SE183364C1

SE183364C1 -

Info

Publication number: SE183364C1
Authority: SE
Publication date: 1963-01-01

Description

Uppfinnare: 0 Achenbach och 0 Schwab Prioritet begard Iran den 5 september 1955 (Schweiz) FOreliggande uppfirming avser en artilleriteknisk skjutOvningsapparat, vid vilken ilksom vid stridspjaser olika eldrOr dro pa kant satt monterbara I lagerskalarna pa en lavett. En dylik apparat skall vara svangbar kring en vertikal axeltapp mer an 360 grader, svangbar vertikalt i horisontella tapplager mellan —8 grader och + 90 grader, samt vara forsedd med sidriktnings- och hojdriktningsinrattningar. Apparaten ãr avsedd att anvandas i fria terra.ngen under ballistisk inverkan av atmosfariska forhallanden och bOr kunna anyandas f5r fob ande ovningsandamal: 1) avfyring av enkelskott genom en instickspipa for 6 mm projektiler, da. man onskar askadliggora skottspridningen pa en vertikal skiva. 2) avfyring av enkelskott med exempelvis 14 eller 16 mm kaliber for ballistiska undervisningsskjutningar i fria terrangen, varvid pjasen skall kunna anvandas som latt kanon for flackbaneskjutning med mindre an 45 graders elevation och med malavstand av 800-1000 in med en utgangshastighet vo, exempelvis 150 m/s. som haubits, granatkastare eller minkastare med branta utgangsvinklar storre an 45 grader och med olika vo, exempelvis mellan 100 och 120 m/s. 3) som snabbeldsvapen, pansarvarnskanon, luftvdrnskanon fOr beskjutning av rorliga mark- och luftmal pa ett aystand av c:a 300 m. 4) branta skjutningar f Or meteorologiska matningar anda till vertikalskjutningar for optiska, akustiska och radartekniska skjutningar. 5) som latt kanon for avfyring av raketsalvor for dimbildning vid taktiska ovningar. 6) Vid dylik anvandning av apparaten onskar man ej i forsta hand efterlikna handgreppen vid stridspjaser i forminskad skala. Inventors: 0 Achenbach and 0 Schwab Priority requested by Iran on 5 September 1955 (Switzerland) The present invention relates to an artillery technical firing apparatus, in which, as in combat jets, various fire drills were mounted on the edge of the bearing shells on a barrel. Such an apparatus must be pivotable about a vertical pivot more than 360 degrees, pivotable vertically in horizontal pivot bearings between -8 degrees and + 90 degrees, and be provided with lateral and vertical directions. The device is intended for use in free terrain under the ballistic influence of atmospheric conditions and should be able to be used for the purpose of training: 1) firing single shots through a 6 mm projectile barrel, then. it is desired to ash the shot spread on a vertical disc. 2) firing of single shots with, for example, 14 or 16 mm caliber for ballistic training shootings in the open terrain, whereby the piece can be used as a light cannon for flat track shooting with less than 45 degrees elevation and with grinding distance of 800-1000 in with an output speed vo, for example 150 m / s. such as howitzers, grenade launchers or minesweepers with steep starting angles greater than 45 degrees and with different voyages, for example between 100 and 120 m / s. 3) as rapid-fire weapons, anti-tank guns, anti-aircraft guns for shelling moving ground and air targets at a range of about 300 m. 4) steep shots f Oreeorological feeds spirit to vertical shots for optical, acoustic and radar shots. 5) as a light cannon for firing rocket volleys for fog formation during tactical exercises. 6) In the case of such use of the apparatus, it is not desired in the first instance to imitate the handles of combat pieces on a reduced scale.

