturer uses the smallest possible collection mandrel for optimal results (for reasons previously investigated), the additional radially inward extension would in all probability result in a flea size which is too small to fit the intended filling pipe.

More specifically, Fig. 12 shows that based on a comparison of the packing ratio values after seven days of storage 10 for fiber-reinforced casing articles with and without casing with the size designation 43 - 60 (the two lower curves), the smallest improvement with the casing is with the size designation 43 and here the difference is about 78 minus 60, or a packing ratio improvement of about 30%, when using the sleeve-provided article. The greatest improvement is obtained with the casing of the size designation 60, and here the difference is 129 minus 79, or about a 63% improvement in packing ratio during the use of the casing product. The possible maximum improvement, based on a comparison of the packing ratio after seven days for the sleeve-free article (the lowest curve) with the original highest packing ratio (top, dashed curve), is significantly greater. With the housing with the size designation 43, e.g. difference = the 97 minus 60, or about a 62% higher packing ratio, 25 and with the casing with the size designation 60, the difference is 146 minus 79, or about 85%.

A comparison of packing action and packing conditions for with and without sleeve assembled, fiber-reinforced casing articles having sizes 43, 47 and 60 of the type described in this example XI, gives the following values: Packing effect (and packing ratio) Sleeve size Without sleeve With sleeve With sleeve as denotes. (7 days) (7 days) (initial value) 43 0.54 (60) '4 (78) 0.78 (82) 47 0.53 (66) 0.76 (95) 0.81 (102) 60 0 , 45 (79) 0.75 (130) 0.85 (147) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 .453 250 57 Pig. 13 shows that based on a comparison of the packing ratio values after seven days of storage for the fiber-reinforced casing article with the size designation 70 - 100, assembled with and without sleeve, the packing ratio improvement is smaller than with the casing with the size designation 43-60, but still essential. The smallest improvement is the casing with the size designation 80, and here the difference is 166 minus 154, the improvement, calculated on comparison of the packing ratio after with it or about 8%. The maximum possible for seven days and without a sleeve with the original highest packing ratio for the housing with the size designation 80 is 180 minus 154, or about 17%. ~ v1 GV A comparison of the packing action and packing ratio of the fiber-reinforced casing assembled with and without sleeves with the size designations 70, 80 and 100 of the type described in this example XI gives the following values: Packing effect (and packing ratio) In the size of the casing Without sleeve With sleeve With sleeve denotes. (7 days) (7 days) (initial value) 70 0.66 (129) 0.77 - (141) 0.82 (150) 80 0.63 (154), 0.71 '(166) 0.77 ( 180) 100 0.50 (167) 0.59 (187) 0.70 (220) Although coherence is also important in the case of fiber-reinforced cellulosic casings, it does not present the same serious problems as in the case of unreinforced cellulosic casings with ten diameter. This is partly due to the fact that the former are inherently stronger depending on the fiber reinforcement, but also on the differences in the filling equipment used for each sample. The small diameter cellulose casings are normally filled using high speed, fully automated machines, in which the next casing length, “to be used, is automatically fed into the filling position, when the previous casing length is fed out. Poor coherence can cause interrupted casing lengths, which in turn can cause breakage or tearing of the casing when mounted or rotated on the automated filling pipe. When this occurs, a significant amount of food emulsion is discharged to surrounding spaces before the apparatus can be stopped, and considerable "waste time" is required to clean and remove the torn casing length.

With larger diameter fibrous casings, on the other hand, the machine speed is usually lower and the next casing length is placed in position manually for use by the operator. If the casing wears apart (which is less likely due to the fiber reinforcement), the equipment can be stopped before any significant amount of food emulsion has escaped into the surrounding spaces and the "spill time" is shorter.

