RU93839U1 - HEAT-INSULATING, SOUND-INSULATING COVERING PLATE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to construction and can be used in the installation of ceilings and coatings of public and civil buildings. The technical result consists in a significant improvement in operational characteristics, inextricably linked with the concept of "comfortable and safe housing", namely: improving thermal insulation and sound insulation while maintaining high load-bearing capacity of the stove.

The floor slab includes the upper and (or) lower layers of hardened fluid durable material with the placement or manufacture of insulation between them. The carrier layers are interconnected by means of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. If necessary, these layers, as an option, are combined by a contour of hardened fluid strong material, including supporting and (or) side walls.

It is possible to have only one layer of hardened flowing strong material, and it is also possible to create a fragment (s) of this layer in the supporting part of the plate.

As the insulation, foam concrete and (or) its technical modifications, preferably with fiber filling, or any other types of insulation from the hardened flowing material, capable of forming a porous structure during hardening during pouring or filling in the structure, can be used.

The upper and lower layers, supporting fragments can be made both in place and in advance for subsequent installation as part of the structure.

It is possible to improve the operational characteristics of the plate due to prestressing, both steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, and (or) metal beams with a perforated wall, and (or) metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners and (or) metal beams with a corrugated wall and reinforcement located along the thickness of the upper and lower layers.

Failure safety along an inclined section is ensured, including due to the presence in the design sections of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

There is the possibility of effective industrialization of the production technology of this design and various modifications of the options for its constructive solutions. Various modifications of technological options and materials used are also possible.

Figure 1 shows a variant of the structural solution of the floor slab with reinforced concrete stiffeners, top view; figure 2 is the same, a cross section of this structural embodiment; figure 3 is a fragment of the combined steel, bent, perforated thermoprofile, presented in this embodiment, without a spacer strip; figure 4 is a variant of the end bend of a steel, bent, perforated thermal profile to ensure anchoring in the body of the supporting reinforced concrete circuit.

Description

The utility model relates to construction and can be used in the installation of ceilings and coatings of public and civil buildings. The technical result consists in a significant improvement in operational characteristics, inextricably linked with the concept of "comfortable and safe housing", namely: improving thermal insulation and sound insulation while maintaining high load-bearing capacity of the stove.

It is known that materials with low density provide better thermal insulation and sound insulation and reduce the weight of structures. However, along with these obvious advantages, they also have drawbacks, namely, they have lower strength characteristics and protect reinforcing and steel products from corrosion worse. This implies the undesirability of their use in the most stressed and critical parts of the bent elements - in the upper and lower planes. In these areas, solid material made from hardened material, such as heavy concrete or fiber concrete, should be placed. However, the location of the porous material in the middle part of the section can also be detrimental to the safety of the structure. In this case, the conditions for violation of the joint "work" of the upper and lower working layers are created due to the low strength of the porous material, and as a result, there is the potential for turning the upper and lower working layers of bent structures into thin and unstable plates that work independently of each other.

This utility model proposes structural solutions and methods for ensuring the joint operation of the upper and lower layers through the use of an effective metal thermal profile or other profiles, concreted or attached both in the upper and lower working layers and simultaneously passing through a layer of porous material. In addition, the connection of the upper and lower layers using the metal of the rack is physically and from a design point of view equivalent to the appearance of transverse reinforcement in the structure, which provides reliable resistance to the transverse force of this structure and protects it from the most dangerous type of destruction.

Separately, it can be noted that at certain values of the calculated density and strength of the insulation, it can serve as working layers.

In addition, when using an effective thermal profile, its racks due to their structural solution (the presence of longitudinal slots) are to a small extent conductors of heat and sound and, therefore, their presence in the body of a porous material does not significantly affect its total heat and sound insulation characteristics.

Thus, due to the implementation of the proposed design solutions, the above problems and tasks are effectively solved. The technical result is expressed in the opportunity to use the porous material in the composition of the plate, thereby providing improved characteristics of thermal insulation and sound insulation and at the same time ensure high reliability of this design from possible types of damage in accordance with the requirements of modern building standards.

The slab includes the upper and (or) lower layers of hardened fluid durable material with the placement or manufacture between them insulation (more porous hardened fluid material). Layers of hardened flowing strong material are interconnected by means of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. If necessary, these layers, as an option, are combined by a contour made of a hardened fluid dense and (or) durable material and including supporting and (or) side walls.

It is possible to have only one layer of hardened flowing strong material, and it is also possible to create a fragment (s) of the layer in the supporting part of the plate.

Foam concrete and (or) its technical modifications, preferably with fiber filling, or other types of hardenable flowing material, capable of forming a porous structure during hardening during filling or filling as part of the structure, can be used as insulation.

