SE190868C1

SE190868C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE190868C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1964-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: E H Pittman Prioritet begard !ran den 24 februari 1955 (USA) Foreliggande uppfinning avser sammansatt garn och i forsta hand ett fi5rfarande och apparat for framstallning darav. Uppfinningen avser speciellt sammansatta garner, i vilka i en komponent finnas latenta inre spanningar, som kunna frigoras, sa ,att garnet far en elastisk natur. Inventor: E H Pittman Priority Application of February 24, 1955 (USA) The present invention relates to composite yarns and primarily to a method and apparatus for making the same. The invention relates in particular to composite yarns, in which a component contains latent internal stresses which can be released, so that the yarn has an elastic nature.

Kontinuerliga strackta eller elastiska garner ha funnits sedan flera Or tillbaka och anvandas i stor utstrackning for framstallning av strumpor och andra stickade bekladnadsartiklar. Garner av andlosa tradar hstadkomma emellertid joke tillracklig taelming for vissa andamal och aro olampliga for tramstallning av tyger, som likna bomulls-, ylleeller andra tyger, som framstallts av stapelfibergarn. I vissa fall har man darfor kombinerat en audios, elasticerad tradstrang med ullgarn, bomullsgarn eller liimande TOT. erhallande av ett sammansatt garn som har storre tackningsformaga och isoleringsformaga. Continuous stretched or elastic yarns have been around for several years and are widely used in the manufacture of socks and other knitted garments. Yarns of soulless threads, however, provide sufficient taelming for some purposes and are unsuitable for the fabrication of fabrics resembling cotton, wool or other fabrics made from staple fiber yarns. In some cases, therefore, an audio, elastic thread strand has been combined with wool yarn, cotton yarn or adhesive TOT. obtaining a composite yarn having a larger tack and insulation shape.

Hittills ha sammansatta garner framstallts genom tvinning av ett elastieerat garn med ett godtyckligt vanligt garn i en sarskild operation, sá att det sammansatta garnet far sin elasticitet fore vavning eller stickning. Detta fOrfarande har Hera olagenheter. For det forsta bildar tvinningen ett sdrskilt steg, som är helt skilt fra.n elasticeringsforfarandet. Detta innebar, all extra lid och/eller utrustning erfordras for framstallning av det sammansatta garnet. En andra olagenhet med detta forfarande är att livliga garner maste bearbetas bade vid framstallningen av sammansatta garner och vid vavning eller stickning av dessa till tyger. Elasticiteten hos den elasticerade string, som skall anvandas vid framstallningen av det sammansatta garnet, finnes salunda fore tvinningen, varfOr denna sker under be-handling av ett mycket livligt garn, och nar det sammansatta garnet bildats, ar a.ven detta mycket elastiskt, salt att vavnings- eller stickningsoperationen sker med ett rnycket livligt garn. De oldgenheter, som dro f8renade med behandling av livlig,a garner och speciellt garner, som ha snodd spanning, am val kanda fOr fackmannen. Heretofore, composite yarns have been made by twisting an elasticized yarn with any ordinary yarn in a particular operation, so that the composite yarn gains its elasticity before weaving or knitting. This procedure has Hera disadvantages. First, the twist forms a separate step which is completely separate from the elasticization process. This meant that all extra lid and / or equipment was required for the production of the composite yarn. A second disadvantage of this method is that lively yarns must be processed both in the production of composite yarns and in the weaving or knitting of these into fabrics. The elasticity of the elasticized string to be used in the manufacture of the composite yarn is thus present in the twist, for which it takes place during the treatment of a very lively yarn, and when the composite yarn is formed, it is also very elastic, salty. that the weaving or knitting operation takes place with a slightly lively yarn. The antiquities, which were combined with the treatment of lively yarns, and especially yarns, which have twisted tension, are of choice to those skilled in the art.

Aven om olagenheterna has dylika forfaranden helt uppmarksammats, ha de icke eliminerats, °eh detta beror i forsta hand pa att det ar brukligt att forlana andlosa tradstrangar elasticitet genom att garnet tvinnas kraftigt, varefter det hardas i varme och darpa kraftigt avtvinnas, sa att tradarna bilda sling-or, nar garnet foreligger i icke uttanjt till-stand. Det Or tydligt, att ett shdan fOrfarande med tillfredsstallande resultat icke kan uppskjutas till en tidpunk efter det att garnet formats till tyg eller till tidpunkten for tvinning av garnet till sammansatt garn. Although the irregularities such procedures have been fully observed, they have not been eliminated, and this is primarily due to the fact that it is customary to impart elastic elastic strands of strands by twisting the yarn vigorously, after which it hardens in heat and sharply twists, so that the threads form loops when the yarn is in an unexploded state. It is clear that such a process with satisfactory results can not be postponed to a time after the yarn has been formed into fabric or to the time of twisting of the yarn into composite yarn.

Enligt foreliggande uppfining erhalles ett sammansatt garn, som kan forlanas de Onskade elastiska egenskaperna efter -crawling eller stickling genom frigOring av latenta, lure spanningar. According to the present invention, a composite yarn is obtained which can be imparted the desired elastic properties after -crawling or knitting by releasing latent, lure tensions.

.Uppfinningen avser ett salt och en apparat for mOjligg5rande av framstallning av sadant garn i ett enda steg pa. ett bekvamt och billigt salt. The invention relates to a salt and an apparatus for enabling the production of such yarn in a single step. a convenient and inexpensive salt.

Enligt ,foreliggande uppfinning ledes at- minstone en ande av ett termoplastiskt garn av andlosa tradar Over ett varmeelement och sedan i vinkel Over ett knivblad med bladets egg anbragt vid banans topp. Denna garnande sammanfOres sedan med atminstone ett annat garn och ledas samtidigt till en tvinningsanordning, sasom en ring och lopare, dar de tvinnas till ett sammansatt garn. Nar det termoplastiska garnet passerar Over knivbladet forlanas det latenta icke vridande hire spanningar, vilka senare kunna frigoras, sh att garnet antager eller stravar att antaga en hoprullad linjar konfiguration och elastiska egenskaper erhallas. Fastan garnet i det fOljande angives besta av endast tvh komponenter, är det tydligt att tva eller flera tradar 2— — kunna ledas over knivbladet samtidigt och darph sammanfOras med ett flertal tradar till ett av mer an tvâ komponenter bestaende garn. According to the present invention, at least one spirit is guided by a thermoplastic yarn of spiritless threads over a heating element and then at an angle over a knife blade with the edge of the blade arranged at the top of the web. This yarn is then joined to at least one other yarn and simultaneously led to a twisting device, such as a ring and runner, where they are twisted into a composite yarn. When the thermoplastic yarn passes over the knife blade, the latent non-rotating hire stresses are released, which can later be released, so that the yarn assumes or strains to assume a rolled lines configuration and elastic properties are obtained. Although the yarn in the following is stated to consist of only two components, it is clear that two or more threads 2— - can be passed over the knife blade at the same time and must be combined with several threads into one yarn consisting of more than two components.