Example XII Prior to the present inventive work, we developed and marketed a machine, Shirmatic Model 405 Sizer, for filling boneless whole hams in fiber-reinforced cellulose casings with a large diameter and of the type previously described. It was designed to use assembled casing with an adjustment plate inserted into a retracted end of the casing assembled casing length. Already at the beginning of the construction of the machine, the need for a maximum flea size of the filling pipe is realized, as well as the limitation of the pipe size that the maximum achievable inner diameter in the total casing length gives rise to. To obtain the maximum barrel size, the wall thickness of the barrel was reduced to the minimum acceptable from a strength point of view, the casing length was reduced necessarily and inappropriately from 61.0 m to 45.8 m and the collection conditions were optimized to obtain the largest possible barrel size.

The wall thickness of the collet and the clearance over the filling pipe were also reduced, which was necessary and at the same time undesirable, to the smallest acceptable dimensions.

The result of these efforts was the use of the best collection technique available at the time, and the use of a filler pipe with an inside diameter of 8.57 cm. The original Shirmatic Model 405 Sizer is in the form it was marketed described in detail in Belgian Patent Specification 888 526. A significant number of these machines were installed in meat packing plants, but for most they were unsatisfactory. . The applications showed they were noted that the extremely strong elongation of the ham pieces, as they passed through the barrel and subsequent "processing", when filled into the casing, caused superficial fat to migrate into the interior of the enclosed ham grains. and cause a deterioration of the muscle fiber structure. The system was not considered equivalent to manual filling of the meat packaging staff and attempts to market the Shirmatic Model 405 Sizer machines were temporarily suspended.

Experiments were then carried out in our food laboratory using larger filling pipes and casings without a sleeve.

These experiments undoubtedly showed that a larger pipe size would solve the problems associated with the Shirmatic Model 405 Sizer machine and that hams made with a larger filling pipe were as good as hams made by manual filling.

At this time, we had begun to develop the casing length collected on a sleeve with high density according to the present invention. The development work showed that the use of the casing length according to the invention, assembled on a high-density sleeve as a filling pipe, resulted in an increase in the pipe diameter of the pipe to 9.52 cm. Part of this increase in barrel size was due to the elimination of the collet in the Shirmatic machine. The collet was replaced with a rotatable retaining device of a type described in co-pending U.S. Patent Application 261,313.

As a result of these modifications to the Shirmatic machine, the barrel size of a fibrous casing having the size designation 10 increased from an inner diameter of 8.57 cm to an inner diameter of 9.52 cm. This is a diameter gain of 0. 95 cm or 11.1%, this diameter increase in turn gives rise to an effective increase in the cross-sectional area for the inside of the filling horn of 23.5%, of which 23.5% increase in the cross-sectional area of the barrel, 7.5 % is attributed to the elimination of the previously described collet and 16.0% can be attributed to the use of the high density sleeve assembled product according to the present invention.10 15 20 30 35 40 453 250 60 By modifying the filling pipe and using it In addition, it was possible to increase the packing ratio of the fibrous casing with the size designation 10 from about 78 to about 130, which is a 57% increase. In addition, the backing effect was increased from 0.39 to 0.76, and the length of the casing increased f robbery 45.8 m to 76.3 m. This modification of the filling system is now marketed under the name Shirmatic Model 405H System. Example I of this specification is a specific illustration of a sleeve-assembled fibrous fibrous article used in the Model 405H System machine.

This example also illustrates the preferred embodiment of the article with sleeve, in which, based on a flea size comparison, the sleeve has a flea size at least as large as the inner diameter that the casing would have if it were assembled and heavily compressed during the same assembly. and the compression conditions without the sleeve, and to the same packing ratio. More specifically, the modified machine (Shirmatic Model 4C5H), based on the fibrous casing of the size designation 10, together with the article collected on the sleeve uses a sleeve with an inner diameter of 9.52 cm, while the inner diameter of the one without a sleeve the assembled casing length was about 8.26 cm, when assembled and compressed to a packing ratio of 78. The sleeve utilized in conjunction with this special casing size is formed of high density polyethylene and has a wall thickness of 0.157 cm; Following the completion of this modification program, the Shirmatic Model 405H System was transported, the machines returned to the packaged meat manufacturers, who were dissatisfied with the original Shirmatic machine, and they have now accepted the "Model 405H System" machines as a major improvement in packaging. of hams. Ten months after the introduction of the new Shirmatic model, there were twenty machines in industrial use and several such machines have been installed in meat packaging plants on a regular basis. The original Shirmatic Model 405 Sizer has now been withdrawn from the market for the reasons set forth above, and the excellent model 40SH System can clearly be largely attributed to the success of the Shirmatic 10 15 20 25 453 250 51. finding.