The closest in technical essence to the utility model is a floor slab adopted as a prototype [copyright certificate No. 2228413 from 2004.05.10 Int. classification 7 EB04B 5/02]. The main feature of the analogue, which coincides with the essential features of the claimed model, is the presence of porous material in its composition.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- the presence of cold bridges and conductors of sound waves due to the presence of reinforced concrete support columns evenly distributed along the plane of the plate;

- the technological complexity of the manufacture of the plate;

- difficulty, and in some cases the impossibility of a significant increase in bearing capacity, which severely limits the scope of possible application;

- the difficulty of using foam concrete as a heater and its modifications;

- lack or insufficient provision of joint work of a heater and bearing reinforced concrete layers of a plate;

- the impossibility of creating prestressed structures and, as a result, a significant increase in deflections with an increase in the span of the slab and, as a result, limiting the scope of their possible use;

- serious limitations of safety, reliability in practical use, namely: the lack of the ability to ensure the safety of this plate with resistance to destruction along an inclined section - the most dangerous type of destruction of reinforced concrete structures.

The essence of the utility model is expressed by the following features:

1. Reducing heat leakage through the body of the plate and increasing sound insulation characteristics due to the inclusion in the composition of the plate of a porous, hardened flowing material of any type.

2. The ability to create prestress.

3. The ability to ensure the joint work of porous material and stronger layers of hardened flowing material, due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with a corrugated wall and adhesion layers of materials used.

4. The ability to create a structure having only one (upper or lower) layer of hardened fluid strong material, as well as the ability to create a short fragment (s) of any of the layers in the supporting part of the plate.

5. The density and strength of the porous, hardenable flowing material is selected by calculation and controlled in the course of work on the basis of ensuring the design safety by avoiding the loss of local stability, bending from the plane of racks and shelves of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

6. Improving the safety of destruction along an oblique section due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall, as well as the ability to change their number, type, thickness, methods of their fastening and methods of mutual combination.

7. The possibility of reliable anchoring of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners or without them, or metal beams with a corrugated wall in supporting areas and along the length of the plate.

8. A significant reduction in the weight of the plate, without reducing its bearing capacity.

9. Effective use of material properties.

10. The possibility of modifying design options.

11. The possibility of industrializing the production of these structures.

The objective of the utility model is:

1. Improving the insulating and sound insulating characteristics of the floor slab.

2. The ability to create prestress.

3. The rational use of the properties of materials to ensure the task of creating a comfortable and safe home.

4. Ensuring joint work between the upper and lower layers created from a solidified hardened flowing material or between any one layer and a heater using steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with ribs stiffness with or without them, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

5. The ability to create one layer of hardened flowing strong material, as well as the ability to create a short fragment (s) of any of the layers in the supporting part of the plate.

6. Ensuring the safety of destruction along an inclined section due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall, as well as the ability to change their number, type, thickness, methods of their fastening and methods of mutual combination.

7. Ensuring reliable anchoring of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall in supporting sections and (or) along the length of the plate.

8. A significant reduction in the weight of the plate, without reducing its bearing capacity.

10. Effective use of material properties.

11. The possibility of modifying design options.

12. The possibility of industrializing the production technology of these structures.

An essential feature of the utility model is the possibility of practical implementation of all the above listed capabilities and technical tasks. All these signs, with the exception of the first, distinguish it from the closest analogue.

Features characterizing a utility model:

1. Ensuring the joint operation of the insulation and load-bearing layers (layer) due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

2. The presence of at least one layer of hardened flowing durable material. The lower layer can be made both completely and in the form of a short fragment (s) in the supporting part of the plate.

3. The purpose of the density of the insulation is not less than the level that provides the calculated load to prevent local loss of stability, bending from the plane of racks and shelves of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners or without them, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

4. It is possible to fasten each other in any combination of all types and sizes of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall as directly and through the separation pad.

5. The reinforcement may be located along the thickness of the upper and lower layers or absent in them and (or) the upper and lower faces of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners them, or metal beams with corrugated walls can be connected using anchors or in any other way.

6. Steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, and (or) metal beams with a perforated wall, and (or) metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, and (or) metal beams with a corrugated wall and fittings located along the thickness of the upper and lower layers can be prestressed.

7. Ensuring the safety of destruction along an inclined section, including due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall , as well as the ability to change their number, type, methods of attachment and mutual combination.

8. Anchoring of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall is carried out and (or) in the supporting sections and (or) along the length of the plate and can be produced in any way. Possible options: bending (figure 4) and subsequent monolithic concrete or various types of joints with distribution fittings, frames, anchors.

9. Support and (or) contour ribs can either be part of a plate or be absent or created only in the support part or along the plate.

10. Methods of creating prestressing both in reinforcement located in the upper and (or) lower layers of concrete (fiber-reinforced concrete), and in steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners or without them, or metal beams with a corrugated wall can be any.

11. Methods of technological demarcation of the space for concreting insulation and stiffeners can be any, for example, substitution of removable, temporary demarcation inserts or the device of non-removable inner formwork, which is further included in a single work together with hardenable fluid durable material.

12. The upper and lower layers, supporting fragments can be made both in place and in advance for subsequent installation as part of the structure.

13. The fastening of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall between themselves can be made in any technically convenient way.

The presented drawings depict options for constructive solutions.

