RU97235U1 - SODIUM SOIL AERATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The aerator of soddy soils contains an actuator equipped with working needles and its drive, kinematic associated with the propulsion torque shaft, characterized in that the aerator actuator is made in the form of a platform equipped with connecting elements to the propeller torque shaft, which An industrial motoblock is used, for example, such as the Neva, OKA, Cascade, while the drive of the executive body is made in the form of a crank mechanism and kinematic elements, echivayuschih possibility plane-parallel movement of the actuator body in a vertical longitudinal direction. ! 2. Aerator of sod soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator is made in the form of at least one flat, perforated through holes of the plate, in which the working needles are mounted. ! 3. Aerator of sod soils according to claim 2, characterized in that the perforation of the flat plates is staggered. ! 4. Aerator of turf soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the working needles are solid. ! 5. Aerator of turf soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the working needles are hollow. ! 6. The aerator of sod soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip of the working needle is in the form of a flat bevel on the side opposite to the swing center of the actuator. ! 7. Aerator of turf soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the working needles are oriented tangentially to the circle described by the platform during the working stroke. ! 8. Aerator of sod soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the crank mechanism includes at least a connecting rod mounted on the platform,

Description

The utility model relates to tillage implements intended for surface non-dump soil cultivation and, in particular, for aeration of soddy soils of agricultural fields, garden and household plots, urban lawns, sports fields, for example, football fields and other territories similar in landscape.

From the general level of technology, presented in both patent and scientific and technical sources of information, pedestrian and riding units with trailed and mounted implements are widely known, hereinafter - cultivators, agricultural implements for loosening the soil, row cultivation, destruction of weeds, aeration (saturation of the soil) air), etc.

From US patent No. 3881553, IPC A01B 45/02, published 02/06/1973 known cultivator designed for aeration of the soil, driven by the muscular strength of a person or animal (live drive). This unit is convenient to use when it is necessary to process a small area of soft soil. At the same time, the aeration process is silent, which is very important when, for example, there are people resting in neighboring summer cottages. However, the processing of significant solid areas of soil in area requires significant physical costs and a lot of time.

The use for cultivation of soil, for example, its aeration, walk-behind tractors (with a power unit based on an internal combustion engine or electric motor) can significantly reduce the proportion of manual labor and significantly save time. From foreign sources of information, for example, applications for US patents No. 2008/0053670 A1 (published March 6, 2008), No. 2009/0236106 A1 (published September 24, 2009), both IPC class A01B 45/02, cultivators designed for aeration are known soil and having a drive from motoblocks. Moreover, in the application US No. 2008/0053670 A1 presents the use of mounted tools - aerator, and in the application No. 2009/0236106 A1 presents the use of a trailed aerator. The Oka, Neva, and Cascade motor-blocks mastered by the domestic industry and widely used in practice are widely known (see Manual for Gardeners and Gardeners, MB MB Motor-Blocks, Device, Diagnostics, Repair, Catalog of Main Parts, Attachments and Units , compilers Petukhov A.I., Petukhov A.V., Kotomin O.N., ed. 1997). The named walk-behind tractors are designed to drive numerous mounted and trailed implements and units designed to perform a wide variety of work, for example, on personal plots. In particular, these are milling cutters, cultivators, plows, ridges, dredgers of root crops, wheels with hooks, rakes, mowers, etc.

The prior art device for aeration with the simultaneous injection of liquid substances into the soil, USSR author's certificate No. 1147265 АСС 23/02, published 05/27/1983. The disadvantage of this device is that the executive working body - the needle is not efficient enough to aerate the soil (especially the turf of meadows and pastures). In addition, the design of the device is complex and unreliable in operation.

Also known are "The working body for applying liquid fertilizers to the soil", USSR author's certificate No. 1366090 A1 C 23/02, published 02/25/1986 and "Fertilizer application device", USSR author's certificate No. 1464940 A1 C 23/02, published 22.05. 1986. Their main drawback is the high traction resistance, and therefore they are aggregated, as a rule, by tractors with caterpillar movers, which damage the root system and the vegetative layer of forage land. In this case, soil aeration is performed by the indicated devices in the form of longitudinal continuous slots leading to water erosion and fertilizers are also applied locally.