The invention thus brings about, as described above, a significant technical advance. More assembled casing in a given casing length allows longer manufacturing periods without interruption.

Higher packing effect results in a more favorable combination of high packing ratio and large flea size, which can maintain or improve the filling properties while achieving the longer manufacturing periods without interruption. The invention completely eliminates coherence and casing length growth problems which have hitherto caused problems for manufacturers and users of small casings. The fact that the article according to the invention is moistened (without soaking) is particularly advantageous, since the characteristically high packing conditions cannot be achieved. the casings, in which the sheet laying is carried out by the casing user before the filling. The reason for this is that the tight folds prevent the water from penetrating into the wall of the casing and suitable soaking is therefore not achieved within a commercially acceptable period of time.

It can be expected that in order to compare the periphery of the inner race for with and without sleeve assembled and compressed casing, the comparison should be made at least about one week after manufacture.

Other embodiments of the invention than those described above, but within the spirit and scope of the invention, may be readily conceived by those skilled in the art in view of the tasks in this description.

The foregoing description of the invention is therefore intended to serve as an illustrative purpose only and not to limit in any way the scope of the invention, as the invention is appropriately defined and limited by means of the appended claims.

Claims (28)

10 15 20 25 30 62 Patent claims 1. l. Pleated, tubular casing. characterized in that it comprises a combination of a tubular sleeve (31) and a moistened, cellulose-based food casing length (17) with a moisture content of at least 13 8 of the total weight of the casing. which are folded and strongly compressed on the sleeve to a packing ratio of at least 100 and to a packing effect of 0.50 or more and also individually greater than the packing ratio and packing effect of true casing length, which are folded and strongly compressed under true folding and compressing conditions without the sleeve. thereby generating strong unidirectional expansion force fl from the housing. wherein the sleeve is sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of the strong directional expansion force from the housing. A casing article according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio between the inner diameter formed by the sleeve wall and the thickness of said wall is in the range from 10: 1 to 60: 1. Housing article according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve wall is drawn by the action of the directed forces with time to an inner diameter which is 1.9 8 to at most 6.7 8 lower than the inner diameter formed by the wall. . A casing according to claim 1, characterized in that the casing wall further forms a substantially unperforated, straight, cylindrical conduit for feeding the food under pressure directly into and through the casing (3) to a said front part of the casing length. 10 '15 20 25 30 35 453 * 250 63 A casing article according to claim 2, characterized in that the casing (17) has a dianeter in an inflated state of from 3.8 a to 9.9 a and that the thickness of the pipe wall is within the range from 0.10 a to 0.15 a. A casing according to claim 2, characterized in that the casing (17) has a dianeter in an inflated state of from 10.2 one to 15.2 one and that the thickness of the sleeve wall is within the range from 0.13 one to 0.19 one. Housing article according to claim 2, characterized in that the housing (17) has a dianeter in an inflated state of from 3.8 one to 8.9 one, that the thickness of the sleeve wall is 0.127 one and that the ratio between the inner diameter of the inner wall formed by the tube wall is inon onrådet from 22: l to 33: l. The casing article according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the casing (17) is a fibrous casing. A casing article according to claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve wall further forms a substantially unperforated. straight, cylindrical conduit for wetting the food end under pressure directly into and through the tube to a farther part of the casing length. retracted and freed from the folds over the front end of the sleeve (31). and wherein a nännd from the part of the casing length¿ son extends to an end part thereof. is closed over the front end of the sleeve to notch through the sleeve pressed food. and wherein the first folds are blocked baked from the fringe of the sleeve, so that an annular air gap of considerable length is provided by the cone in front of the folds of the sleeve between the retracted housing part and the sleeve wall. A casing according to any one or more of claims 1 - 4 or 9, characterized in that the casing (17) has a wall thickness of 0.025 nn and an inflated diameter in the inflated state in the range of from 1.55 a to 2.26 a. and that the thickness of the pipe wall is within the range from 0.05 one to 0.127 one and iii. year iWl, Tt 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 250 64 that the ratio between the inner diaphragm formed by the sleeve wall and the thickness of the sleeve wall is less than about 26: 1. 