RU76935U1 - MULTI-LAYERED WALL PANEL OF HIGHER STRENGTH "EF-PANEL" (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction and can be used for prefabricated construction of public and civil buildings. The technical result consists in improving operational characteristics, increasing strength, durability, reliability and safety, especially of high-rise buildings and (or) operating in difficult conditions and (or) seismically hazardous areas.

The present invention proposes structural solutions and methods for ensuring the joint operation of the outer and inner layer of multilayer wall panels through the use of an effective metal thermal profile or other profiles, concreted or attached to both the outer and inner working layers, and simultaneously passing through the layer of porous material (insulation). Joint use to ensure the bearing capacity of the outer and inner layer of the panel allows you to effectively counteract eccentric compression and bending load due to more complete inclusion in the work of reinforcement and metal located in these layers by analogy with the work of a double-branch column.

For low-rise construction, it is possible to have only one layer of hardened fluid durable material, and it is also possible to create a fragment (s) of this layer in the supporting part of the panel.

As insulation, foam concrete, polystyrene, polystyrene and (or) their technical durable modifications and / or analogues or their combination, preferably with fiber filling, or other types of hardenable flowing porous material capable of forming a porous structure during hardening during pouring or can be used filling as part of the design.

Bearing layers, supporting fragments can be made both in place and in advance for subsequent installation as part of the structure.

It is possible to improve the operational characteristics of the panel due to prestressing of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, and (or) metal beams with a perforated wall, and (or) metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners and (or) metal beams with a corrugated wall , and reinforcement located along the thickness of the bearing layers.

Failure safety along an inclined section is ensured, including due to the presence in the design sections of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

There is the possibility of effective industrialization of the production technology of this design and various modifications of the options for its constructive solutions. Various modifications of technological options and materials used are also possible.

Figure 1 shows the solution of a wall panel with reinforced concrete stiffeners, top view; figure 2 is the same, a cross section of this structural embodiment; figure 3 is a fragment of a combined steel, bent, perforated thermoprofile, presented in this embodiment, without a spacer strip; figure 4 is a variant of the end bend of a steel, bent, perforated thermal profile to ensure anchoring in the body of the supporting reinforced concrete circuit; figure 5 - preferred options for the end joints of the outer and inner layers, providing a redistribution of forces with a concentrated application of the load.

Description

The invention relates to the construction and can be used for prefabricated construction of public and civil buildings. The technical result consists in improving operational characteristics, increasing strength, durability, reliability and safety, especially of high-rise buildings and (or) operating in difficult conditions and (or) seismically hazardous areas.

It is known that a structural feature of prefabricated multilayer wall panels is the use of basically one layer to ensure the load-bearing capacity of buildings, most often an inner layer made of hardened flowing durable material (heavy concrete and its analogues). The outer layer of multilayer wall panels usually provides mainly protective functions and, as a rule, does not have sufficient strength characteristics and reliable, strong bonds with the inner supporting layer, ensuring their joint operation. This leads to the fact that in some cases the durability of wall panels, the necessary margin of their bearing capacity and safety under special loads (seismic, uneven settlement of foundations, building roll, etc.) are not ensured. The costs of repairing and restoring buildings often become comparable with the cost of new construction, and not rarely, in fact, are meaningless. This circumstance becomes especially relevant with the current trend in the construction of houses of increased number of storeys, the need for anti-terrorism measures and ensuring increased reliability, safety and durability of buildings and structures, as dictated by global trends, as it is obvious to the user

the feasibility of investing a few% in the cost of the building during initial construction in order to ensure its further durability and safety, including during extreme impacts. Buildings should provide comfortable and safe living and working people for decades and even centuries and serve as protection for them, and not be a source of endless repairs, amplifications, anxieties, fears and additional costs for the owner.