I stallet efterstravas att med en finkalibrig skjutovningsapparat kunna utftira skjutningar under samma fysikaliska och ballistiska betingelser som upptrada vid stridsskjutning I fria atmosfaren, varvid i del narmaste stridsmassiga avstand for den optiska och akustiska skjutmatningen skall kunna anvandas samtidigt som projektilernas flygtid paverkas av de atmosfariska fOrhallandena. Harvid skall stridsmassiga rikt- och observationsanordningar anvandas. Instead, the aim is to be able to perform firing with a fine-caliber firing apparatus under the same physical and ballistic conditions as occurred during firing in the free atmosphere, whereby the closest combat distance for the optical and acoustic firing can be used while affecting the projectile flight times. In this case, combat-oriented aiming and observation devices shall be used.

Foreliggande uppfinning avser att astadkomma en artilleriteknisk skjutovningsapparat av del inledningsvis angivna utforandet, som i mojligaste man uppfyller ovannamnda onskemal och som liar samma installniugsmojligheter som sadana vapen som kanoner, haubitsar, luftvarnskanoner, pansarvarnskanoner, raketkastare. Enligt uppfinningen markes en dylik skjutovningsapparat eller Ovningsskjutvapen vasentligen av att en med sidriktningsinrattning forsedd, belt kringvridbar overdel am anordnad pa ett transportabelt stativ eller en pa marken eller ett for-don fast anordnad sockel, som är konstruerad for att endast kunna upptaga de vid skjutning med finkalibrig ammunition upptra.dande masskrafterna och som uppbar ett enda par horisontella lagerskalar for montering av mot varandra utbytbara, finkalibriga eldror, och att eldrOrens vridtappar aro kopplingsbara med en pa overdelen anordnad hojdriktningsinrattning. Eldroret dr utbytbart mot ett enkelror med patronmagasin, exempelvis i form av en revolvertrumma, eller atbytbart mot ett flerrorsblock med enskilda forslutningar fOr vart och ett av roren eller en blockforslutning far samtliga mom eller utbytbart mot en for avfyrning av raketsalvor avsedd finkalibrig raketbarare forsedd med flera rekylstyrbanor eller rekylfria r5r. The present invention is intended to provide an artillery technical firing apparatus of some of the initially stated embodiments, which as far as possible fulfills the above-mentioned wish lists and which has the same installation possibilities as such weapons as cannons, howitzers, anti-aircraft guns, anti-tank guns, rocket launchers. According to the invention, such a firing exercise apparatus or training firearm is substantially marked by the fact that a laterally provided, belt-rotatable upper part is arranged on a transportable stand or a base mounted on the ground or a vehicle, which is designed to be able to receive only when shooting with fine-caliber ammunition occurring mass forces and which carried a single pair of horizontal bearing shells for mounting interchangeable, fine-caliber firearms, and that the pivot pins of the firearms are connectable with a height-adjusting device arranged on the upper part. The electric rudder is exchangeable for a single rudder with a cartridge magazine, for example in the form of a revolver drum, or replaceable for a multi-rudder block with individual closures for each of the rudders or a block closure for all units or replaceable for a fine-caliber rocket launcher equipped with several recoil guide tracks or recoilless r5r.

En som spridningsror anvand rafflad in- 2— stickspipa for exempelvis 6 mm blyprojektiler kan anvandas tillsammans med sidriktnings- och hOj driktningsinrattningarna for riktade flackbaneskott mot skivor pa ett avstand av ungefar 50 m, varvid vinkelkorrektioner kunna utforas i sidled och hojdled i motsats till vad fallet fir vid ett infa.nterihandvapen. Medelst en in.stickspipa med en svagt konisk utvidgning vid den sista tredjedelen av pipans langd, vilken utvidgning uppgar till 1/100-1/10 mm, kan man salunda med oforandrad inriktning av loppet astadkomma en bestamd traffbild, som erhalles pa en vertikal sldva eller en brant sluttning och bildar en traffbild med en diameter av 10, 20 eller 40 cm Mr pavisande av spridningslagarna under tillampning av sannolikhetskalkyl. Genom att uttaga instickspipan erhalles en andring av pipans kaliber och skottvidden, varigenom en trfiffbild i horisontalplanet vid storre skottvidd erhalles under inverkan av atmosfaren. As a spreading tube using a knurled 2-pipe for example 6 mm lead projectiles can be used together with the lateral and high directional devices for directed flat track shots against discs at a distance of approximately 50 m, whereby angular corrections can be made laterally and vertically as opposed to the case. fir at an infantry handgun. By means of an insertion barrel with a slightly conical extension at the last third of the length of the barrel, which extension amounts to 1 / 100-1 / 10 mm, one can thus with unchanged orientation of the barrel achieve a definite hit image, which is obtained on a vertical sldva or a steep slope and forms a hit image with a diameter of 10, 20 or 40 cm Mr. pointing out the scattering laws while applying probability calculation. By removing the insertion barrel, a change in the barrel's caliber and firing range is obtained, whereby a hit image in the horizontal plane at larger firing ranges is obtained under the influence of the atmosphere.