11. ll. The casing article according to claim 10, characterized in that the inner diameter of the sleeve wall in the former is kept with time under the influence of the inward forces is from 50 2 to S 9 8 of the dianets of the casing (17) in the inflated state. Cover article according to one of Claims 1 to 4 or 9, characterized in that the cover (17) has a wall thickness of 0.025 nu and a diameter in the inflated state of 2.11 cm. wherein the casing length constitutes at least about 48.8 n of said casing and the folds thereof contain the casing at a packing ratio of at least about 166, wherein the thickness of the casing wall is within the range from 0.064 cn to 0.127 cm and the inner diameter formed by the casing wall is nin 1 , 27 and has a ratio to the thickness of the sleeve wall of from 10: 1 to 26: 1. A casing article according to claim 4 or 9, characterized in that the casing (17) has a wall thickness of 0.025 nu and a diameter in the inflated state of 2.11 cn, the casing length not comprising: inst approx. 48.8 I of the housing and the folds thereof contains the housing at a packing ratio exceeding 124, and wherein the thickness of the sleeve wall is from 0.064 cl to 0.127 and the inner diameter formed by the sleeve wall is: inst about 1.12 cl and is in a relation to the thickness of the tube wall of from 10: 1 to 26: l. and wherein the inner diameter of the sleeve wall, as it is held down for the time under the influence of the inward forces. is at most about 6.7 S: inner than the formed inner diameter. Housing casing according to one of Claims 1 to 4 or 9, characterized in that the sleeve wall is provided with a; 1ngf0 ;; 1g. Elevation thereon inside a retracted outer part of the casing length at a point at a distance rearward from the far end of the pipe. 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 250 A method of manufacturing a casing pleated and strongly compressed casing according to claim 1, characterized in that (a) starting from a cellulose-based food casing length (17) down a moisture content of at least 13 8 of the total weight of the casing, (b) pushes the inner hole periphery of the cellulose-based casing length over a first end of a mandrel (13), and then alternatively (cl) folds and compresses the cellulosic-based casing length of the mandrel, (d1) into a hollow sleeve (31). which sleeve is sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner dianets of the sleeve by the action of inward expansion force from the housing due to the compression of the housing (17) and (el) linearly moves the pleated and compressed housing length from the other end of the mandrel to the outside of the sleeve to achieve a high packing ratio and a high packing effect, whereby the inward expansion force from the casing is generated in connection with the inner diameter of the pleated casing length being contracted, or (cz) folding the cellulose-based casing length (17) on the mandrel (13). having a reduced diameter end portion at the other end of the mandrel. (d2) in front of a hollow sleeve (31), arranged coaxially with and lying adjacent the end portion of the mandrel of reduced diameter, the sleeve being sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of inward expansion force from the housing depending on compression of the casing. wherein the sleeve is optionally supported by a second mandrel, 66 (ez) linearly moves the pleated casing length along the mandrel over the outside of the coaxially arranged sleeve and (fz) compresses the pleated casing length of the sleeve to a high packing ratio and to a high packing effect, whereby the directional expansion force from the casing is generated. 16. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the packing effect is 0.50 or more. 17. A method according to claim 15. characterized in that the packing ratio is at least 70. 18. A method according to claim 15. characterized in that the packing ratio is at least 70 and that the packing effect is 0.60 or more. 19. A method according to claim 18, characterized in that the packing ratio is ninst 100, that the food shell (17) consists of cellulose shell without fiber reinforcement and down small diameter true that the inner dianets of the sleeve (31) are: inst 50% of the dianets of the casing in inflated condition. 