SE429980B - ELECTROPLETING BATHROOM FOR CHROME PROPOSITION - Google Patents
ELECTROPLETING BATHROOM FOR CHROME PROPOSITIONInfo
- Publication number
- SE429980B SE429980B SE7903037A SE7903037A SE429980B SE 429980 B SE429980 B SE 429980B SE 7903037 A SE7903037 A SE 7903037A SE 7903037 A SE7903037 A SE 7903037A SE 429980 B SE429980 B SE 429980B
- Authority
- SE
- Sweden
- Prior art keywords
- anolyte
- bath
- anode
- catholyte
- chromium
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002999 depolarising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 sulphate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Inorganic materials [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- BDJXVNRFAQSMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinhydrone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 BDJXVNRFAQSMAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940052881 quinhydrone Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H chromium(III) sulfate Chemical compound [Cr+3].[Cr+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRWVQDDAKZFPFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001448 ferrous ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000028161 membrane depolarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000356 chromium(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011696 chromium(III) sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015217 chromium(III) sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000416 exudates and transudate Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferricyanide Chemical compound [Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] YAGKRVSRTSUGEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037427 ion transport Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000276 potassium ferrocyanide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium dithionite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])=O JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NZMOFYDMGFQZLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N terazosin hydrochloride dihydrate Chemical compound [H+].O.O.[Cl-].N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1CCCO1 NZMOFYDMGFQZLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
- C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
f f arenan 317-15 2 Ett föredraget katjonutbytesmembran är ett skikt av en perfluo- riderad polymer som är tunt, har försumbar elektrisk resistans och är mekaniskt och kemiskt robust. För trivalentkrom-elektrolpläter- ingsbad kan depolarisationsmedlet innehålla ferrocyanidanjoner, hydrazin eller kinhydron. Depolarisationsmedlet åstadkommer en avsevärd reducering av pläteringssspänningen. Denna spänning kan ytterligare reduceras genom användning av högledande anjoner i katolyten, vilka utan användning av ett membran kunde ha fram- . kallat en motsatt anodreaktion. Ett exempel härpâ är kloridanjoner. å_kloridanjoner är önskvärda, eftersom de har hög specifik konduk- tivitet och erhålls från billigt NaCl-salt. Användningen därav i trivalentkrom-bad är icke önskvärd, eftersom klorin kan utvecklas vid anoden. l Vid elektropläteringsbaden enligt föreliggande uppfinning kan därför skadliga anodreaktioner undvikas, och pläteringsspänningen kan reduceras genom användningen av dels ett perfluoriderat kat- ' jonutbytesmembran, dels en lämplig anolyt. På detta sätt är det 'möjligt att separat optimera både anolyten och katolyten. Dess- utom hestämmes materialet i anoden'ej av pläteringslösningen utan kan optimeras med tanke på kostnaden och.på dess elektrokemiska ~reaktion med anolyten- Enligt föreliggande uppfinning âstadkommes vidare ett anodarrange- "mang för ett elektropläteringsbad, som innefattar en avdelning där minst en yta bildas av ett perfluoriderat katjonutbytesmembran, vilken avdelning inrymmer en anod och en anolyt. I anolyten finns 7 företrädesvis ett depolarisationsmedel, som kan reducera anodens elektrodpotential när badet är i bruk.å ' Anodarrangemanget är sådant, att det har väsentligen samma form _ och storlek som en konventionell anod samt kan nedsänkas och hål- las i katolyten utan att anodstöden ändras. f f arena 317-15 2 A preferred cation exchange membrane is a layer of a perfluorocarbon. ridden polymer that is thin, has negligible electrical resistance and is mechanically and chemically robust. For trivalent chrome electrolytic plates bath, the depolarizing agent may contain ferrocyanide anions, hydrazine or quinhydrone. The depolarizing agent provides one significant reduction of the plating voltage. This voltage can further reduced by the use of high conductivity anions in the catholyte, which without the use of a membrane could have produced. called an opposite anode reaction. An example of this is chloride anions. Chloride anions are desirable because they have high specific conductivity. activity and obtained from inexpensive NaCl salt. Its use in trivalent chromium bath is undesirable because chlorine can develop at the anode. l In the electroplating baths of the present invention, therefore harmful anode reactions are avoided, and the plating voltage can be reduced by the use of a perfluorinated catheter ion exchange membrane, and a suitable anolyte. This is how it is possible to separately optimize both the anolyte and the catholyte. Its- except that the material in the anode is not tamed by the plating solution but can be optimized in view of the cost and.on its electrochemical reaction with anolyte- According to the present invention there is further provided an anode arrangement "mang for an electroplating bath, which includes a compartment therein at least one surface is formed by a perfluorinated cation exchange membrane, which compartment houses an anode and an anolyte. The anolyte is present 7 preferably a depolarizing agent which can reduce the anode electrode potential when the bath is in use. The anode arrangement is such that it has substantially the same shape. and size as a conventional anode and can be immersed and held read in the catholyte without changing the anode supports.