For stridsandamal kan en latt faltkanon ej anvandas som haubits och en pansarvarnskanon ej som luftvarnskanon. For artilleristern.as grundlaggande utbildning ár det emellertid andamalsenligt, om man genom utbyte av vapnets eldror kan anvanda vapnet som ballistiskt undervisningsvapen med enkelror eller magasinsvapen for snabbeld mot rorliga mark- eller luftmal for alla elevationer eller kan andra vapnet for avfyrning av raketsalvor. Vapnets diopter eller liknande kan utbytas mot en panoramakikare. Den losbart satta kvadranten kan utbytas mot en hojdriktningsbage, som forbindes losbart med en tapp pa eldroret. Vidare kunna de vanliga malsiikningsanordningarna for bekampande av luftmal auvandas. For combat purposes, a light field cannon cannot be used as a howitzer and an armored warning cannon can not be used as an air defense cannon. For the artilleryman's basic training, however, it is essential if, by exchanging the weapon's firearms, the weapon can be used as a ballistic training weapon with single rudders or magazine weapons for rapid fire against moving ground or air targets for all elevations or other weapons for firing rocket volleys. The weapon's diopter or similar can be exchanged for a panoramic binoculars. The releasably placed quadrant can be exchanged for a height-directioning bag, which is releasably connected to a pin on the electric tube. Furthermore, the usual grinding devices for controlling air grinding can be used.

For det finkalibriga ovningsvapnet enligt uppfinningen anvandes en finkalibrig ammunition, sorn skall vara sá beskaf fad, att de enskilda projektilerna firo utforda med olika kraftiga fasta drivsatser, vilka aro sa avpassade, att de astadkomma en liten utgangshastighet av 100-150 an/s och mojliggora branta utgingsvinklar. Harigenom kan man minska malavstandet och skjutbanan ungefar i forhallandet 1: 10. De branta utgangsvinklarna med varierande utgangshastighet mojligOr en anpassning av flygbanan efter terrangen, overskjutning air hinder och val air passande infallsvinkel bakom hinder. Harigenom erhaller man en efterlikning av forhallandena vid skjutning med stor elevation med haubitsar, min- eller granatkastare. Vidare bliva flygtiderna for projektilerna jamforbara med flygtiderna for projektilerna vid skjutning pa stridsavstand. Da man onskar anpassa skjutningen. ,efter stridsforhallanden, malavstand och malstorlekar genom reducering i fOrhallandet 1: 10, motsvara vinkelhastigheterna for det rorliga malet ungefar vinkelhastigheterna vid stridsavstand, varvid flygtiden for finkalibriga ovningsprojektiler ungeffir motsvara stridsprojektilernas flygtid vid stridsavstand, sa att aven tiden for matning, framforhallfling och skjutobservationer avensom den erforderliga riktningshastigheten motsvara stridsforhallanden. For the fine-caliber training weapon according to the invention, a fine-caliber ammunition was used, which must be of such a design that the individual projectiles can be challenged with different strong fixed propulsion kits, which are so adapted that they achieve a small output speed of 100-150 an / s and enable steep starting angles. This allows you to reduce the grinding distance and the shooting range approximately in the ratio 1:10. The steep exit angles with varying exit speeds are possible. An adaptation of the flight path to the terrain, overhanging air obstacles and choosing an appropriate angle of approach behind obstacles. This gives an imitation of the conditions when shooting with high elevation with howitzers, minesweepers or grenade launchers. Furthermore, the flight times of the projectiles become comparable to the flight times of the projectiles when firing at combat distance. When you want to adjust the shooting. , after combat ratios, grinding distance and grinding sizes by reduction in the ratio 1:10, the angular velocities of the movable grind correspond approximately to the angular velocities at combat distance, the flight time for fine caliber training projectiles roughly corresponding to the combat projectile's flight time. required directional speed correspond to combat conditions.