Foreliggande forfara.nde skiljer sig fran tidigare kanda, genom att den hoprullade eller forvridna konfigurationen has den termoplastiska strangen primart framstalles genom frigoring av inre, latenta spanningar efter tvinningen eller t. o. m. efter stickningen eller vavningen, med andra ord sadana spanningar, som icke omedelbart framtrada genom forandring av den linjara konfigurationen av garnet, nar spanningen pa garnet frigores. Den termoplastiska strangen Ifar omedelbart efter passagen Over knivbladet en svag ten-dens att krusa sig, da den plotsligt befrias fran spanningen, men detta kan icke jamforas med den starka, linjara forvridningen, som astadkommes av ett elasticerat garn i den bemarkelse, som numera avses darmed. Krusningar i garnet kunna vid denna tidpunkt utan inforing av vridningsspanningar nastan kelt avlagsnas genom de svaga spanningar, som vanligen aro erforderliga fiir tvinning, vavning och stickning. Vid dessa operationer ar det enligt fOreliggande uppfinning möjligt att i hog grad bortse fran de forsiktighetsatOrder, som tidigare varit ni5dvandiga vid be-handling av elasticerade garner. The present method differs from the prior art in that the coiled or twisted configuration has the thermoplastic strand primarily produced by releasing internal, latent stresses after twisting or even after knitting or weaving, in other words such stresses which did not immediately appear through change in the linear configuration of the yarn when the tension on the yarn is released. Immediately after the passage over the knife blade, the thermoplastic strand tends to curl slightly, as it is suddenly released from the tension, but this cannot be compared with the strong, linear distortion caused by an elasticized yarn in the sense now intended. darmed. Ripples in the yarn can at this point, without the introduction of torsional stresses, be almost easily removed by the weak stresses which are usually required for twisting, weaving and knitting. In these operations, according to the present invention, it is possible to completely disregard the precautionary measures which have previously been necessary in the treatment of elasticized yarns.

Pet sammansatta garnet enligt foreliggande uppfinning dr lampat far en ,mangd Aka anvandningar beroende i fOrsta hand ph den strangtyp, som skall blandas med den termoplastiska strang, som passerar Over bladeggen. Om den termoplastiska strangen blandas med ett spunnet bomullsgarn erhalles ett sammansatt garn, som är speciellt lampligt for stick-fling av underklader .for man. Den stickade varans elastiska natur resulterar i en utmarkt passform, garnets bomullskomponent astadkommer god tackformaga, goda isoleringsvarden och hog fuktabsorption, och den elasticerade komponenten i garnet astadkommer Okad styrka och battre slitegenskaper. Den termoplastiska strangen kan sedan den passerat over bladeggen aven blandas med ett spunnet ullgarn, varvid ett sammansatt garn erhalles, som är lampligt for stickning av -manssockor, trojor och liknande. Den termoplastiska stranrsen kan vidare blandas med spunna syntetiska garner, varvid sammansatta garnen erhallas, som ge tyger med storre tackningsformaga eller med en andra strang av ändlösa tradar av samma sammansattning men utan motsvarande latenta inre spanningar, varvid ett garn erhalles, som ger ett tyg med ett nytt utseende. The composite yarn of the present invention has a variety of applications depending primarily on the type of strand to be mixed with the thermoplastic strand passing over the blade edge. If the thermoplastic strand is mixed with a spun cotton yarn, a composite yarn is obtained which is particularly suitable for stick-fling of undergarments. The elastic nature of the knitted fabric results in an excellent fit, the yarn's cotton component provides good tack shape, good insulation values and high moisture absorption, and the elasticized component in the yarn achieves increased strength and better wear properties. The thermoplastic strand can then, after passing over the blade edge, also be mixed with a spun wool yarn, whereby a composite yarn is obtained which is suitable for knitting men's socks, sweaters and the like. The thermoplastic strands can further be blended with spun synthetic yarns to obtain composite yarns which provide fabrics with larger tack shapes or with a second strand of endless threads of the same composition but without corresponding latent internal stresses, whereby a yarn is obtained which gives a fabric with a new look.

En lamplig utfOringsform av en anordning enligt uppfinningen beskrives i det fdljande under hanvisning till bifogade ritning, som ar mycket schematisk, men SOM visor huvuddelarnas Pa ritningen betecknar 10 en garntillforsel anordning, som bestar av en spindel 12 med en garnspole 14. En garnande 16 ledes Iran spolen 14 genom en tradforare 18 Over en spanningsreglerande anordning 20 till en knivbladsanordning, som är betecknad med 22. Den spanningsreglerande anordningen 20 tjanar det dubbla andamalet att avlagsna variationer i spanning, som bero ph avdragningen av garnet frail spolen 14 och att leda garnet till knivbladsanordningen 22 under lamplig spanning, medan tradforaren 18 har till andamal att avlagsna garnet fran spolen 14 sã 'at som mojligt. Sedan garnet passerat Over knivbladsanordningen 22, som beskrives narmare i det foljande, ledes det genom en tradforare 24 till ett par drivna valsar 26. A suitable embodiment of a device according to the invention is described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawing, which is very schematic, but which shows the main parts In the drawing, a yarn supply device, which consists of a spindle 12 with a yarn spool 14. A yarn 16 is guided Iran the spool 14 through a wire conveyor 18 over a tension regulating device 20 to a knife blade device, designated 22. The tension regulating device 20 serves the dual purpose of removing variations in tension due to the peeling of the yarn frail the spool 14 and leading the yarn to the knife blade device 22 under suitable tension, while the thread guide 18 has the purpose of removing the yarn from the spool 14 as possible. After the yarn has passed over the knife blade device 22, which is described in more detail below, it is passed through a wire feeder 24 to a pair of driven rollers 26.

Med 28 betecknas en andra garntillforselanordning, som bestar av en spindel 30, som uppbar en garnspole 32. Gain 34 fran spolen 32 ledes genom en tradforare 3G och darpet till en spanningsreglerande anordning 38 och till de drivna valsarna 26. Fran valsarna 26 ledas strangarna 34 och 16 tillsammans genom en tradfOrare 39 och darefter till en tvinningsanordning 40, som bestar av en spindel 42, en ring 44 och en lopare 46. Tvinningsanordningen 40 hoptvinnar de bada strangarna 16 och 34 till ett sammansatt garn, som kan vavas eller stickas till tyger och behandlas pa salt som angives i det foljande for utveckling av dess elastiska egenskaper. Denoted by 28 is a second yarn supply device which consists of a spindle 30 which carried a yarn spool 32. Gain 34 from the spool 32 is passed through a wire conveyor 3G and the darp to a tension regulating device 38 and to the driven rollers 26. From the rollers 26 the strands 34 are guided and 16 together through a thread conveyor 39 and then to a twisting device 40, which consists of a spindle 42, a ring 44 and a runner 46. The twisting device 40 winds the two strands 16 and 34 together into a composite yarn, which can be woven or knitted into fabrics. and treated on salt as indicated below for the development of its elastic properties.