Ett anodarrangemang enligt uppfinningen innefattar ett fack eller utrvmme bestående av ett perflouriderat katjonutbytesmembran an- ordnat på en lådliknande ram. Inuti facket är en anod arrangerad. 7 Alternativt kan membranet ha rörform. En anolyt är anordnad i det fack eller rör, som omger anoden, och består företrädesvis av ett gel, t.ex. ett med depolarisationsmedel mättat gel. Gelet kan vidare innehålla en kolloidal dispersion av metall eller kol i och för ökning av anolytens konduktivitet. Anodarrange- _» manget enligt föreliggande uppfinning ger en tålig, enkel och 79030 3 7- 5 funktionsduglig anod, som hindrar motsatta reaktioner och gör det möjligt att optimera katolyten för plätering. Vidare kan anolytens aciditet styras så, att pH-värdet hos kato- lyten blir stabiliserat, när badet är i bruk.An anode arrangement according to the invention comprises a compartment or exudate consisting of a perfluorinated cation exchange membrane arranged on a box-like frame. Inside the compartment, an anode is arranged. 7 Alternatively, the membrane may be tubular. An anolyte is arranged in the compartment or tube surrounding the anode, and preferably consists of a gel, e.g. a gel saturated with depolarizing agent. Gelet may further contain a colloidal dispersion of metal or carbon in order to increase the conductivity of the anolyte. Anodarrange- The composition of the present invention provides a durable, simple and 79030 3 7- 5 functional anode, which prevents opposite reactions and makes it possible to optimize the catholyte for plating. Further the acidity of the anolyte can be controlled so that the pH of the blemish is stabilized when the bath is in use.
Uppfinningen, som definieras i nedanstående patentkrav, kommer nu att beskrivas med hänvisning till nedanstående exempel.The invention, which is defined in the following claims, will now to be described with reference to the examples below.
Exemgel l.Exemgel l.
Ett elektropläteringsbad för krom innehåller en anolyt och en katolyt med nedanstående beståndsdelar.An electroplating bath for chromium contains an anolyte and a catholyte having the following ingredients.
Anolyt Kaliumferrocyanid (K4Fe(CN)6) lM fNatriumsulfat (NaSO4) 2M pH reglerat till 1,6 Katolyt Krom(III)sulfat 0,lM Natriumtiocyanat l,2M Natriumklorid 2M Glycin 7 f 10 gram per liter Borsyra 60 gram per liter Vätningsmedel 0,1 gram per liter pH reglerat till 3,5 Anolyten och katolyten separeras av ett skikt av perfluoriderad polymer. Badets arbetstemperatur är 50°C. Användningen av ferricyanid som depolarisator i anolyten medför reducering av pläteringsspänningen med 17% vid användning av en plati- nerad titananod. Ferrocyanidanjonerna oxideras till ferri- cyanidanjoner under plätering, så att ferricyanidanjonerna måste reduceras tillbaka till ferrocyanidjoner efter en given pläteringstid. Depolarisationsmedlet kan reduceras elektro- kemiskt i en lämplig elektrolyt eller också reduceras genom att ett lämpligt reduceringsmedel, t.ex. natriumditionit eller zink, tillsättes anolyten. vasßamzlozflv-ga -Vidare kan katolytens pH-värde stabiliseras genom reglering _ av anolytens pH-värde för att tillåta vätejontransport genom membranet för kompensation av katolytens pH-värdehöjning till följd av väteutvecklingen vid katoden.Anolyte Potassium ferrocyanide (K4Fe (CN) 6) 1M Sodium sulfate (NaSO4) 2M pH adjusted to 1.6 Catholic Chromium (III) sulfate 0.1M Sodium thiocyanate 1,2M Sodium chloride 2M Glycine 7 f 10 grams per liter Boric acid 60 grams per liter Wetting agent 0.1 grams per liter pH adjusted to 3.5 The anolyte and the catholyte are separated by a layer of perfluorinated polymer. The working temperature of the bath is 50 ° C. The use of ferricyanide as a depolarizer in the anolyte causes reduction of the plating tension by 17% when using a platinum nerad titanium anode. The ferrocyanide anions are oxidized to ferric cyanide anions during plating, so that the ferricyanide anions must be reduced back to ferrocyanide ions after a given plating time. The depolarizing agent can be reduced electrically. chemically in a suitable electrolyte or also reduced by that a suitable reducing agent, e.g. sodium dithionite or zinc, the anolyte is added. vasßamzlozflv-ga Furthermore, the pH of the catholyte can be stabilized by regulation of the pH of the anolyte to allow hydrogen ion transport through the membrane to compensate for the pH increase of the catholyte to due to the evolution of hydrogen at the cathode.