Pa bifogade ritning visas en lfimplig utforingsform av en skjutovningsapparat eller ett ovningsskjutvapen enligt uppfinningen vid dess anvandning med olika utbytbara finkalibriga eldrtir. The accompanying drawing shows a suitable embodiment of a firing exercise apparatus or an firing firearm according to the invention in its use with various interchangeable fine-caliber firearms.

Fig. 1 ar en sidovy av apparaten enligt uppfinningen anbragt pa ett stativ, fig. 2 är en sidovy air apparaten forsedd med en instickspipa med mindre kaliber och som liar sin egen forslutningsdel, fig. 3 fir en sidovy av apparaten forsedd med en raketbarare, fig. 4 ar en sektion genom raketbararen enligt linj en IV —IV, fig. 5 visar apparaten utford som flerskottsanordning, och fig, 6 visar apparaten med ett flerrorssystem och bloekforslutning. Fig. 1 is a side view of the apparatus according to the invention mounted on a stand, Fig. 2 is a side view of the apparatus provided with a plug-in barrel of smaller caliber and which has its own closing part, Fig. 3 is a side view of the apparatus provided with a rocket launcher, Fig. 4 is a section through the rocket carrier according to lines IV-IV, Fig. 5 shows the apparatus challenge as a multi-shot device, and Fig. 6 shows the apparatus with a multi-tube system and block closure.

Skjutovningsapparaten är forsedd med ett stalrorsstativ med tre ben 1. Pa stativets hasplatta 2 fir anordnad en sockellavett 3, 4, vars underdel 3 Or fastskruvbar pa stativplattan 2 medelst en skruv 5. Sockellavettens overdel 4 Or svangbart anordnad pa underdelen 3 me-deist en vertikal axeltapp. Vid underdelen 3 bef inner sig kuggkransen f8r sidriktinrattningens drivanordning. Overdelen 4 är utford med ett hus for en medelst en sidriktningsratt 6 vridbar sidriktningsskruv, som under inverkan av en fjader ingriper i den i underdelen 3 befintliga sidriktningskransen och vid vridning av sidriktningsratten 6 astadkommer en svangning air overdelen 4 pa underdelen 3. Overdelen 4 Or forsedd med tva sidstyeken med uppfallbara rortapplager 7 fOr anbringande air eldroret 9 i fig. 1, den i fig. 3 visade raketbararen 21, den i fig. 5 visade flerskottsanordningen eller den i fig. 6 visade skjutapparaten med flerrorssystem. Alla dessa olika finkalibriga ovningsvapen aro forsedda med tva horiSontella tappar 8. Dessa tappar 8 Oro anbragta i saanma plan som eldrorets karnlinje, med undantag for den rekylfria raketbararen i fig. 3. The sliding exercise apparatus is provided with a steel tube stand with three legs 1. On the hasp plate 2 of the stand is arranged a base plate 3, 4, the lower part 3 of which can be screwed onto the frame plate 2 by means of a screw 5. The base part 4 is pivotally arranged on the lower part 3 with a vertical shoulder pin. At the lower part 3 is the gear ring for the drive device of the lateral directional device. The upper part 4 is challenged with a housing for a lateral screw rotatable by means of a lateral knob 6, which under the action of a spring engages in the lateral ring present in the lower part 3 and when the lateral knob 6 is rotated causes a pivot of the upper part 4 on the lower part 3. with two side pieces with collapsible rudder bearing bearings 7 for mounting the air barrel 9 in Fig. 1, the rocket carrier 21 shown in Fig. 3, the multi-shot device shown in Fig. 5 or the multi-rudder system firing apparatus shown in Fig. 6. All of these different fine-caliber training weapons are provided with two horizontal pins 8. These pins 8 Aro are arranged in planes such as the core line of the barrel, with the exception of the recoilless rocket carrier in Fig. 3.

