RU96122171A - ANTENNA SYSTEM - Google Patents

Claims (28)

1. A communication station for generating or receiving an array of emitted rays with an angular divergence, comprising an antenna array of radiating elements constituting a multi-element antenna; and the beamformer comprises a multipole having a first side on which there are many beam ports for electrical signals corresponding to the rays, and a second side on which there are many antenna ports corresponding to radiating elements, each beam port being connected to a plurality of antenna ports through the scheme of power dividers and phase-shifting elements, the phase shifts of which are in general multiple of a given constant, so as to generate a beam of rays in which A swarm multi-element antenna has a triangular or hexagonal symmetry, and the beam array has a triangular or hexagonal symmetry and is practically not distorted.  2. The station according to claim 1, in which the attenuation of power between adjacent beams is not more than 3 dB.  3. The station of claim 1, wherein the antenna is a directional radiating antenna.  4. The station according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which there are more antenna ports than radiating elements, and some of the antenna ports are not connected to the radiating elements.  5. The station according to claim 4, in which the antenna ports, not connected to the radiating elements, end with matching load.  6. The station according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which each radiating element is connected through the feeder path to the antenna port, and the gain in the feeder paths to the radiating elements on the periphery of the antenna is less than the gain in the feeder paths of the radiating elements inside the periphery, so that provide a gradual decrease in amplitude to the antenna aperture. 7. The station according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, in which each component of the power divider contains a 90 ^o hybrid element. 8. A station according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein said multipole comprises a first set of Butler matrix devices with N ₁ inputs and N ₁ outputs, each device having a first side and a second side, the first sides of the first set providing beam ports; and a second set of Butler matrix devices with N ₂ inputs and N ₂ outputs, each device having first and second sides, while the second sides of the second set provide antenna ports in which the ports of the first side of each Butler matrix device of the second set are connected to the ports of the second side sides of the many different Butler matrix devices of the first set, so that each beam port is connected to each antenna port. 9. The station according to claim 8, in which in the first set there are fewer than N ₁ Butler matrix devices. 10. The station according to claim 8 or 9, in which there are fewer than N ₂ Butler matrix devices in the second set.  11. The station according to any one of the preceding paragraphs, which, in addition, contains a means of receiving a beam connected to the first ports.  12. Station according to any one of paragraphs. 1 to 11, which further comprises a beam generating means connected to the first ports.  13. Station according to any one of paragraphs. from 1 to 11, containing the first specified antenna connected through the first specified multipole to the beam generating means, and the second specified antenna connected through the second specified multipole to the beam receiving means.  14. The station of claim 13, wherein the reception means is set to receive in a reception frequency band, and the generation means is set to generate in a transmission frequency band different from the reception frequency band.  15. The station according to claim 14, in which the first antenna is installed to generate a lattice of transmission beams, and the second antenna is installed to generate a lattice of transmission beams, each receiving beam being tuned to a corresponding transmission beam.  16. A spacecraft containing a station according to any one of the preceding paragraphs.  17. The spacecraft according to claim 16, in which the station is located so that if the spacecraft is in an intermediate circular orbit around the Earth, a beam of rays covers almost the entire surface of the Earth.  18. A global satellite communications system containing multiple spacecraft according to paragraph 16 or 17. 19. A multipolar beam forming beam for generating at least one emitted beam of at least one angular directional array of directions of the main lobes of a multi-element antenna, comprising a first set of passive power divider arrays with N ₁ inputs and N ₁ outputs; and a second set of matrices from passive power dividers with N ₂ inputs and N ₂ outputs; moreover, the total number of matrices is less (N ₁ - N ₂ ); in which is less than N $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{1}}$ first matrix ports from the first set, provided as ray ports, and less than N $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{2}}$ second matrix ports from the second set, provided as antenna ports; and in which each first matrix port from the second set is connected to the second port of another matrix of the first set, so that each beam port is connected to all antenna ports.  20. The multi-terminal for forming a radiation pattern according to claim 19, in which there are M1 devices in the first set, where M1 is less than N1. 21. The multipole for forming a radiation pattern according to claim 20, in which there are fewer than (M ₁ x N ₁ ) ray ports. 22. The multipole for forming a radiation pattern according to claim 21, wherein there are M ₂ devices in the second set, where M _{2 is} less than N ₂ . 23. The multipole for forming a radiation pattern according to claim 2, in which there are fewer than (M ₂ x N ₂ ) antenna ports.  24. An antenna system comprising an antenna array of radiating elements constituting a multi-element antenna; and a plurality of multi-terminal power dividers, each multi-terminal containing a set of beam ports connected to each set of antenna ports; in which the antenna ports of the different multipoles are connected together to each antenna element, in which each ray port corresponds to the direction of the main lobe of the antenna and in which each multipole corresponds to the lattice of the directions of the main lobes, where the lattices of the directions of the main lobes are located with relative angular displacement.  25. The antenna system of claim 24, wherein various phase shifting means are provided for providing different phase shifts between the beam ports of the various multipolar and each antenna element.  26. The antenna system according to claim 24, in which the first multipole corresponds to the first two-dimensional lattice of the directions of the main lobes, and the second multi-terminal corresponds to the second two-dimensional lattice of the directions of the main lobes, occupying the position just between adjacent rays of the first lattice.  27. The antenna system according to claim 25, comprising three multipoles, each of which corresponds to hexagonal lattices of the directions of the main lobes superimposed on each other to obtain another hexagonal lattice of directions of the main lobes. 28. A transceiver communication station comprising:
multi-element antenna for receiving and transmitting multiple emitted rays;
a digital signal processor for processing a plurality of narrowband channels corresponding to a plurality of broadband communication signals;
analog radiation pattern generating means comprising a passive multipole for separating energy and phase shift for driving said wideband signals to said multi-element antenna; and
conversion means for converting signals from analog to digital and vice versa, connected to couple said digital signal processor with said analog beamforming means.