Figure 1 shows the solution slabs with reinforced concrete stiffeners, top view; figure 2 is the same, a cross section of this structural embodiment; figure 3 is a fragment of a combined steel, bent, perforated thermoprofile, presented in this embodiment, without a spacer strip; figure 4 is a variant of the end bend of a steel, bent, perforated thermal profile to ensure anchoring in the body of the supporting reinforced concrete circuit.

In the embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2, the floor slab contains the upper 1 and lower 2 reinforced concrete layers interconnected by steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles 3. Stiffeners 4 and 5 can be made as part of the slab structure, and can absent, for example, all at once, or only supporting, or only longitudinal. Between layers 1 and 2 is poured for subsequent hardening or insulation is placed 6. The upper and lower reinforced concrete layers contain reinforcing mesh or distribution reinforcement 7 and (or) anchors connecting the profiles. In variants of the constructive solution, when one of the reinforced concrete layers is absent, reinforcing mesh or distribution reinforcement 7 and (or) anchors connecting the profiles can be installed. Flat reinforcing frames 8 and mounting loops 9 are installed in the stiffeners. Flat reinforcing frames 8 can be installed for structural reasons and in the absence of stiffeners in the slab structure. In the absence of stiffeners, it is permissible, as an option, not to install reinforcing cages 8. The possibility of installing mounting loops does not depend on the presence or absence of reinforced concrete stiffeners, however, in the absence of stiffeners, it is advisable to install mounting loops either in the immediate vicinity of installed steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with corrugated walls oh or directly connected to them. Arbitrary arrangement of mounting loops and (or) their connection with distribution valves 7 is possible.

Utility Model Implementation

The sequence of manufacture of the plate depends on the chosen design solution, as well as on the presence or absence of support and side stiffeners. The main options for making the plate are as follows:

Option 1 - Lack of lateral and supporting stiffeners in the presence of two layers of hardened, durable material. In a cleaned and greased form, reinforcing mesh 7 is mounted on the clamps to form the lower supporting layer 2 plates, steel, bent, perforated thermoprofiles 3 or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with a corrugated wall and, as an option, mounting loops 9. Reinforcing frames 8 it is possible, as an option, to install, and not to install. Then, the hardened, flowing material of the lower layer 2 is laid and vibrated. In this case, the lower shelf of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall should be immersed in the bottom layer. After hardening or the beginning of setting, or, as an option, without waiting for this, fill or install a layer of insulation 6. The hardening of the insulation can be either autoclave or non-autoclave. Starting from the point in time when the strength of the insulation becomes sufficient to support the weight of the upper layer, it is possible to install the reinforcing mesh 7 on the latches and lay and vibrate the upper layer 1. Subsequent hardening of the material can be carried out in any way. In all cases and in all cases, it is possible to additionally include embedded parts with any configuration, any quantity and any location.

Option 2. It differs from option 1 in that there is no bottom layer.

Option 3. It differs from option 1 in that there is no top layer.

Option 4. It differs from option 2 in that a short fragment of the lower layer is created in the support part of the plate, which receives support forces and acts as an additional reinforcement for anchoring both reinforcement or reinforcing mesh and steel, bent, perforated thermoprofile or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. In this case, a fragment of the lower layer can be performed both over the entire width of the plate and locally, for example, under steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal corrugated beams.

Option 5. It differs from option 4 in that in the support part of the plate, instead of a short fragment of the lower layer, a embedded part or embedded parts that perform the same functions as the hardened fragment is attached.

Option 6. It differs from option 1 in that support and (or) lateral stiffeners are created from the hardened material.

Option 7. It differs from option 2 in that support and (or) lateral stiffeners are created from the hardened material.

Option 8. It differs from option 3 in that support and (or) lateral stiffeners are created from the hardened material.

Option 9. It differs from option 1 in that steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall are not poured into the body of the lower and (or) the top layer of the hardened material, and are attached to it. Mounting can be done in any way. It is possible, as an option, that the lower and (or) upper layer can be made in advance and fastened in this design through steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners or without them, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. In this case, it is possible, as an option, injection under pressure of a liquid mass of insulation of any kind into the cavity between the upper and lower layers. It is also possible to lay or fill the insulation layer-by-layer on the lower layer, followed by pouring or laying the upper layer.

Option 10. It differs from option 1 and 9 in that it is a combination of these two options, namely: one layer of flowable hardenable durable material is poured in place, and the other is attached to steel, bent, perforated thermoprofiles or metal beams with a perforated wall or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. In this case, both simultaneous formation and the absence of supporting and (or) lateral stiffeners are possible.

Option 11. It is a combination of options 2 or 3 with option 9.

Option 12. It is a combination of option 4 with option 9. In the general case, the possible number of design options and execution technology can be infinitely large due to the inclusion and (or) exclusion of certain structural elements, fragments and solutions in the structure.

Claims (1)

The slab, including layers of a flowable, hardened, durable material and a layer of insulation, characterized in that it includes reinforcement, including metal, bent, perforated thermal profiles and allowing the creation of such two or one layer of fluid hardened, durable material.