A common disadvantage of all methods of treating erosion-hazardous soils is that mechanical action is carried out mainly by horizontally installed working bodies in a direction parallel to the soil surface, which also increases the risk of runoff of soil and surface moisture.

Known section of tillage implements, patent RU 2074590, C1, IPC AB 11/00, published on 03/10/1997. The device comprises a frame on which a drive sprocket with a crank is mounted, a L-shaped lever, a slider, a rocker and a bar. The working body (lancet paw) moves in the soil, making plane-parallel movements along a pear-shaped path, the geometrical major axis of which is inclined to the horizon. During deep processing with known tools, the infertile layer is turned on the surface of the field, and the upper fertile layer, on the contrary, moves to the bottom of the furrow and cannot actively participate in the development and growth of plants, in the formation of the crop.

In order to improve the quality of soil cultivation, in Russian patent No. 2321195, published April 10, 2008, subsurface tillage is carried out by a tillage implement, the working bodies of which are driven by a crank-beam mechanism from the tractor PTO shaft. The utility model "Aerator-fertilizer", protected by patent No. 80649, IPC АСС 23/00, published on 02/20/2009, is a further improvement of the soil cultivating implements for moldless tillage (patent for invention RU No. 2321195 C2, 10/13/2005. The aerator-fertilizer contains executive forked working bodies and their drive, which is made in the form of a crank-rocker mechanism.The forked working body is made hollow and curved in shape with a radius of curvature equal to the length of the connecting rod and a height equal to the maximum specified depth Here aeration of the soil is carried out in one pass of the unit, with the drive of the executive forked working bodies from the tractor power take-off shaft through the gearbox and crank mechanism. Aeration in the form of drains (molehills) is obtained by vertical input of forked working bodies into the turf to the depth of the turf layer up to 25 cm. In this case, the drains are staggered, which eliminates the appearance of a solid line along which surface runoff could go, and there would be a risk of erosion processes. The crank-rocker mechanism consists of the leading link of the crank, connecting rod, rocker arm, gearbox 10 and aerator forked working body. When the aerator moves, the forked working bodies make cyclic movements for each crank revolution, making drains almost vertical.

The main, significant drawback of the considered utility model is that it is a mounted implement of the tractor driven from its power take-off shaft, the running elements (wheels, tracks) of which carry out jamming of the soil. We can talk about the lack of maneuverability of this agricultural machine. It should be noted and the complexity of the device aerator itself.

As a prototype of the selected device for loosening the soil, patent SU 1658805АВ, BI No. 23, published on 23.06.91. containing a longitudinal beam with working bodies fixed in its various parts. By means of hinges, a lever and a crank, the beam is suspended on the frame with the possibility of oscillations in the longitudinally vertical plane, so that the working bodies describe ellipsoidal cycloids in the soil.

The disadvantage of this device is that it produces layer-by-layer loosening, with the formation of grooves, ridges and blemishes between adjacent working bodies at the bottom, heterogeneity of the tillage and high energy costs. The kinematics of the movement of the working body in the prototype causes high efforts on the nodes and fasteners due to the use of the crank mechanism, which is critical from the point of view of increasing the total weight of the structure and the wear of the mover (motoblock) for inexpensive, light and low-power garden equipment, in comparison with a crank mechanism. The disadvantage for possible use with propulsion devices in the form of walk-behind tractors and motor-cultivators is also the removal of the point of application of the working body force to the soil away from the center of gravity of the propulsion device.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the efficiency and quality of soil aeration, by optimizing the location of the working bodies, as well as increasing the resource of the propulsion unit (motoblock).

The set of features of a utility model, which is in a causal relationship with the technical result achieved, is presented in an independent paragraph of the utility model formula. The soddy soil aerator contains an actuator equipped with working needles and its drive, kinematic associated with the propulsion torque selection shaft. The aerator's actuator is made in the form of a platform equipped with connecting elements to the propulsion torque shaft, which is used as an industrial walk-behind tractor, for example, the Neva, OKA, or Cascade types, while the actuator is driven in the form of a crank the connecting rod mechanism and kinematics elements, providing the possibility of plane-parallel movement of the actuator in the longitudinally-vertical direction.