Knivbladanordningen 22 bestar av en bagformig upphettningsplat 48, som lampligen utgOres av rostfritt stal eller liknande, sam bojts till en radie pa c:a 10 cm sa att en svagt bagformig yta vandes mot garnet. Platen 48 upphettas genom sift eget elektriska motstand och är forbunden med ett par elektriska ledare 50 och 52 till en variabel transformator 54, som star i torbindelse med en lamplig stromkalla genom ledningar 56 och 58. Pa platen 48 är med tillhj alp av en hallare 60 anbragt ett knivblad 62, som bestar av ett vanligt rakblad av typen Schick, Gem etc. Knivbladets skarpa egg 64 stracker sig utanfor den bakre kanten av platen 18 ett kort stycke, sa att garnet 16 passerar i kontakt med platens 48 undersida och Over knivbladets 62 egg i en i vinkel fOrlopande bana med knivbladets 62 egg 64 belagen vid banans topp. The knife blade device 22 consists of a bag-shaped heating plate 48, which is suitably made of stainless steel or the like, bent together to a radius of about 10 cm so that a slightly bag-shaped surface is welded to the yarn. The plate 48 is heated by its own electrical resistance and is connected by a pair of electrical conductors 50 and 52 to a variable transformer 54, which is connected to a suitable current source through wires 56 and 58. The plate 48 is assisted by a holder 60. arranged a knife blade 62, which consists of an ordinary razor blade of the type Schick, Gem etc. The sharp edge 64 of the knife blade extends outside the rear edge of the plate 18 a short distance, so that the yarn 16 passes in contact with the underside of the plate 48 and the over knife blade 62 edge in an angled path with the knife blade's 62 edge 64 coated at the top of the path.

En garnstrang ledes fran spolen 14 genom tradforaren 18, omkring den spanningsreglerande anordningen 20, knivbladanordningen 22 och tradforare 24 till valsarna 26. En andra garnstrang ledes fran spolen 32 genom tractforaren 36 och omkring den spanningsreglerande anordningen 38 till valsarna 26. Dessa igangsattas, sa att bada garnstrangarna kunna tillsammans passera genom tradforaren 39 till tvinningsanordningen 40. Innan valsarna 26 kOras vidare installes den justerbara transformatorn. 51, sa att tillracklig energi levereras till upphettningselementet 48, sa att det erhaller den onskade temperaturen. Om den- — —3 na temperatur ligger over det termoplastislra garnets smaltpunkt, kan ett isoleringsmaterial infOras mellan garnet och upphettningspld- ten, tills apparaten ar i full verksamhet. Nr upphettningselementet 48 har erforderlig tem- peratur och garntradarna aro infOrda i ratt lage, igangsattas valsarna 26 och tvinningsanordningen _40 och darpa behover apparaten joke flagon tillsyn, om icke en trad avslites eller en garnspole blivit avlindad. Pa detta satt kan ett termoplastiskt garn behan.dlas i en enda operation, sa att det erhaller en potentiellt elastisk natur och darefter sammanforas med en andra garnstrang, sä att ett sammansatt garn erhalles. A yarn strand is passed from the spool 14 through the spool 18, around the tension regulating device 20, the knife blade device 22 and spool guide 24 to the rollers 26. A second yarn strand is passed from the spool 32 through the tract spinner 36 and around the tension regulating device 38 to the rollers 26. These are actuated so that both yarn strands can together pass through the wire conveyor 39 to the twisting device 40. Before the rollers 26 are further wound, the adjustable transformer is installed. 51, said that sufficient energy is supplied to the heating element 48, said that it obtains the desired temperature. If this temperature is above the melting point of the thermoplastic yarn, an insulating material can be inserted between the yarn and the heating plate until the apparatus is in full operation. When the heating element 48 has the required temperature and the twine threads are inserted in a straight line, the rollers 26 and the twisting device 40 are started and the apparatus needs jogging flagon supervision, unless a thread is torn or a yarn spool has been unwound. In this way, a thermoplastic yarn can be treated in a single operation, so that it acquires a potentially elastic nature and then joined to a second yarn strand, so that a composite yarn is obtained.

Det är uppenbart, att den pa ritningen visade anordningen latt kan konstrueras genom modifikation av en vanlig spinn- eller tvinningsmaskin. I hada fallen kr alit som behover tillfogas knivbladsanordningen 22, spanningsanordningarna 20 och 38 och i vissa fall tradfOraren 21. Vid en tvinningsmaskin kunna valsarna 26 utgoras av de vanliga garnmatningsanordningarna och vid en spinnmaskin kunna valsarna 26 besta av framforingsvalsparet. Det ar aven tydligt, att en enda upphettningsplat av avseyard lingd kan anvandas I stallet for ett flertal knivblad, som anbragts med mellanrum, motsvarande varje lage i maskinramen. For erhallande av en noggrann temperaturreglering ar det darvid att upphettningselementet ãr isolerat, t. ex. med skumglasisolering mellan de olika knivbladslagena. It is obvious that the device shown in the drawing can easily be constructed by modifying an ordinary spinning or twisting machine. In any case, as needed, the knife blade device 22, the tensioning devices 20 and 38 and in some cases the trader 21 are added. In a twisting machine the rollers 26 can be made of the usual yarn feeding devices and in a spinning machine the rollers 26 can consist of the feed roller pair. It is also clear that a single heating plate of considerable length can be used instead of a plurality of knife blades, which are arranged at intervals, corresponding to each layer in the machine frame. In order to obtain an accurate temperature control, the heating element is insulated, e.g. with foam glass insulation between the different blade types.