The present invention proposes structural solutions and methods for ensuring the joint operation of the outer and inner layer of multilayer wall panels through the use of an effective metal thermal profile or other profiles, concreted or attached to both the outer and inner working layers, and simultaneously passing through the layer of porous material (insulation). Joint use to ensure the bearing capacity of the outer and inner layer of the panel allows you to effectively counteract the eccentric compression and bending load due to a more complete inclusion in the work of reinforcement and metal located in these layers by analogy with the work of a double-branch column.

At certain values of the design strength of the insulation, it can fulfill or supplement the function of the working layers.

It is known that a feature of an effective thermal profile is that, due to its structural solution (the presence of longitudinal slots), its racks are conductors of heat and sound to a small extent, and therefore their presence in the body of a porous material will not significantly affect its total heat and sound insulation characteristics.

Thus, due to the implementation of the proposed design solutions, the above problems and tasks are effectively solved. The technical result is expressed in ensuring the joint work of the outer and inner layers and, as a result, ensuring high

the reliability of this design from possible types of damage in accordance with the requirements of modern Russian and foreign building standards.

Wall-mounted multilayer panel of increased strength "E-panel" includes the outer and (or) the inner, or only the outer, layers (layer) of hardened flowing durable material with the placement or manufacture between them or connecting with them (him) insulation (porous hardened material ) Layers of hardened flowing strong material are interconnected by means of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

For buildings not intended for high-rise construction, it is possible to produce “Ef-panels” in a two-layer version, when only one carrier layer is made from hardened flowing strong material, and steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall are mainly used as a means for reliable connection of insulation. In this case, it is advisable to cover the outside of the insulation with a protective coating of any type.

As a heater, foam concrete, polystyrene foam, polystyrene and (or) their technical durable modifications and (or) their analogues, preferably with fiber filling, or other types of hardenable flowing porous material capable of forming a porous structure during hardening during filling or filling in the composition can be used designs.

It is possible to use the combined version, namely, that the insulation boards are placed between steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall, and then, additional filling is made of the voids formed at the joints of the voids with any kind of insulation that can provide the necessary adhesion and filling the space between previously laid Itami insulation and steel, curved thermo and (or) their peers.

The closest in technical essence to the utility model is a multilayer wall panel adopted as a prototype [copyright certificate No. 990997 of 1983.01.23 class. (51) 5 E04C 2/46]. The main feature of the analogue, which coincides with the essential features of the claimed model, is the presence of a porous material in its composition and metal frames connecting the outer and inner bearing layers.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- does not provide for the possibility of ensuring the joint operation of the insulation and the bearing reinforced concrete layers of the slab;

- the initial focus on the use of only foam plastic as a heater;

- the difficulty of ensuring reliable anchoring of the reinforcement connecting the external concrete layers, including the presence of welds in the places where condensate may appear at temperature fluctuations of about 0 ° C, which may affect the durability of the welded joints and, accordingly, the desired properties of this design;

- porous insulation will not be able to counteract the loss of local stability of the reinforcement connecting the external concrete layers due to the small area of their mutual contact. Bonding reinforcement will

"cut" the insulation, and then to ensure local stability it will be necessary to significantly increase its diameter, which will lead to a significant overspending of steel and to a sharp increase in heat loss through the cold bridges created by the increased diameter of this armature and air gaps near the frames. This factor will also become an obstacle to increasing the thickness of the panel in those cases when it is necessary to ensure thermal performance, since an increase in the distance between the fastening points of the reinforcement leads to a significant decrease in its local stability;

- there is no initial focus on various structural and technological options for creating these structures;

- it is not initially envisaged and technically there is no possibility of creating one carrier layer working in conjunction with a heater;

- it is impossible to create prestressed structures due to the use of welded frames;

- lack of collaboration of the outer and inner layers of the panel;

- difficult industrialization of the manufacture of panels and the preparation of metal, connecting frames;

- it is difficult to create a uniformly reinforced structure;

- the presence of bridges of cold through the metal of the connecting frames.

The invention is expressed by the following features:

1. Ensuring the joint work of the outer and inner layers, made of hardened fluid durable material using steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with a corrugated wall, while ensuring heat and sound insulating

characteristics due to the inclusion in the panel of a porous, hardened material of any type (insulation).