The executive body is made in the form of at least one flat plate, perforated through holes, in which the working needles are mounted. Perforation of the flat plates can be staggered. The working needles can be solid or hollow. The tip of the working needle may be in the form of a flat bevel, on the side opposite to the swing center of the actuator. The working needles are oriented tangentially to the circle described by the platform during the stroke.

This design of the aerator allows you to process a significant area of the sodded soil in one working step.

The crank mechanism includes at least a connecting rod mounted on the platform, pivotally interacting with the cranks of the vertical and horizontal travel of the platform mounted on the propeller shaft for selecting the torque of the propulsion. The kinematics of the actuator include at least traction of the horizontal travel of the platform, the pendulum arm, the arm of the platform on the pivot axis of the pendulum arm, and the hitch of the swing axis of the pendulum arm with the propulsion housing.

Unlike the prototype, the crank drive mechanism with an elliptical form of movement of the working body in this regard is more suitable due to the lower mass with comparable parameters and a more favorable location of the working body in the region of the center of gravity of the unit. The trajectory of the tip of the working needle, in comparison with the prototype, differs in shape due to the intermittent nature of the movement of the unit, keeps the entry-exit point of the working needle from the hole unchanged during the movement cycle. This not only prevents damage to the turf, but also allows less energy to be spent on the working needle travel due to a decrease in the cost of deformation of the surface soil layer (turf) from horizontal needle movement during the working cycle, which is a significant positive factor for a low-power and light garden technicians.

Here, it should be noted that the intermittent stroke of the unit has a negative side - the need to limit the speed of the unit so that the vibration level during operation does not exceed the limit allowed for the mechanisms and operator. However, for low-power equipment this circumstance does not affect its performance, since the limitation on the power of the propulsion device does not allow it to develop a speed exceeding the limit allowed by the level of vibration.

In a more complex embodiment, the aerator's actuator is made in the form of at least two structurally similar platforms located symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the propulsion device and pivotally mounted by means of connecting rods on the cranks of the horizontal and vertical course of the platform.

For stability, the soddy soil aerator is equipped with support elements in the horizontal plane located along the external contour of the working area of the platform. As a supporting element, pairs of front and rear wheels are used. At the same time, the front wheels can be mounted on rigidly fixed axles, and the rear wheels on the rotary axles, on racks with the possibility of adjustable changes in installation height.

Such constructive changes, in comparison with the prototype under study, are achieved by the intuitive logical analysis of the problem, indicated by the above analysis of the prior art and analytical work on the formation of the best constructive solution empirically.

Comparison and analysis of scientific, technical and patent documentation on the priority date in the main and related sections of the IPC shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be implemented industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the utility model as a technical solution will become clear from the drawings, and a detailed description of the claimed device, where:

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the simplest particular case of structural design of an aerator of soddy soils, characterized by signs of an independent first paragraph of the utility model formula;

Figure 2 presents the kinematic diagram of the interaction of the elements of the aerator shown in figure 1;

In Fig. 3, the aerator in Fig. 1 is depicted in a side view; here, a diagram of the movement of the tip of the working needle is also given. In the diagram: H is the full working stroke of the tip, h is the depth of penetration of the tip into the soil, s is the step of the working body (needle);

Figure 4 presents a top view of a variant of the aerator shown in figure 1;

Figure 5 schematically shows a special case of the design of the aerator, represented by the dependent item 10 of the formula of the utility model, where the executive body is made in the form of two structurally similar figures.

Presented on the drawings, the soddy soil aerator contains an actuator equipped with working needles 1 and its drive kinematically connected to the propeller torque selection shaft 2. The aerator actuator is made in the form of a platform 4 equipped with connecting elements to the propulsion torque shaft 2, in the quality of which is used by an industrial motoblock, for example, such as the Neva, OKA, and Cascade. The drive of the executive body is made in the form of a crank mechanism and kinematics elements, providing the possibility of plane-parallel movement of the executive body in the longitudinally-vertical direction. The executive body is made in the form of at least one flat, perforated through holes plate 5, in which the working needles are mounted 1. Perforation of flat plates can be staggered. The working needles 1 can be solid or hollow. The tip of the working needle 1 may be in the form of a flat bevel, on the side opposite to the center of swing of the actuator. The working needles are oriented tangentially to the circle described by the platform during the stroke.