Hydracin och kinhydron kan ersätta ferrocyanidanjoner i ano- lyten. ' 7 ' 'd Exemgel 2.Hydracin and quinhydron can replace ferrocyanide anions in lyten. '7' 'd Example 2.
Ett anodarrangemang för ett krom(IIIIelektropläteringsbad med en komposition, som liknar katolyten i exempel l, består av lett fack med lâdform. Facket omfattar ett membran, som uppbärs gav en metall- eller plastram. Alternativt har membranet rör- form. En kolanod är anordnad inuti facket eller röret{ Detta är fyllt med en anolyt, som omsluter kolanoden. Anolyten be- står av ett gel, som är mättat med en lösning av 2M kalium- jodid i O,lM svavelsyra. Anolytens konduktivitet kan ökas ytterligare genom inkludering av en koloidal dispersion av kol i gelet. Svavelsyrakoncentrationen kan vara så avstämd, -att katolytens-pH-värde stabiliseras när badet används.An anode arrangement for a chrome (IIII electroplating bath with a composition similar to the catholyte of Example 1 consists of light compartment with drawer shape. The compartment comprises a membrane, which is supported gave a metal or plastic frame. Alternatively, the membrane has form. A carbon anode is arranged inside the compartment or tube {This is filled with an anolyte, which encloses the carbon anode. The anolyte be- consists of a gel, which is saturated with a solution of 2M potassium iodide in 0.1M sulfuric acid. The conductivity of the anolyte can be increased further by including a colloidal dispersion of charcoal in the gel. The sulfuric acid concentration can be so adjusted, that the pH of the catholyte is stabilized when the bath is used.
Depolarisationsreaktionen medför-oxidation av I--jonerna till I_å.'Denna reaktion är reversibel och tillåter depolarisa- ,tionsmedlet att regenereras (reduceras) i en vatten-elektrolyt ,eller i själva elektropläteringsbadet, varvid anodarrange-i 77manget”blir en temporär katod.The depolarization reaction causes oxidation of the I - ions to This reaction is reversible and allows depolarization. , the agent to be regenerated (reduced) in a water electrolyte , or in the electroplating bath itself, the anode arrangement-i 77manget ”becomes a temporary cathode.