2. Ensuring the joint work of porous material (insulation) and more durable layers of hardened flowing strong material, due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with corrugated the wall used for adhesion and collaboration of the layers of materials used.

3. The possibility, as options, of creating a structure having only one layer of hardened flowing strong material, as well as the ability to create a short fragment (s) of any of the layers in the supporting part of the panel.

4. The density and strength of the porous, hardened material is selected by calculation and controlled in the course of work on the basis of ensuring the design safety by avoiding the loss of local stability, bending from the plane of racks and shelves of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

5. The structural strength of the oblique section is increased due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall, as well as the ability to change their number, type, thickness, methods of their fastening and methods of mutual combination.

6. Reliable anchoring of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with

perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall in the end sections and along the length of the panel.

7. Effective use of material properties.

8. The possibility of modifying and increasing the number of options for constructive solutions within the framework of the proposed idea.

9. The possibility of industrializing the production of these structures.

The objective of the invention is:

1. Increasing the bearing capacity, reliability and safety of wall multilayer panels used for prefabricated buildings.

2. The rational use of the properties of materials to ensure the task of creating a comfortable and safe home.

3. Ensuring joint work between the outer and inner layers created from a solidified hardened flowing material or between any one strong layer and a heater using steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

4. The possibility, as options, of creating one layer from the hardened fluid durable material, as well as the ability to create a short fragment (s) of any of the layers in the supporting part of the panel.

5. Improving the structural strength of the inclined section due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall, as well as the ability to change them

quantity, type, thickness, methods of their fastening and methods of mutual combination.

6. Ensuring reliable anchoring of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall in the end sections and (or) along the length of the panel.

7. Effective use of material properties.

8. The possibility of modifying and increasing the number of options for constructive solutions within the framework of the proposed idea.

9. The possibility of industrializing the production technology of these structures.

An essential feature of the invention is the possibility of the practical implementation of all of the above features and technical problems. All these signs distinguish it from the closest analogue.

Features characterizing the invention:

1. Ensuring the joint operation of the insulation and load-bearing layers (layer) due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall.

2. The purpose of the density of the insulation, which, under the action of the calculated load, is to prevent the loss of local stability, bending from the plane of racks and shelves of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or corrugated metal beams.

3. It is possible to fasten each other in any combination of all types and sizes of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall as directly and through the separation pad.

4. The reinforcement may be located along the thickness of the outer and inner layers or be absent in them and (or) the sides of the shelves of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall can either be connected to it in any way or not connected.

5. The fittings, both mesh and rod, in order to ensure effective operation when the shear forces are applied to the panel, it is advisable to position them at an angle of 45 degrees to the vertical. It is also possible that the fittings are parallel to the vertical and horizontal axes.

6. Steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, and (or) metal beams with a perforated wall, and (or) metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, and (or) metal beams with a corrugated wall and fittings located along the thickness of the upper and lower layers can be prestressed.

7. Increased structural strength along an inclined section, including due to the presence of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall , as well as the ability to change their number, type, methods of attachment and mutual combination.

8. Anchoring of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall is carried out and (or) in the end sections and (or) along the length of the plate and can be produced in any way. Possible options: bending (figure 4) and subsequent monolithic concrete, monolithic without bending at the ends and (or) along the length of the panel, as well as any kind of connections with distribution fittings, frames, anchors.

9. Methods of technological delimitation of the space for concreting insulation and side and end stiffeners can be any, for example, substitution of removable, temporary demarcation inserts or the device of fixed internal formwork, which is further included in a single work together with hardened flowing strong material.

10. The outer and inner layers, supporting fragments can be made both in place and in advance for subsequent installation as part of the structure.

11. The fastening of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall between themselves can be made in any technically convenient way.

12. The presence or absence of window or door openings in the design of this panel is homogeneous, in fact, options for the implementation of this design and idea and does not make fundamental differences in the nature and features of this design.