The crank mechanism includes, at least, a connecting rod 6 mounted on the platform, pivotally interacting with the vertical 7 and horizontal 8 strokes of the platform 4 mounted on the propulsion torque shaft 2 of the propeller 4. The kinematics of the actuator include at least a horizontal rod 9 the course of the platform, the pendulum lever 10, the lever 11 for fastening the platform on the support axis 12 of the pendulum lever and the hitch 13 for fastening the axis 14 of the swing of the pendulum lever 10 with the housing of the propulsor 3.

In a more complex version, see FIG. 5, the aerator’s working body can be made in the form of at least two structurally similar platforms 4 located symmetrically to the longitudinal axis X-X of the propulsion device 3 and pivotally mounted by means of the connecting rods 6 on the cranks 7 and 8. Moreover, the kinematics of the drive platform 4 in this case is perfect similar to that already described above.

For stability, the soddy soil aerator is equipped with support elements in the horizontal plane located along the external contour of the working area of the platform. As a supporting element used pairs of front 15 and rear 16 wheels. In this case, the front wheels can be mounted on rigidly fixed axles, and the rear wheels on the pivot axles, on the uprights 17 with the possibility of an adjustable change in installation height.

When working on heavy soils, the aerator can be weighted by the additional load 18 that is part of the motor cultivator, see Fig. 5.

A description of the operation of the inventive aerator of soddy soils on the basis of the motorized blocks "Oka", "Neva", "Cascade" widely used in practice is given below.

The working stroke of the platform 4 is carried out by rotating the crank 7 of the vertical stroke, the vertical component of the movement of which through the connecting rods 6 is transmitted to the platform 4 with the working bodies located - working needles 1, which can be either solid or hollow - depending on the required degree of tillage . The step of the needle is carried out by rotating the crank 8 of the horizontal stroke, the horizontal component of the movement of which, by means of the horizontal stroke 9 is transmitted to the hinge of the support axis 12 of the pendulum lever 10 on which the lever 11 for attaching the platform 4 is simultaneously pivotally suspended. If necessary, change the step size of the working body, the mounting hinges the thrust of the horizontal stroke 9 and the lever 11 of the mounting platform 4 can be spaced along different axes on the pendulum lever 10, which will give a change in gear ratio and change t is the magnitude of the horizontal stroke of the lever 11 with the platform 4. To reduce the horizontal accelerations of the unit during operation, it is possible to change the angle of inclination of the working needles 1 relative to the center of swing of the lever 11, as well as changing the angle (phase) of the location of the hinge of the crank 8 of the horizontal stroke relative to the hinge of the crank 7 of the vertical stroke . Changing the step size of the working body can also be carried out by changing the radius of the circle (shoulder) of the crank 8 horizontal stroke. The depth of tillage is determined by the parameters of the crank 7 vertical stroke. From the full vertical stroke of the crank 7, it is necessary to subtract the idle pitch when moving the working needle 1 to the next working position and the height of the jump unit when moving. But in this case, when using the support wheels 15 and 16, there is no need to jump to transfer the unit to the next working position (moving the unit is carried out directly during the working stroke of the needle in the soil). At the same time, the processing depth can be increased, with the same parameters of the crank mechanism. The required depth is regulated by changing the height of the support wheels 15 and 16. To ensure minimum horizontal accelerations of the unit when the working body (needles) 1 enters the soil, they are oriented along the tangent to the circle described by the platform during the working stroke (the center of the circle is located in the lever hinge 11 platforms on the pendulum arm 10). The minimum resistance to entering the soil is possessed by working needles with a curved surface shape close to a circle with a radius equal to the length of the shoulder to the hinge of the platform arm (saber shape). Loosening of the soil is carried out during the swing of the needle during the working process by changing the height of the center of swing, due to the vertical movement of the hinge of the platform arm 11 when swinging the pendulum arm 11. To simplify the design, it is also possible to use straight solid or hollow cylindrical needles, optimizing their angle the platform relative to the center of swing located in the hinge of the lever 11 of the platform. The sharpening of the tip of the working needle may look like a flat bevel at an angle of about 30 ° from the front (from the opposite from the center of swing) side of the working needle. The support wheels 15 and 16 are designed to maintain the unit in a stable position in the horizontal plane during the working stroke and when moving the working needles to a new position, without interfering with the forward movement of the unit under the influence of the working bodies. They are located along the external contour of the working area of the platform with the working bodies and provide stability and controllability of the unit during operation. Front, height-adjustable bearings — wheels are made with rigidly fixed axles, and rear ones are rotary. To ensure sufficient rigidity of the connection while maintaining orientation and providing the possibility of extraction for maintenance and replacement, the working needles are fixed to the platform with clamping bolts in the 5 boss holes provided for them in the plates. To change the intensity of soil cultivation, replaceable platforms assembled with different types of working needles can be used.