20. A method according to claim 19, characterized in that the packing ratio is at least 120, that the food casing (17) consists of cellulose casing without fiber reinforcement and down small diameter salt that the inner dianets of the sleeve (31) are at least 40 d 'of the casing dianets in inflated state. 21. A method according to claim 15. characterized in that the sleeve (3l) is arranged coaxially down and lying next to the other end of the mandrel (13). A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the sleeve is supported by a second mandrel and that the assembled housing (17) is transferred to the sleeve (31) and the second mandrel. 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 250 67 23. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that the mandrel is supported. the pleated, cellulose-based food casing length in the second alternative approach is moved to a second position. before moving the pleated casing length from the other end of the mandrel to the sleeve. 24. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that (a) starting from a cellulose-based food casing length (17) down a moisture content of at least 13 2 of the total weight of the casing, (b) supplying a hollow sleeve (31), which is sufficiently rigid to resist deformation and reduction of the inner dianets of the sleeve by the action of inward expansion force from the sleeve due to the compression, (c) provides a mandrel (13) and in the longitudinal direction the inner periphery of the sleeve (31) projects over the mandrel (13) ) outer periphery. (d) in the longitudinal direction, the inner periphery of the cellulose-based food casing length projects over the outer periphery of the sleeve. (e) folds the cellulosic-based casing length of the sleeve (31) and mandrel (13), (f) compresses the pleated one. cellulose-based casing length on the sleeve (31) to a high packing ratio and to a high packing action, thereby generating the inward expansion force from the sleeve, and (g) allowing the casing folded and strongly compressed casing to slide longitudinally from the mandrel 13. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that nan 10 15 20 25 30 35 453 250 se (a) starts from a cellulose-based food casing length (17) down a moisture content of ninst 13 X of the total weight of the casing, (b) pushes the interior the half-periphery of the cellulose-based food casing length over a first end of a mandrel (13). (c) folds the cellulose-based casing length of the mandrel (13), (d) compresses the pleated casing length of the mandrel (13) to a high packing ratio and to a high packing effect. (e) provides a hollow sleeve (31), sol is rigid enough to resist deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve by the action of inward expansion force from the housing depending on the compression of the housing and (f) allows it to be compressed. the folded casing length slides from the first end of the mandrel in the longitudinal direction and over the outer periterium of the sleeve to achieve a high packing ratio and a high packing effect. whereby the inward expansion force from the casing is generated in the same way as the inner dianets of the pleated casing length are drawn. 26. A method according to claim 15, characterized in that one (a) starts from a cellulose-based food length (17) with a moisture content of lens 13 2 of the total weight of the casing. (b) projecting the inner half-periphery of the cellulose-based food casing length over a first end of a mandrel (13). (c) folds the cellulose-based food casing length on the mandrel (13). (d) providing a hollow sleeve (31). son is rigid enough to withstand deformation and reduction of the inner diameter of the sleeve 10 15 20 453 zsb 69 diameter by the action of directed expansion force from the housing depending on the compression of the housing, the sleeve possibly being supported by a second mandrel. / W (e) moves the mandrel supported. folded. cellulose-based food casing length to a second position, (f) moves the pleated casing length from the first end of the mandrel to the outside of the sleeve and (g) further compresses the pleated casing length of the sleeve to a high packing ratio and to a high packing action, thereby the directional expansion force from the housing is generated. k ä n n e t e c k n a t of that The method of claim 26, wherein (31) is supported by a second mandrel and the partially compressed housing is transferred to the sleeve and the second mandrel. k ä n n e t e c k n a t of that A method according to claim 26, the san (31) being arranged coaxially down and lying next to the other end of the mandrel.