.Alternativa depolarisationsmedel till jodidanjonerna är ferro- ucyanidanjoner, hydrazin, kinhydron eller ferrojoner- Andra .material än kol kan användas för anoden. Lämpliga material är rostfritt stål, platinerat titan, magnetit eller krom be- roende på den särskilda depolarisatorn..Alternative depolarizing agents for the iodide anions are ferrous ucyanide anions, hydrazine, quinhydrone or ferrous ions- Other .materials other than carbon can be used for the anode. Suitable materials are stainless steel, platinum-plated titanium, magnetite or chrome depending on the particular depolarizer.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB13458/78A GB1602404A (en) | 1978-04-06 | 1978-04-06 | Electroplating of chromium |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| SE7903037L SE7903037L (en) | 1979-10-07 |
| SE429980B true SE429980B (en) | 1983-10-10 |
Family
ID=10023343
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7903037A SE429980B (en) | 1978-04-06 | 1979-04-05 | ELECTROPLETING BATHROOM FOR CHROME PROPOSITION |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59595B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1120427A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH639430A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2912351A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2421962A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB1602404A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1166721B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7902628A (en) |
| SE (1) | SE429980B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2109816B (en) * | 1981-11-18 | 1985-01-23 | Ibm | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| GB2109817B (en) * | 1981-11-18 | 1985-07-03 | Ibm | Electrodeposition of chromium |
| GB2110242B (en) * | 1981-11-18 | 1985-06-12 | Ibm | Electroplating chromium |
| GB2109815B (en) * | 1981-11-18 | 1985-09-04 | Ibm | Electrodepositing chromium |
| ATE33686T1 (en) * | 1982-02-09 | 1988-05-15 | Ibm | ELECTROLYTIC DEPOSITION OF CHROMIUM AND ITS ALLOYS. |
| JP3188361B2 (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 2001-07-16 | ペルメレック電極株式会社 | Chrome plating method |
| DE19834353C2 (en) | 1998-07-30 | 2000-08-17 | Hillebrand Walter Gmbh & Co Kg | Alkaline zinc-nickel bath |
| DE19848467C5 (en) * | 1998-10-21 | 2006-04-27 | Walter Hillebrand Gmbh & Co. Kg Galvanotechnik | Alkaline zinc-nickel bath |
| US7442286B2 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2008-10-28 | Atotech Deutschland Gmbh | Articles with electroplated zinc-nickel ternary and higher alloys, electroplating baths, processes and systems for electroplating such alloys |
| US7563348B2 (en) * | 2004-06-28 | 2009-07-21 | Lam Research Corporation | Electroplating head and method for operating the same |
| DE102006035871B3 (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-03-27 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Process for the deposition of chromium layers as hard chrome plating, plating bath and hard chrome plated surfaces and their use |
| US7780840B2 (en) | 2008-10-30 | 2010-08-24 | Trevor Pearson | Process for plating chromium from a trivalent chromium plating bath |
| JP6407879B2 (en) | 2012-11-21 | 2018-10-17 | タタ、スティール、アイモイデン、ベスローテン、フェンノートシャップＴａｔａ Ｓｔｅｅｌ Ｉｊｍｕｉｄｅｎ Ｂｖ | Chromium-chromium oxide coating applied to steel substrates for packaging applications and method for producing said coating |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1237143A (en) * | 1968-06-04 | 1971-06-30 | Burroughs Corp | Method and apparatus for electroplating |
| US4006067A (en) * | 1973-03-05 | 1977-02-01 | Gussack Mark C | Oxidation-reduction process |
| GB1431639A (en) * | 1974-12-11 | 1976-04-14 | Ibm Uk | Electroplating chromium and its alloys |
| US4113588A (en) * | 1976-03-09 | 1978-09-12 | Solex Research Corporation Of Japan | Process for recovery of waste H2 SO4 and HCl |
| CH634881A5 (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1983-02-28 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | METHOD FOR ELECTROLYTICALLY DEPOSITING METALS. |
-
1978
- 1978-04-06 GB GB13458/78A patent/GB1602404A/en not_active Expired
-
1979
- 1979-02-12 CH CH133079A patent/CH639430A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-02-20 FR FR7905103A patent/FR2421962A1/en active Granted
- 1979-03-23 JP JP54033443A patent/JPS59595B2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-03-28 IT IT21366/79A patent/IT1166721B/en active
- 1979-03-29 DE DE19792912351 patent/DE2912351A1/en active Granted
- 1979-04-04 CA CA000324906A patent/CA1120427A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-04-04 NL NL7902628A patent/NL7902628A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-04-05 SE SE7903037A patent/SE429980B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2421962B1 (en) | 1981-10-30 |
| NL7902628A (en) | 1979-10-09 |
| JPS59595B2 (en) | 1984-01-07 |
| CA1120427A (en) | 1982-03-23 |
| JPS54134038A (en) | 1979-10-18 |
| DE2912351C2 (en) | 1990-11-15 |
| FR2421962A1 (en) | 1979-11-02 |
| DE2912351A1 (en) | 1979-10-18 |
| IT1166721B (en) | 1987-05-06 |
| IT7921366A0 (en) | 1979-03-28 |
| GB1602404A (en) | 1981-11-11 |
| CH639430A5 (en) | 1983-11-15 |
| SE7903037L (en) | 1979-10-07 |
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