RU98539U1 - DEVICE FOR THERMAL DISCONTINUATION OF LIQUID TOXIC WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

 A device for thermal neutralization of liquid toxic waste containing a metal box with a lid, inside of which there is a metal pipe-heat exchanger fixed to the supports, on the left side of which there is a combustion chamber, and on the right is a cast-iron pipe for exhaust gases, equipped with an afterburner, an injection device , a fuel supply system and a channel for supplying hot air to a combustion chamber, a channel for supplying liquid toxic waste to a caisson, instrumentation, a homogenizer, a compound connected with a fuel supply system, a device for supplying a combustion catalyst to the homogenizer, a channel for supplying liquid toxic waste, a channel for supplying hot air heated by the combustion energy of the liquid waste-fuel emulsion, which is formed in the homogenizer and doped with a combustion catalyst, which is then fed to the combustion chamber through the feed channel of the fuel mixture, while the economizer input is connected to the fuel supply system, and the output is connected to a homogenizer, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air heating device, Formation in the right portion of the metal pipe, the heat exchanger between the economizer and the iron pipe for flue gases, which is provided by post-combustion device of the electric discharge.

Description

The proposed solution relates to thermal neutralization of liquid toxic industrial waste and can be used as part of technical complexes designed for the complete neutralization of this type of waste.

A device is known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2159392, which describes the invention related to the fire neutralization of liquid waste.

According to a well-known technical solution, the device includes a waste collector, a waste evaporation device, a device for additional heating of a steam-gas mixture of neutralized waste, filters and a furnace for burning solid waste.

Liquid wastes containing mineral and organic components enter the collection tank and are then sent for evaporation.

Evaporation products are mixed with hot air and sent for drying and subsequent cleaning on filters. The solid phase of the waste resulting from evaporation is sent to the incinerator.

Flue gases from burning solid phase waste are used to heat the waste entering the collection. The device provides for additional heating of the steam-gas mixture of the waste to be neutralized, while the thermal energy of the gas-vapor mixture is used to additionally heat the waste entering the collection.

The main disadvantage of the device is that the waste disposal technological cycle contains two positive feedbacks, which, even if there is a slight violation of the adjustments, can lead to self-excitation of the system, and the resonant effects resulting from this, as a rule, lead to emergency situations.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device is a device for the disposal of liquid toxic waste (RF patent No. 78901).

It contains a metal box with a lid, a metal pipe-heat exchanger fixed to the supports, a combustion chamber, a cast-iron pipe for exhaust gases, an injection device, a homogenizer, an economizer and a combustion catalyst supply device.

Liquid toxic waste is fed into the caisson. Fuel enters the economizer and then into the homogenizer at the same time as the liquid toxic waste. In the combustion chamber, the fuel mixture “liquid waste-fuel” is doped with a combustion catalyst. The resulting vapor through the injector enters the high-temperature zone, where toxic substances are degraded into elementary compounds. Then, through the gas outlet, the products formed enter the atmosphere.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of secondary devices for fine purification and binding of phosphorous, chlorine and sulfur compounds.

The aim of the proposed solution is to increase the productivity and efficiency of the device and improve the quality of neutralization of liquid toxic waste.

This is achieved by the fact that the device for the disposal of liquid toxic waste containing a metal caisson with a lid, inside which there is a metal pipe-heat exchanger fixed to the supports, in the left part of which there is a combustion chamber, and in the right - a cast-iron pipe for exhaust gases, an injection device, fuel supply system and a channel for supplying hot air to the combustion chamber, a channel for supplying liquid toxic waste to the caisson, instrumentation, a homogenizer connected to the top system a device for supplying a combustion catalyst to the homogenizer, a channel for supplying liquid toxic waste, a channel for supplying hot air heated by the combustion energy of the liquid waste-fuel emulsion, which is formed in the homogenizer and doped with a combustion catalyst, which is then fed to the combustion chamber through the fuel supply channel mixture, while the economizer input is connected to the fuel supply system, and the output is connected to a homogenizer, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air heating device installed in the right hour and a metal-pipe heat exchanger between the economizer and the cast iron pipe for flue gases, which is provided by post-combustion device of the electric discharge.

The inventive combination of structural elements and relationships allows us to solve the problem.

When studying well-known technical solutions in this technical field, the totality of features that distinguish the claimed object was not identified. This solution differs from the known ones.

Presented in the figure, the drawing explains the essence of the proposed technical solution.

In FIG. a functional diagram of a device for the disposal of liquid toxic waste.