The presented drawings depict options for constructive solutions.

Figure 1 shows the solution of the wall panel with reinforced concrete stiffeners, view along the inner or outer plane; figure 2 is the same, a cross section of this structural embodiment; figure 3 is a fragment of a combined steel, bent, perforated thermoprofile, presented in this embodiment, without a spacer strip; figure 4 is a variant of the end bend of a steel, bent, perforated thermal profile to ensure anchoring in the body of the supporting reinforced concrete circuit; figure 5 - preferred options for the end joints of the outer and inner bearing layers, providing a redistribution of forces with concentrated application of the load.

In the embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2, the wall panel contains an outer 1 and an inner 2 reinforced concrete layers interconnected by steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles 3. Stiffeners 4 and 5 can be made as part of the panel structure, and can also and be absent, for example, all at once, or only end, or only longitudinal. Between layers 1 and 2 is poured for subsequent hardening or insulation 6 is placed. In the case of placing a prefabricated insulation, the voids formed are filled with porous flowing, hardened material. The outer and inner reinforced concrete layers contain reinforcing mesh or distribution reinforcement 7 and (or) anchors connecting effective thermal profiles and (or) their analogues. In the design solutions, when one of the reinforced concrete layers is absent, reinforcing meshes or distribution fittings 7 and (or) anchors connecting effective thermal profiles and (or) their analogues can be installed in the body of the insulation. In stiffeners it is advisable to install flat and (or) spatial reinforcing cages 8. It is possible to install flat reinforcing cages 8 for structural reasons and in the absence of stiffeners in the slab structure. In the absence of stiffeners

it is allowed, as an option, not to install reinforcing cages 8. The possibility of installing mounting loops does not depend on the presence or absence of reinforced concrete stiffeners, however, in the absence of stiffeners. It is advisable to place mounting loops either in the immediate vicinity of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with a corrugated wall, or directly connected to them. Arbitrary arrangement of mounting loops and (or) their connection with distribution valves 7 is possible.

The implementation of the invention:

The sequence of manufacture of the wall panel depends on the chosen design solution, as well as on the presence or absence of side stiffeners. The main options for making the plate are as follows:

Option 1 - Lack of side and end stiffeners in the presence of two bearing layers of hardened, durable material. In the cleaned and greased form, reinforcing mesh 7 is mounted on the clamps to form the inner or outer bearing layer 2 plates, steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles 3 or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and stiffeners or metal beams with a corrugated wall . Reinforcing cages 8 is possible, as an option, to install, and not to install. Then, the hardened, flowing material of the inner or outer bearing layer 2 is laid and vibrated. In this case, the lower shelf is a steel, bent, perforated thermo-profile or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with the corrugated wall should be immersed in the inner or outer created support layer. After hardening

or the beginning of setting, or, alternatively, without waiting for this, for example after vibration, fill or install a layer of insulation 6. The hardening of the insulation to be filled can be either autoclaved or non-autoclaved. Starting from the point in time when the strength of the insulation becomes sufficient to withstand the weight of the upper layer, it is possible to install on the latches of the reinforcing mesh 7 and lay and vibrate the upper layer 1. Subsequent hardening of the material can be carried out in any way. In all cases and in all cases, it is possible to additionally include embedded parts with any configuration, any quantity and any location.

Option 2. It differs from option 1 in that there is no outer layer.

Option 3. It differs from option 1 in that there is no inner layer.

Option 4. It differs from option 2 and 3 in that a short fragment of the second layer is created in the end part of the panel, which receives support forces and at the same time performs the function of anchoring and redistributing forces both for reinforcement or reinforcing mesh, and steel, bent, perforated thermoprofile or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. In this case, a fragment of the second layer can be performed both over the entire width of the plate and locally, for example, under steel, bent, perforated thermo-profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal corrugated beams.

Option 5. It differs from option 4 in that in the end part of the panel, instead of a short fragment of the lower layer, a embedded part, or embedded parts, is attached.