Vid det vanstra sidstyeket fir fast en sidriktningsarm 10, och mellan sidstyckena befinner sig en anordning fOr hojdinstallningen med en hojdriktningsratt 11. HOjdaiktinrattningen bestar av en i ett skruvhus lagrad hojdriktskruv, som ingriper i en vid undersidan air roret 9 anordnad hojdriktkrans 12 med vinkeldrivning. A lateral arm 10 is fixed to the left side piece, and between the side pieces there is a device for the height installation with a height direction knob 11. The height guide device consists of a height direction screw mounted in a screw housing, which engages in a height direction ring 12 arranged at the underside of the tube 9.

PA Overdelen 4 fir anordnad ett vattenpass 13 for installning av vapnet i horisontalplanet. P. sidriktarmen 10 Or anordnad en horisontalriktbage 14. PA Upper part 4 is provided with a spirit level 13 for installing the weapon in the horizontal plane. P. the side guide arm 10 Or arranged a horizontal guide bag 14.

Vid sockelns overdel 4 Or slutligen anordnad en hojdvinkelmatare, som bestar air en basplatta, 15 i form air en kvadrant, en installningsskiva 16 och en libellskiva 17. Basplattan Or vid sin kant forsedd med en streakindelning fran 0 till 1600 med uppdelning i — —3 10-tal. Installningssldvan 16 manovreras medelst en mikrometeranordning, som bestar av en i basplattans -kuggkrans ingripande skruv med en skruvaxel och ett rafflat huvud 18. Finally arranged at the upper part 4 Or a high angle feeder, which consists of a base plate, 15 in the form of a quadrant, an installation plate 16 and a level plate 17. The base plate Or is provided at its edge with a streak division from 0 to 1600 with division into - —3 10-tal. The installation sleeve 16 is operated by means of a micrometer device, which consists of a screw engaging in the ring plate of the base plate with a screw shaft and a knurled head 18.

Eldroret 9 kan exempelvis ha en kaliber av 14,5 mm eller 16 mm. Vid dess bakre ande befinner sig kvadrantytan for pasattning av en kvadrant. Itorets elevationsomrade ligger mellan —8 och +90 grader. The electric tube 9 can, for example, have a caliber of 14.5 mm or 16 mm. At its rear end is the quadrant surface for passing a quadrant. Itoret's elevation range is between -8 and +90 degrees.

I fig. 2 visas vapnet med en rafflad instickspipa 19 med en kaliber av exempelvis 6 mm och som är forsedd med en egen forslutning och en mynningsforskruvning 20. Fig. 2 shows the weapon with a knurled insert barrel 19 with a caliber of, for example, 6 mm and which is provided with its own closure and a muzzle screw connection 20.

I fig. 3 och 4 ar istallet for eldroret insatt en barare 21 for flera raketer for avfyrning av raketsalvor. In Figs. 3 and 4, instead of the electric tube, a carrier 21 is inserted for several rockets for firing rocket volleys.