The platform during operation describes an unequal ellipse with respect to the aggregate. In relation to the soil, taking into account the movement of the aggregate, it will be a cyclogram in the form of alternating pieces of an ellipse. The movement of the tip of the working needle inside the soil will have the shape of an inclined pear, and in general, a cycloid with pear-shaped loops in the soil and pieces of ellipses in the air. In the prototype utility model, the form of movement of the platform resembles an ellipse of 180 × 90 mm. This form is necessary to obtain a high amplitude of motion in the vertical plane of the working needle (working stroke) in combination with a small amplitude in the horizontal plane (movement of the unit per step of the working needle 1).

When choosing the path of the executive body, it is advisable to adhere to a uniform distribution of power costs throughout the entire cycle of movement:

- piercing the turf and deepening the working needle without horizontal movement of the unit and changing the direction of movement of the tip of the working needle,

- at the end of the down stroke, move the unit forward and change the orientation of the working needle in the hole (tilt) to additionally loosen the soil inside the hole,

- when removing the working needle, continue to move the unit forward,

- at idle of the working needle through the air, it is also desirable to load the propulsion device, for the accumulation of kinetic energy for subsequent piercing of the turf.

The specific illustrations of the options for the practical implementation of the claimed technical solution described above are by their nature only particular examples and do not limit the claims of the claimed utility model, the volume of which is determined by the utility model formula. For technical specialists working in this field of technology will become apparent other possible specific embodiments of the inventive device, which will be within the scope of the claims of this utility model. For example, the support wheels 15 and 16 can be replaced with flat shoes, with a raised supporting surface lined with rubber. This technique will reduce the cost and simplify the design, but significantly complicate its movement from place to place when inoperative.

Claims (12)

1. The aerator of soddy soils contains an actuator equipped with working needles and its drive, kinematic associated with the propulsion torque shaft, characterized in that the aerator actuator is made in the form of a platform equipped with connecting elements to the propeller torque shaft, which An industrial motoblock is used, for example, such as the Neva, OKA, Cascade, while the drive of the executive body is made in the form of a crank mechanism and kinematic elements, echivayuschih possibility plane-parallel movement of the actuator body in a vertical longitudinal direction. 2. Aerator of sod soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator is made in the form of at least one flat, perforated through holes of the plate, in which the working needles are mounted. 3. Aerator of sod soils according to claim 2, characterized in that the perforation of the flat plates is staggered. 4. Aerator of turf soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the working needles are solid. 5. Aerator of turf soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the working needles are hollow. 6. The aerator of sod soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip of the working needle is in the form of a flat bevel on the side opposite to the swing center of the actuator. 7. Aerator of turf soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the working needles are oriented tangentially to the circle described by the platform during the working stroke. 8. Aerator of soddy soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the crank mechanism includes at least a connecting rod mounted on the platform, pivotally interacting with the vertical and horizontal cranks of the platform mounted on the propeller shaft for selecting the torque of the propulsion. 9. The soddy soil aerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the kinematics elements of the actuator include at least traction of the platform horizontal movement, the pendulum arm, the platform mount lever on the pendulum support axis and the hitch of the swing axis of the pendulum arm with the propulsion housing . 10. The aerator of soddy soils according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator of the aerator is made in the form of at least two structurally similar platforms located symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the propulsion device and pivotally mounted by means of connecting rods on the cranks of the horizontal and vertical course of the platform. 11. Aerator of soddy soils according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with supporting elements in a horizontal plane located along the outer contour of the working area of the platform. 12. The soddy soil aerator according to claim 11, characterized in that the supporting elements are made in the form of a pair of front and rear wheels, while the front wheels can be mounted on rigidly mounted axles, and the rear wheels can be mounted on rotary axles, on racks, with the possibility regulation of changes in installation height.