Option 6. It differs from option 1 in that end and (or) lateral stiffeners are created from hardened durable material.

Option 7. It differs from option 2 in that end and (or) lateral stiffeners are created from hardened durable material.

Option 8. It differs from option 3 in that end and (or) lateral stiffeners are created from hardened durable material.

Option 9. It differs from option 1 in that steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall are not poured into the body of the outer and (or) the inner layer of the hardened material, and are attached to it. Mounting can be done in any way. It is possible, as an option, that the outer and (or) inner layers can be made in advance and fastened in this design through steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners or without them, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. In this case, it is possible, as an option, injection under pressure of a liquid mass of insulation of any kind into the cavity between the upper and lower layers. It is also possible to lay or fill the insulation layer-by-layer on the lower, in the manufacture, layer with subsequent filling or laying of the upper layer.

Option 10. It differs from option 1 and 9 in that it is a combination of these two options, namely: one layer of flowable hardenable durable material is poured in place, and the other is attached to steel, bent, perforated thermoprofiles or

metal beams with a perforated wall or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall. In this case, both simultaneous formation and the absence of supporting and (or) lateral stiffeners are possible.

Option 11. It is a combination of options 2 or 3 with option 9 or 10.

Option 12. It is a combination of option 4 with option 9 or 10.

In the general case, the possible number of design options and execution technology can be infinitely large due to the inclusion and (or) exclusion of certain structural elements, fragments and solutions in the structure, but this does not change the essence of the proposed idea.

Claims (6)

1. A wall panel having a porous material and a metal connection connecting the outer and inner supporting layers in its composition, characterized in that it can have a thickness in a wide range and use any porous, hardened or porous plate material or their combination, to ensure joint operation of the insulation and bearing layers or a layer of hardenable fluid durable material with or without distributed reinforcement, due to the connection of the outer and inner layers with steel, bent, perforated thermals profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall having reliable anchoring of any kind in the end sections and (or) along the length of the plate, made "to" or “after” the solidification of the carrier layer (s) and passing through or in a porous material, the density of which, in turn, should exclude the possibility of loss of local stability of metal racks and shelves during design heat ZEC. 2. The wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the methods of technological delineation of the space for pouring a fluid, hardened insulation or laying insulation and the space intended to create stiffeners can be any, for example, substitution of removable, temporary demarcation inserts or a device of non-removable internal formwork, which is further included in a single work together with the surrounding material, and the supporting outer and inner layers or end fragments can be made both in place and in advance for subsequent installation and fixing in the structure, while the end and (or) contour ribs can be part of the panel or be absent or created only in the end part or only along the panel, if there are end joints of the joints of the outer and inner layers, providing redistribution Efforts are preferably designed with broadening in the direction of the bearing layers with a common installation to minimize their thickness based on the principle of equal structural strength under the influence of design loads. 3. The wall panel according to claim 2, characterized in that it is allowed to create only a fragment (s) of layers of hardened, flowing, durable material in the end part of the plate and (or) fixing steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles or metal beams with a perforated wall , or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall and (or) working fittings in the end part of the plate using embedded parts. 4. The wall panel according to claim 3, characterized in that it is possible to fasten to each other in any way and in any combination of all types and sizes of steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffeners with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall both directly and through a spacer strip. 5. The wall panel according to claim 4, characterized in that the porous, hardened material is laid between steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, or metal beams with a perforated wall, or metal beams with a flexible wall and with or without stiffeners, or metal beams with a corrugated wall, and the voids formed are filled with porous hardened material, providing reliable adhesion and spacing between previously laid porous, hardened material and eliminating the possibility of loss of local stability of metal racks and shelves at rated load. 6. The wall panel according to claim 4, characterized in that it is possible to create prestressing in any way, both steel, bent, perforated thermal profiles, and (or) metal beams with a perforated wall, and (or) metal beams with a flexible wall and with stiffening ribs with or without them, and (or) metal beams with a corrugated wall and reinforcing bars located along the thickness of the upper and lower layers.