.Det garn, som passerar Over knivbladsanordningen 22, kan bestd av en godtycklig string av andlosa tradar, av ett syntetiskt, organiskt hydrofobt, termoplastiskt fibermaterial. Alla sadana garner kunna forlanas tillrackliga latenta spanningar, sa att en skaligen tillfredsstallande elasticitet erhfilles. Det har emellertid visat sig, att garnstrangen for erhallande av de basta resultaten skall vara av en sadan typ, som har en forlangnin.g av mindre an c:a 8 % vid en spanning av 1,0 g per denier. Exempel pa la.mpliga material aro nylon ,och etylenglykol-tereltalsyrapolyestermaterial, som saluforas under varumarket Dacron, Skillet till att garnet shall ha dessa egenskaper är icke kant, men det faktum kvarstar, att garner, som falla utanfor denna klass i allmanhet icke aro helt 15.mpliga att anvanda som denna komponent i det sammansatta garnet. Garner framstallda av sadana material som cellulosa-monoacetat, vilha ej aro verkligt hydrofoba, garner av glas, vilka icke arc av organiskt material och garner .av viskosrayon, viLka icke aro termoplastiska, skola darfor vanligen icke anvandas. The yarn which passes over the knife blade device 22 may consist of an arbitrary string of breathless threads, of a synthetic, organic hydrophobic, thermoplastic fiber material. All such yarns can be provided with sufficient latent tensions, so that a scalable satisfactory elasticity is obtained. It has been found, however, that the yarn strand for obtaining the best results should be of a type which has a requirement of less than about 8% at a tension of 1.0 g per denier. Examples of suitable materials are nylon, and ethylene glycol-terthalic acid polyester material marketed under the Dacron brand. The difference between the yarns having these properties is not an edge, but the fact remains that yarns falling outside this class are generally not completely 15.mpliga to use as this component in the composite yarn. Yarns made from materials such as cellulose monoacetate will not be truly hydrophobic, glass yarns which are not sheets of organic material and viscose rayon yarns which are not thermoplastic will therefore generally not be used.

Garnstrangen frail spolen 32 kan ha godtycklig sammansattning eller struktur och dess natur beror helt pa utseendet och de fysikaliska egenskaper, som onskas i det fardiga tyget. Exempel pa lampliga garner aro t. ex. ullgarn, bomullsgarn, spunnen nylon, cellulosaacetat, viskosrayon etc. The yarn strand from the spool 32 can have any composition or structure and its nature depends entirely on the appearance and physical properties desired in the finished fabric. Examples of suitable yarns are e.g. wool yarn, cotton yarn, spun nylon, cellulose acetate, viscose rayon, etc.

Antalet snoddvarv i det sammansatta garnet skall hallas vid ett relativt lagt varde och skall endast vara sa hogt att ett latt handhavande av detsamma shall vara mojligt. The number of twists and turns in the composite yarn shall be kept at a relatively low value and shall only be so high that easy handling of the same shall be possible.

Vanligen aro 3 till 5 vary per 2,5 cm lampliga. Usually aro 3 to 5 vary per 2.5 cm lampliga.

Om det sammansatta garnet ar starkt tvinnat, ar det forenat med svarigheter for de indivi- duella tradarna att forflytta sig i forhallande till varandra, sd att garnet icke kan sammandragas hela den langd som annars skulle vara fallet. If the composite yarn is strongly twisted, it is associated with responsibilities for the individual traders to move in relation to each other, so that the yarn cannot be contracted the entire length that would otherwise be the case.

Fastan anordningen enligt foreliggande uppfinning ar relativt enkel, finnas flera variabler S0111 paverka naturen av det framstallda garnet. Salunda kunna radien till knivbladets baglinje, spanningen i de hada garnstrangarna, temperaturen i upphettningsplaten och garnets linjara hastighet paverka garnets natur och i det foljande skola de operativa och optimala granserna for dessa variabler angivas. Although the device according to the present invention is relatively simple, there are several variables SO111 affecting the nature of the yarn produced. Thus, the radius to the back line of the knife blade, the tension in the hot yarn strands, the temperature in the heating plate and the linear speed of the yarn can affect the nature of the yarn and in the following the operational and optimal limits for these variables are stated.

Radien till knivbladets baglinje kan variera Mom skaliga granser, men shall lampligen vara sa liten som mojligt, utan att garnet skadas. Radiens storlek kan hero pa strukturen av det material, av vilket bladet framstallts, och 'med ett finkornigt material, sasom rostfritt stal, är det mojlig att radien kan ara sa liten som 0,002 mm eller mindre utan att garnet avskares. A andra sidan fir det vid material Tried grovre textur ofta nodvandigt att radien dr sa stor som 0,001 eller 0,005 mm for att tillfredsstallande resultat skola erhallas. Ett nytt rakblad av den Ma staltypen har I allmanhet en krokningsradie ay 0,0010,002 mm men detta material liar sa grov textur, att det i allmanhet ar nOdvandigt att slipa eggen mycket latt fen. erhallande av de basta resultaten. Detta kan astadkommas genom att bladet gnides nagra fd. ganger Over ett fint slipmedel sasona krokusvav eller genom polering av eggen med jeweller's rouge. Rakblad av rostfritt stal kunna pa grund av sin finare textur ibland anvandas i den form de erhallas Iran tillverkaren, ,fastan det i allmanhet ar limpligt att latt polera eggen liven pa dessa blad. Den maximala krokningsradie, som bladet kan ha, beror p& storleken av de garnfihrer, som skola passera over bladet. Om man anvander ett garn med mycket fina fib-rem, t .ex. ett nylongarn pa 70 denier och 34 tradar skall bladet ha en krokningsradie som icke ar storre An c:a 0,015 mm eller lampligen mindre an 0,01 mm, men am man anvander ett garn med stora fibrer sasom ett enkelfibrigt nylongarn ph 15 denier kan ett Mad med en kriikningsradie pa 0,150 mm anvandas. Aven i detta fall ger emellertid ett blad med en krokningsradie, som ar mindre an c:a 0,015 mm, markhart overlagsna resultat. The radius to the back line of the knife blade can vary Mom's scaly borders, but should suitably be as small as possible, without damaging the yarn. The size of the radius may depend on the structure of the material from which the blade is made, and with a fine-grained material, such as stainless steel, it is possible that the radius may be as small as 0.002 mm or less without cutting the yarn. On the other hand, in the case of material Tried coarser texture, it is often necessary for the radius to be as large as 0.001 or 0.005 mm in order to obtain satisfactory results. A new razor blade of the Metal type generally has a radius of curvature of 0.0010,002 mm, but this material has such a coarse texture that it is generally necessary to grind the edge very lightly. obtaining the best results. This can be accomplished by rubbing the blade a few ex. times Over a fine abrasive sasona crocus or by polishing the edge with jeweller's blush. Stainless steel razor blades can sometimes be used in the form they are obtained from the Iranian manufacturer due to their finer texture, although it is generally mandatory to have the edges of the blades polished on these blades. The maximum hooking radius that the blade can have depends on the size of the yarn guides that are to pass over the blade. If you use a yarn with very fine fiber straps, e.g. a nylon yarn of 70 denier and 34 threads, the blade must have a radius of curvature which is not greater than about 0.015 mm or suitably less than 0.01 mm, but if a yarn with large fibers such as a single-fiber nylon yarn of 15 denier is used, a Food with a crimping radius of 0.150 mm is used. Even in this case, however, a blade with a radius of curvature, which is less than about 0.015 mm, gives ground-hard overall results.