The proposed device (see Fig.) Contains a metal caisson 1 with a cover 2. Inside the caisson 1 there is a metal pipe-heat exchanger 3 mounted on supports 4. On the left side of the pipe-heat exchanger 3 there is a combustion chamber 5, and on the right is a cast-iron pipe 6 for exhaust gases. In this case, the pipe 6 is equipped with a device for burning off the exhaust gases by electric discharge 7. The metal pipe-heat exchanger 3 is equipped with an injection device 8, a fuel supply system 9 and a hot air supply channel 10, for more efficient burning of waste. Liquid toxic waste is fed into the caisson 1 through channel 11. In the middle part of the heat exchanger pipe, a water economizer 12 is installed between the combustion chamber 5 and the cast-iron exhaust pipe 6, which has a spiral shape, together with which the air heating device 13 operates, operating in a similar manner . The proposed device for the disposal of liquid toxic waste contains a homogenizer 14, which enriches the fuel with liquid toxic waste, which is fed into it through the channel 15. The homogenizer 14 is connected to the device 16 for supplying a combustion catalyst, which is connected to the channel 10 for supplying hot air. In the homogenizer 14, a thin liquid-fuel-oil emulsion is formed, doped with a combustion catalyst, which is fed through the channel 17 to the combustion chamber 5. The channel 11 for supplying liquid toxic waste to the caisson 1 includes a water pump and a quantity flow meter (not shown in FIG.).

Similarly, an air pump and control or shut-off valves are provided in the hot air passage 10. Instrumentation consists of two thermocouples 18 and a waste level switch 19 located inside the metal pipe-heat exchanger 3. The fuel supply system 9 provides the primary heating of the fuel and its supply to the combustion chamber 5.

The device operates as follows.

Liquid toxic waste through the channel 11 enters the caisson 1, their quantity is recorded by the flow meter-counter quantity. The liquid waste level is controlled by a level 19 relay. The amount of incoming waste is regulated by a shut-off valve. After primary heating, fuel is supplied to the water economizer 12 located inside the pipe-heat exchanger 3, in which additional heating of the fuel takes place. The heated fuel enters the homogenizer 14. At the same time, the liquid toxic waste heated in the caisson 1 enters the homogenizer through the liquid toxic waste supply channel 15, and their supply is carried out due to the hydrostatic pressure determined by the level of liquid toxic waste located in the caisson 1. Adjusting the amount of waste entering the homogenizer 14, is a shut-off valve. Using the device 16, the combustion catalyst enters the homogenizer. The highly homogenized fuel mixture, consisting of a thin liquid-fuel-oil emulsion doped with a combustion catalyst, enters the combustion chamber 5 through a channel 17. The amount of fuel mixture entering the combustion chamber is regulated by a shut-off valve. To equalize the pressures, a pressure transmission channel is provided in the fuel supply system 9 and the catalyst supply device 16 from the air supply channel 10 to the catalyst supply device 16. The air necessary for the combustion of fuel enters the air heating device 13 and then is supplied to the combustion chamber 5 through the air supply channel 10 by means of an air pump. The amount of air supplied and its temperature are regulated by a shut-off valve. In the combustion chamber 5, combustion of the fuel mixture occurs, accompanied by the effective decomposition of toxic waste in the highest temperature combustion zone. In this case, the waste vapor located in the caisson 1 enters the heat exchanger pipe 3 through the injection device 8, where they experience a high-temperature effect, which ensures the neutralization of the toxic substances contained in them. The exhaust gases are discharged from the installation through a cast-iron pipe 6 for exhaust gases, equipped with an exhaust gas afterburner 7 by electric discharge. The temperature in the heat exchanger pipe 3 is controlled by thermocouples 18.

Tests have shown high efficiency of the device, namely an increase in productivity and an increase in the quality of neutralization of liquid toxic waste.

Claims (1)

A device for thermal neutralization of liquid toxic waste containing a metal box with a lid, inside of which there is a metal pipe-heat exchanger fixed to the supports, on the left side of which there is a combustion chamber, and on the right is a cast-iron pipe for exhaust gases, equipped with an afterburner, an injection device , a fuel supply system and a channel for supplying hot air to a combustion chamber, a channel for supplying liquid toxic waste to a caisson, instrumentation, a homogenizer, a compound connected with a fuel supply system, a device for supplying a combustion catalyst to the homogenizer, a channel for supplying liquid toxic waste, a channel for supplying hot air heated by the combustion energy of the liquid waste-fuel emulsion, which is formed in the homogenizer and doped with a combustion catalyst, which is then fed to the combustion chamber on the channel for supplying the fuel mixture, while the economizer input is connected to the fuel supply system, and the output is connected to a homogenizer, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air heating device, Formation in the right portion of the metal pipe, the heat exchanger between the economizer and the iron pipe for flue gases, which is provided by post-combustion device of the electric discharge.