I fig. 5 visas vapnet omandrat for avfyrning av flera skott, varvid patronerna matas fram frau en patrontrumma 22. Denna skjutanordning har ett enda eldror 9, och kan anvandas foretradesvis for ljussparskott utan anslagstandare vid snabbeld mot rorliga markoch luftmal. liven for skott med tidror for astadkommande av en serie luftkrevader f8r snabba matandamal är anordningen lamplig. Fig. 5 shows the weapon unchanged for firing several shots, the cartridges being fed from a cartridge drum 22. This firing device has a single firearm 9, and can be used preferably for light-saving shots without stop guns in rapid fire against moving ground and air moths. the life of shots with tides for the production of a series of air cranes for fast feeding purposes, the device is suitable.

Fig. 6 visar ett flerrorsvapen 23, 24 med hlockforslutning 25 och tillhorande fOrreglingsanordning 26. Med delta vapen, exempelvis med fyra r5r, avfyras foretradesvis projektiler med anslagstandare, lysspar och/eller tidror. Harvid sker avfyrningen i form av salvor eller seriesnabbeld, sarskilt mot rorliga markmal. Fig. 6 shows a multi-tube weapon 23, 24 with lid closure 25 and associated interlocking device 26. With delta weapons, for example with four tubes, projectiles are preferably fired with stop posts, light pairs and / or tides. In this case, the firing takes place in the form of volleys or series rapid fire, especially against moving ground targets.

Tapparna 8 far raketbararen 21, apparaten enligt 5 och flerrorssystemet enligt fig. 6 ha samma utforande som tapparna 8 hos apparaten enligt fig. 1 och 2. Hojdriktkransen 12 är ulford lika yid alla de inbordes utbythara ovningsvapnen, sa alt varje hojdriktkrans kan samverka med den mellan 8verdelens 4 sidstycken anordnade hojdriktskruyen. The pins 8 of the rocket carrier 21, the apparatus according to 5 and the multi-tube system according to Fig. 6 have the same design as the pins 8 of the apparatus according to Figs. 1 and 2. The high direction ring 12 is equal to all inboard exchangeable training weapons, so that each high direction ring can cooperate with it. the high-pressure screw arranged between the 4 side pieces of the 8-part.

Claims

Patent claim:

Artillery technical firing exercise apparatus, in which, as in combat jets, various firearms were mounted on the bearing shells on a ledge on a ledge, characterized by all a completely rotatable upper part (4) provided with a lateral rigging device (6) arranged on a transportable stand or on a ground or a vehicle fixed base (1), which is designed to accommodate only the mass forces occurring during firing with fine-caliber ammunition and which carried a single pair of horizontal bearing shells (7) for mounting interchangeable, fine-caliber firearms ( 9; 21; 23, 24), and that the pivot pins (8) of the electric tubes can be connected with a high-direction device (11, 12, 15-18) arranged on the upper part (4).

Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a single-pipe electric tube (9) with a pair of bearing pins (8), one of which is provided with a coupling member for the height-direction device (11, 12, 15-18, Fig. 1). Apparatus according to claim 2, Unsigned by a plug-in pipe (19) which can be inserted into the electric tube, which Sr is conically widened at its mouth (Fig. 2). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a single-barreled electric tube with a cartridge magazine (22) and bearing pins (8), one of which is provided with a coupling member for the high directional device (11, 12, 15-18, Fig. 5). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a multi-tube block (23, 24) provided with a common bolt or block closure (25) for all electric tubes and with bearing pins (8), one of which is provided with a coupling member for the high directional device (11, 12, 15-18, Fig. 6). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by a Niue (21) for fine caliber rockets, as Sr provided with a Herta 'slides or recoilless root. f The rockets, this carrier Sr being provided with bearing pins (8), of which one Sr is provided with a coupling means for the height alignment device (11, 12, 15-18, Fig. 3). Request publications: Patents Iran Sweden 103 258; Germany 920 112; USA 626351, 2 674 92

3. Stockholm 1963. Kungl. Boktr. P. A. Norstedt & Saner. 630089 GENERAL STABENS LI