Titern has det garn, som skall passera Over knivbladet, kan variera Mom vida granser och — — nastan alla i handeln tillgangliga garner med de ovan angivna egenskaperna kunna anyandas. Sasom exempel pa det -vida omrade, Mom vilket deniertalet och tradantalet kunna anvfindas, kan namnas att utmarkta resultat erhallits med foljande typer av nylongarn, namligen 70 denier, 31 tradar; 15 denier, enkeltrad; 12 denier, 4 tradar; 100 denier, 34 tradar och 70 denier, 34 tradar. Under lampliga forhallanden kan deniertalet per trad variera frail 1-20 oeh totala deniertalet kan vara sa hOgt som 200 och t. o. m. 1000 eller hogre. The title has the yarn that is to pass Over the knife blade, can vary Mom wide limits and - - almost all commercially available yarns with the above properties can anyandas. As an example of the wide range, Mom in which the denier number and the number of threads can be used, it can be mentioned that excellent results have been obtained with the following types of nylon yarns, namely 70 denier, 31 threads; 15 denier, single row; 12 denier, 4 tradar; 100 denier, 34 trades and 70 denier, 34 trades. Under suitable conditions, the denier number per trad can vary from 1 to 20, and the total denier number can be as high as 200 and even 1000 or higher.

Till- och franledningsvinkeln for garnet till knivbladet kan aven variera mom vida granser, fastan summan av dessa hada vinklar skall vara mindre an c:a 120° och lampligen mindre an 100°. Det är i allmanhet lampligt att Ora tilledningsvinkeln relativt stor t. ex. fran 30-100°, sa att knivbladet avlagsnas frau upphettningsplaten och darfor erhaller lagre temperatur. A andra sidan dr det i allmanhet lampligt att franledningsvinkeln ar mindre An e:a 50° och lampligen sa liten som slipningen av den skarpa eggen medgiver. Nar tilledningsvinkeln ar relativt stor, erhallas battre resultat An genomsnittet, om garnet far folia knivbladets yta Over dess hela bredd, sedan garnet passerar den skarpa eggen. Det exakta skalet till detta ar icke med sakerhet leant, men det dr kant, att garnet lampligen bar kylas sa snart som mojligt efter kontakten med den skarpa eggen, och det är troligt, att en kontakt utefter bladets hela bredd medfor en hastigare varmeavgang fran garnet an som kan astadkommas med enbart luftkylning av garnet, nar det ledes fran eggen. The angle of attachment and deflection of the yarn to the knife blade can also vary widely, although the sum of these angles should be less than about 120 ° and suitably less than 100 °. It is generally appropriate that the Ora feed angle is relatively large e.g. from 30-100 °, so that the knife blade is removed from the heating plate and therefore receives a lower temperature. On the other hand, it is generally appropriate for the deflection angle to be smaller than 50 ° and probably as small as the sharpening of the sharp edge allows. When the feed angle is relatively large, better results are obtained. On average, if the yarn is allowed to fill the surface of the knife blade over its entire width, then the yarn passes the sharp edge. The exact shell of this is not entirely certain, but the fact is that the yarn should suitably be cooled as soon as possible after contact with the sharp edge, and it is probable that a contact along the entire width of the blade will result in a faster heat dissipation from the yarn. which can be achieved with only air cooling of the yarn, when it is led from the edge.

Spanningen i garnet, nal- detta passerar Over bladet, ar en annan viktig faktor och denna variabel maste hallas Mom vissa granser, for att maximal elasticitet skall erhallas. Spanningsmatningar skola goras pa garnet omedelbart sedan det lamnat kniveggen, emedan det har visat sig, att vid praktiskt taget optimala fOrhallanden spanningen i garnet Man det anlander till upphettningsanordningen i allmanhet ar for liten for att kunna matas. Fastan ifrdgavarande operativa granser kunna variera pa grand av ett antal faktorer, inkl. garntemperaturen, kan man saga, att det operativa omradet i allmanhet stracker sig fran 0,05 g per denier till c:a 1 g per denier, lampligen frau 0,1 till 0,4 g per denier. Den optimala spanningen varierar icke endast med garntemperaturen och garnets sammansattning utan synes aven variera nagot for garner av i huvudsak samma sammansattning, framstallda av olika tillverkare eller t. o. In. far olika garnpartier framstallda av samma tillverkare. Detta innebar, att man ,for att finna den optimala spanningen for ett visst garn, maste bestamma densamma empiriskt, men dd. varje spanning Mom det ovan angivna omradet ger tillfredsstallande resultat, dr en bestfimning av den optimala spanningen icke nadvandig, mu man icke Ar intresserad av att erhalla absolut maximum av elasticitet. Genom noggrant kontrollerade Mrs& har det bestamts, att den optimala spanningen far duPont-garn typ 200 nylon vid en temperatur frau 160-180° C vid den skarpa eggen i allmanhet ligger vid 0,15-0,28 g per denier. The tension in the yarn, which passes over the blade, is another important factor and this variable must be kept within certain limits in order for maximum elasticity to be obtained. Tension feeds should be made on the yarn immediately after it has left the knife wall, as it has been found that in practically optimal conditions the tension in the yarn when it arrives at the heating device in general is too small to be fed. Although the operational limits in question can vary depending on a number of factors, incl. the yarn temperature, it can be said that the operating range generally ranges from 0.05 g per denier to about 1 g per denier, suitably from 0.1 to 0.4 g per denier. The optimum tension varies not only with the yarn temperature and the composition of the yarn but also seems to vary somewhat for yarns of substantially the same composition, manufactured by different manufacturers or even in. father different yarn batches manufactured by the same manufacturer. This meant that, in order to find the optimal tension for a certain yarn, one had to determine it empirically, but dd. each tension But the range given above gives satisfactory results, where a determination of the optimum tension is not present, one is not interested in obtaining an absolute maximum of elasticity. Through carefully controlled Mrs & it has been determined that the optimum tension for duPont yarn type 200 nylon at a temperature from 160-180 ° C at the sharp edge is generally 0.15-0.28 g per denier.

Spanningen i den garnstrang, som icke passerar Over knivbladet Ar mycket mindre kritisk an i den andra strangen. liven i detta fall skall det emellertid vara tillracklig spanning I for att forhindra garnet frail att bilda kinkar, innan det nar valsarna 26 och, om icke en ovanlig effekt anskas, for att spanningarna i den tvinnade strangen skola balanseras sit att en mattlig spanning i det sammansatta garnet kommer att medfora att alla slingor avlagsnas frail den icke-elasticerade komponenten saval som fran den elasticerade komponenten. The tension in the yarn strand, which does not pass over the knife blade, is much less critical than in the other strand. life in this case, however, there must be sufficient tension I to prevent the yarn from forming kinks before it reaches the rollers 26 and, unless an unusual effect is desired, for the tensions in the twisted strand to be balanced so that a matte tension in it composite yarn will cause all loops to be removed from the non-elastic component as well as from the elastic component.

Den linjara ha:stigheten hos garnet Over knivbladet kan a.ven variera mom vida granser beroende pa upphettningspIatens temperatur, platens bredd, platens avstand fran bladeggen och den typ av garn som passerar Over bladet. Det avgorande ar, att garnet upphettas till riktig temperatur oak det Ar uppenbart att den temperatur, till vilken garnet upphettas, varierar med ovan angivna faktorer. Med en upphettningsplat av en viss bredd och med en viss temperatur erfordras en avsevart langre kontakttid for upphettning av ett garn pa 70 eller 100 denier an for ett garn pa 15 eller 7 denier. Om knivbladet fir belaget alltfor langt fran upphettningsplatens kant, har garnet benagenhet att kylas Indian platen och kniveggen och det ar tydligt, att ett tunnare garn avkyles hastigare An ett ljoekare garn, sit att en hogre linjar garnhastighet maste an-vandas i det forsta fallet. Det ar vidare att marka, att upphettningsplatens +ernperatur i vissa fall kan ligga Over garnets smaltpunkt och i dessa fall maste den linjara hastigheten vara tillrackligt hag, sit att garnet icke smaller. Som en allman regel maste framhallas, att granserna for den linjara hastigheten hos garnet Over upphettningsplaten ligger mellan 0,3 och 120 in per minut eller t. o. m. hogre, lampligen mellan 3 till 45 m per minut. The linear height of the yarn over the knife blade can also vary widely depending on the temperature of the heating plate, the width of the plate, the distance of the plate from the blade edge and the type of yarn that passes over the blade. The decisive factor is that the yarn is heated to the correct temperature and it is obvious that the temperature to which the yarn is heated varies with the factors stated above. With a heating plate of a certain width and with a certain temperature, a considerably longer contact time is required for heating a yarn of 70 or 100 denier than for a yarn of 15 or 7 denier. If the blade leaves the coating too far from the edge of the heating plate, the yarn tends to cool the Indian plate and the knife wall and it is clear that a thinner yarn cools faster than a lighter yarn, so that a higher line yarn speed must be used in the first case. It should also be noted that in some cases the temperature of the heating plate may be above the melting point of the yarn and in these cases the linear velocity must be sufficient, provided that the yarn does not narrow. As a general rule, it must be emphasized that the limits for the linear velocity of the yarn over the heating plate are between 0.3 and 120 in per minute or even higher, suitably between 3 to 45 m per minute.

Upphettningsplatens avstand fran knivbladets egg kan aven variera Mom vida grainer oak i vissa fall kan det uppga till 5 em och merit men som en allman regel skall kniveggen ligga sit nara upphettningsplaten som. mojligt. Garnets tilledningsvinkel till bladet maste givetvis beaktas, oak om man saker placera kniveggen alltfor nara upphettningsplaten ar det nodvandigt med en stor tilledningsvinkel. Man maste aven taga hansyn till bladets temperatur emedan det har visat sig, att de basta resultaten erhallas, nar bladet dr sit kallt som garnets friktion och utstralningen fran upphettningspla'ten medgiver. Det opti- — — male avstandet är darfor en kompromiss, som medgiver den onskade tilledningsvinkeln och ett relativt kallt blad under placering av kniveggen sa nara, att garnet har foga mojlighet att avkylas pa sin vag Iran upphettningsplaten till bladet. The distance of the heating plate from the edge of the knife blade can also vary, but in some cases it can amount to 5 cm and merit, but as a general rule, the knife wall should be close to the heating plate as. possible. The feed angle of the yarn to the blade must of course be taken into account, even if you place the knife wall too close to the heating plate, a large feed angle is necessary. The temperature of the blade must also be taken into account, since it has been found that the best results are obtained when the blade is cold as the friction of the yarn and the radiation from the heating plate allow. The optimum distance is therefore a compromise which allows the desired feed angle and a relatively cold blade during placement of the knife wall so close that the yarn has the opportunity to cool on its vague Iran heating plate to the blade.

Upphettningsplatens bredd skall i allmanhet vara sä stor som mojligt utan att en O. hog spanning erhalles i garnet, innan det kommer i kontakt med knivbladet, att den onskade arbetsspanningen i garnet efter kontakten med bladet joke kan uppratthallas. Det är tydligt, att in bredare upphettningsplaten ãr ju storre ãr kontaktarean med de darover framforda garnet och ju hagre är den spanning, som erfordras for framforing av garnet. I vissa fall kan en upphettningsplat med en bredd pa 10 eller 13 cm anvandas utan att fOr. stora spanningar inforas i garnet, men som regel skall upphettningsplaten joke vara bredare an 9 cm och detta ar speciellt fallet nar man onskar att apparaten skall anvandas for flera olika garntyper. Nagon: minimigrfins i fraga ona upphettningsplatens bredd kan icke angivas, emedan, em platen gores for smal, bladet sjalvt upphettar garnet genom straining. Genom anvandning av lag garnhastighet ha tillfredsstfillande resultat erhallits med anvandning av endast kniveggen som upphettningselement, fastan det i detta fall är tydligt, att garntemperauren hojts genom straining i avsevard grad fore kontakten med bladet. Det innebar i allmhnhet joke nagon fordel att anvanda en upphettningsplht som har en mindre bredd an c:a 0,6 cm och en bredd pa minst 2,5-5 cm fir i allmanhet lamplig. The width of the heating plate should generally be as large as possible without an O. hog tension being obtained in the yarn, before it comes into contact with the knife blade, that the desired working voltage in the yarn after contact with the blade joke can be maintained. It is clear that the wider the heating plate, the larger the contact area with the yarns conveyed over it and the more favorable the tension required for feeding the yarn. In some cases, a heating plate with a width of 10 or 13 cm can be used without lining. large stresses are introduced into the yarn, but as a rule the heating plate joke should be wider than 9 cm and this is especially the case when you want the appliance to be used for several different types of yarn. Some: the minimum size in question of the width of the heating plate can not be specified, because if the plate is made too narrow, the blade itself heats the yarn by straining. By using a low yarn speed satisfactory results have been obtained using only the knife wall as a heating element, although in this case it is clear that the yarn temperature has been raised by straining to a considerable degree before contact with the blade. It generally meant some joke to use a heating plate which has a width of about 0.6 cm and a width of at least 2.5-5 cm is generally suitable.

En sista faktor till vilken hansyn maste tagas är upphettningsplatens temperatur och det fir tydligt att det operativa omrhdet far derma variabel Sr beroende pa den anvanda garntypen, garnets linjara hastighet och upphettningsplatens bredd. Om en skaligt hog garnhastighet anvandes, t. ex. 45 m per minut och en smal upphettningsplat anvandes, ar det mOjligt att erhalla tillfredsstallande resultat vid en temperatur, som är avsevart hogre an garnets smaltpunkt och tillfredsstallande resultat kunna erhallas med temperaturer ph 260° C .och hogre vid anvandning av nylongarn. Om a andra sidan en bredare upphettningsplat och laga garnhastigheter anvandes fir det mojligt aft erhalla tillfredsstallande resultat vid temperaturer pa upphettningsplaten pa. 820 G och nagot darunder. Vid temperaturer avsevart under 82° G foreligger garnet icke i en sadan kondition., att det kan upptaga och bibehalla de Onskade latenta spanningarna. Aven med garner av samma sammansattning synes den .optimala temperaturen hos upphettningsplaten att vara beroende av garnets titer. Med anvandning av en 7,5 cm bred upphettningsplht och en garnhastighet av 36 m per minut her en arbetstempera: tur pa 160-180° G rvisat sig optimal for be- handling av enkeltradigt nylongarn. pa 15 denier (duPont typ 200) under det att en temperatur pa e:a 166-198° C synes vara optimal for ett nylongarn pa 30 denier och 10 tradar. A final factor to which consideration must be given is the temperature of the heating plate and it is clear that the operating range has this variable Sr depending on the type of yarn used, the linear speed of the yarn and the width of the heating plate. If a scaled high yarn speed is used, e.g. 45 m per minute and a narrow heating plate is used, it is possible to obtain satisfactory results at a temperature which is considerably higher than the melting point of the yarn and satisfactory results can be obtained with temperatures of 260 ° C and higher when using nylon yarn. On the other hand, if a wider heating plate and low yarn speeds were used, it is possible to obtain satisfactory results at temperatures on the heating plate at. 820 G and something underneath. At temperatures well below 82 ° C the yarn is not in such a condition that it can absorb and maintain the desired latent stresses. Even with yarns of the same composition, the optimum temperature of the heating plate seems to depend on the titer of the yarn. With the use of a 7.5 cm wide heating plate and a yarn speed of 36 m per minute, a working temperature of 160-180 ° G has been found to be optimal for the treatment of single-threaded nylon yarn. of 15 denier (duPont type 200) while a temperature of about 166-198 ° C seems to be optimal for a nylon yarn of 30 denier and 10 threads.

Temperaturen pa upphettningsplaten. liar medtagits, emedan det under normala arbetsforhallanden Sr svart att mata den exakta temperaturen hos det Over den skarpa eggen passerande garnet, men det är tydligt av det fOregaende, att den verkligt viktiga synpunkten. Sr garnets temperatur, nar det kontaktar kniveggen. FOr alla garner med en viss konstruktion och kemisk sammansattning finnes ett vãl definierat temperaturomrade vid denna punkt och variationerna i temperaturerna hos upphettningsplaten, som avail anforts, ha endast nodvandiggjorts ph grund av andra variabler. Fastan den exakta lagre arbetsgransen f Or en viss typ av garn, nar det kontaktar den skarpa eggen, varierar .med garnets titer, kan det hell aIlmant sagas, att den lagre gransen dr den temperatur, som ar tillracklig for att atminstone till storsta delen frigora de spanningar, som normalt finnas i garnet eller med andra ord ar tillracklig for att frigora garnet frau en stor del av den resterande krympningen i detsamma. Nar garnet passerar Over upphettningsanordningen, Sr det under en sadan lag spanning att del; lätt sammandrager sig och en temperatur som resulterar i att garnet sammandrager sig i sadan grad aft det har en resterande krympfling av icke mer an c:a 1-5 % yid tidpunkten for kontakten med den skarpa eggen ar i allmanhet tillraeklig for att operativa forhallanden skola fareligga. F5r .nylongarn vane-ran den Ogre .operativa temperaturen fran e:a 82° G .for typ 200 15 denier, enkeltradigt upp till e:a 116° C for garner som arc svara att elasticera. Den ovre operativa temperaturgransen for garnet nar det kommer i kontakt med den skarpa eggen Sr i allmanhet den temperatur vid vilken garnet borjar ha bena.genhet att klibba vid de ytor med vilka det kommer i kontakt eller som det a.ven benamnes, garnets »klibbningstemperatur». For de fiesta typer av nylon ligger klibbningstemperaturen i narheten av 230° G. Den optimala ternperaturen for den termoplastiska strangen nfir den kontaktar den skarpa eggen varierar med ett antal faktorer, sasom titer och kemisk sammansattning och i allmanhet maste den bestammas empiriskt for varje garn. Det har exernpelvis vid verklig drift visat sig, att den optimala temperaturen for nylongarn typ 200 15. denier, enkeltradigt an .omkring 160-1710 C och att optimala temperaturen for nylongarn typ 200 70 denier, 34 enkeltradar, är c:a 170-188° G. Ett enken forsok, som visat sig vara av visst varde fOr uppskattning av den. optimala temperaturen fOr alla slags garner, bestir i att den spanning mates som utvecklas i en viss langd av garnet nar temperaturen 6— — hajes. Nfir garntemperaturen hojes nas en. punkt, dar den i garnet utvecklade spanning-en sjunker hastigt, och denna punkt ãr i allmanhet nara optimum for passage av garn av denna speciella garntyp Over den skarpa eggen. The temperature of the heating plate. liar has been included, because under normal working conditions it is difficult to feed the exact temperature of the yarn passing over the sharp edge, but it is clear from the foregoing that the really important point of view. Turn the temperature of the yarn when it contacts the knife wall. For all yarns with a certain construction and chemical composition, there is a well-defined temperature range at this point and the variations in the temperatures of the heating plate, which are used, have only been made necessary due to other variables. Although the exact lower working limit for a certain type of yarn, when it contacts the sharp edge, varies with the titer of the yarn, it can be generally said that the lower limit is the temperature which is sufficient to release at least for the most part the stresses which are normally present in the yarn or in other words are sufficient to release the yarn from a large part of the remaining shrinkage therein. When the yarn passes over the heating device, it is under such a layer of tension to divide; easily contracts and a temperature which results in the yarn contracting to such an extent that it has a residual shrinkage of no more than about 1-5% yid the time of contact with the sharp edge is generally sufficient for operative conditions to dangerous. For nylon yarns accustomed to the Ogre .operative temperature from about 82 ° G .for type 200 15 denier, single-stranded up to about 116 ° C for yarns which arc respond to elasticity. The upper operating temperature limit for the yarn when it comes in contact with the sharp edge is generally the temperature at which the yarn begins to tend to stick at the surfaces with which it comes into contact or as it is also called, the yarn 'sticking temperature. ». For most types of nylon, the tack temperature is close to 230 ° G. The optimum temperature for the thermoplastic strand before it contacts the sharp edge varies with a number of factors, such as titer and chemical composition, and in general it must be determined empirically for each yarn. It has been found, for example, in actual operation, that the optimum temperature for nylon yarn type 200 15. denier, single-line around 160-1710 ° C and that the optimum temperature for nylon yarn type 200 70 denier, 34 single-radar, is about 170-188 ° G. A simple experiment, which proved to be of a certain value for the appreciation of it. optimum temperature for all kinds of yarns, consists in that the tension is fed which develops in a certain length of the yarn when the temperature is 6— - hajes. Nfir yarn temperatures rise nas en. point, where the tension developed in the yarn drops rapidly, and this point is generally near the optimum for the passage of yarn of this particular yarn type over the sharp edge.

Fastan det icke fir absolut nodvandigt att det termoplastiska garnet kyles, sedan det bringats i kontakt med den skarpa eggen, är kylning vanligen mera lämplig an att garnet far bibehalla en hog temperatur och i de fiesta fall resulterar en snabb sankning av temperaturen i en battre produkt, emedan de spanningar som garnet forlanats genom att det boj ts over i en skarp vinkel darigenom goras mera permanenta. Ett lampligt satt att hyla garnet bestfir i att en rak sektion astadkommes i garnets linjara vag omedelbart efter kontakten med den skarpa eggen och att denna raka sektion helt Tar exponeras i atmosfaren, sa att garnet kyles av luftstrommar. En annan och i allmanhet mera tillfredsstallande metod är att garnet hringas att passera I kontakt med en kall metallyta t. ex. sidan av knivbladet, nar detta är sa belaget, att det icke upphettas till hag temperatur av upphettningsanordningen. Andra anordningar for kylning av garnet efter kontakten med den. skarpa eggen framga utan vidare for lackmannen. Although it is not absolutely necessary for the thermoplastic yarn to be cooled after it has been brought into contact with the sharp edge, cooling is usually more suitable than allowing the yarn to maintain a high temperature and in most cases a rapid lowering of the temperature results in a better product. , because the tensions that the yarn has been extended by bending over at a sharp angle thereby become more permanent. An appropriate way to wrap the yarn is to ensure that a straight section is created in the yarn's linear wave immediately after contact with the sharp edge and that this straight section is completely exposed to the atmosphere, so that the yarn is cooled by air drums. Another and generally more satisfactory method is that the yarn is ringed to pass in contact with a cold metal surface e.g. the side of the knife blade, when this is so coated, that it is not heated to high temperature by the heating device. Other devices for cooling the yarn after contact with it. the sharp edges appear readily to the painter.

Sedan det sammansatta garnet framstallts och uppsamlats pa spindeln i tvinningsmaskinen maste de latenta spanningarna i en eller flera av garnets komponenter frigOras for erhallande av maximal elasticitet. Sasom ovan angivits ar det en fordel, att frigorandet av dessa spanningar kan uppskj utas, tills garnet vavts eller stickats till ett tyg, sa. att hehandling av ett livligt garn icke är nodvandigt men att elasticieten kan ,framkallas i garnet, innan det formas till tyg om sa onskas. Detta kan astadkommas i nagon grad genom att garnet helt enkelt far ligga i avslappat och fritt till-stand under nagra dygn eller veckor vid rumstemperatur, men detta Sr i allmanhet olampligt och lager for lang tid vid massproduktion. En mera fullstandig och snabbare avslappning kan uppnas genom upphettning av garnet i fritt tillstand till en temperatur av minst 50° C men under de termoplastiska komponenternas smaltpunkt och lampligen under e:a 230° C. Om garnet vfives eller spinnes till tyger, innan elasticiteten framkallas, kan garnets elastiska natur framkallas genom att tyget i lOst tillstand utsattes for en liknande varmebehandling. Fastan detta icke utgor foremal for foreliggande uppfinning liar det visat sig, att de Vista resultaten erhallas genom att tyget inledes i ett kallt vattenbad och temperaturen sa smaningom hojes till minst 60° C under omroring for att sakerstalla att fibrerna icke varmehardas, innan de avslappats. After the composite yarn has been produced and collected on the spindle of the twisting machine, the latent stresses in one or more of the components of the yarn must be released to obtain maximum elasticity. As stated above, it is an advantage that the release of these tensions can be postponed until the yarn is woven or knitted into a fabric, so. that the handling of a lively yarn is not necessary, but that the elasticity can be developed in the yarn, before it is formed into fabric if desired. This can be achieved to some extent by the yarn simply being left in a relaxed and free state for a few days or weeks at room temperature, but this is generally unsuitable and stored for a long time during mass production. A more complete and faster relaxation can be achieved by heating the yarn in the free state to a temperature of at least 50 ° C but below the melting point of the thermoplastic components and preferably below about 230 ° C. If the yarn is woven or spun into fabrics, before the elasticity is developed , the elastic nature of the yarn can be induced by subjecting the fabric in a loose state to a similar heat treatment. Although this is not the subject of the present invention, it has been found that the Vista results are obtained by initiating the fabric in a cold water bath and gradually raising the temperature to at least 60 ° C with stirring to ensure that the fibers do not heat cure before relaxing.

Claims

Patent claim: 1. A process for producing a twisted yarn, consisting of two yarn components having a different tendency to curl, in which a synthetic, organic, thermoplastic, hydrophobic yarn of spiritless threads is guided at an angle over a sharp edge, which is coated in the angular tip of the web, and at which the yarn is heated, said. that it comes into contact with the sharp edge at elevated temperature, as can be seen, all other yarn is joined to the first-mentioned yarn, after this has passed over the sharp edge, after which the two yarns are twisted together. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, consisting of a yarn supply device, a blade device with a sharp edge, devices intended to guide the yarn from the yarn supply device around the blade device in an angular path with the sharp edge coated at the tip of the angle, heating devices for heating the yarn, so that it is at elevated temperature, dO. it passes around the edge, and a twisting device, can be drawn: NT, that the device also comprises a. second yarn supply device and devices, which simultaneously feed the first-mentioned yarn, after contacting the edge, and another yarn free the second supply device to the twisting device for winding the yarns. Twisted yarn made according to claim 1 and consisting of two yarn components with different tendency to curl, characterized in that one component consists of a synthetic, organic, thermoplastic, hydrophobic yarn of spiritless threads, which are latent internal stresses. , which can be released by heating, said that the threads are forced to curl, and that the second component consists of a yarn which has no tendency to curl when heated.

Twisted yarn according to claim 3, characterized in that one component consists of nylon and the other component of a yarn spun from staple fibers, i.e. cotton or wool. Request publications: Patents from France 1,082,270; United Kingdom 558 297; USA 2 218 633, 2245. 874.