RU90540U1 - EXHAUST SYSTEM FROM THE CELLAR ROOM OF A MULTI-APARTMENT MULTI-STOREY BUILDING SIMULTANEOUSLY FUNCTIONING AS A VENTILATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The smoke exhaust system from the basement of a multi-apartment multi-storey building, based on the supply and exhaust ventilation channels and containing a device for forced ventilation, moreover, an opening in the outer wall of the basement floor is used as the supply channel, characterized in that the exhaust channel is equipped with a smoke exhaust valve and is brought out into the common riser of the smoke exhaust system of the building.

Description

Application area

The utility model relates to ventilation and smoke exhaust systems in the basement of multi-apartment buildings and can be used in the conversion of a basement into an office.

State of the art

Currently, in multi-apartment residential buildings, there is a need to use basement floors for office premises, clubs, etc., where the placement of residential premises is not allowed according to SNiP 31-01-2003. Due to the basement, the useful area of the utility rooms of the house is increased without the use of land.

According to SNiP 31-02-2001, during the construction of houses in areas where, according to engineering and environmental surveys, there are emissions of soil gases (radon, methane, etc.), measures must be taken to insulate the floors and walls of basements in contact with the ground in order to prevent penetration of soil gas from the soil into the house, and other measures to reduce its concentration in accordance with the requirements of sanitary standards. To prevent the entry of soil gases, the concrete slab of the basement floor should be hermetically adjacent to the wall around the perimeter of the basement, and the adjoining area should be covered with sealant, that is, the concrete slab serves as an “air barrier” that prevents the penetration of soil gases. However, attempts to solve this problem by tightly sealing cracks and other openings in the basement are not always effective, therefore, in the basement, a device for removing such gases is provided for - a ventilation duct is arranged through which the basement communicates with the atmosphere. To prevent the entry of soil gases, the drainage layer of gravel under the concrete slab of the basement floor should also communicate with the atmosphere. Thus, the arrangement of a smoke exhaust system for basements in apartment buildings sometimes becomes a necessity not only because of plans for using the area of basements, but also purely due to considerations of compliance with sanitary and fire standards in the operation of buildings. Without compliance with fire safety standards, the basement area cannot be used. Basement ventilation is carried out through special openings located in its upper part [1]. Ventilation is effective only when there are two channels: supply and exhaust. Usually they are placed on opposite sides of the basement: supply - near the floor, exhaust - under the ceiling. The outside ventilation window is closed with a louvre grille from the outside. The disadvantage of such a ventilation system is the weakness of the exhaust system. The installation of forced ventilation on an exhaust hood under the basement ceiling does not give the necessary effect due to the intersection of ventilation ducts with the upper floors, where the supply air flows at the same temperature or even lower. As a result, the cold air from the upper floors, entering the common ventilation channel, tends to go down to the basement. Those. when using forced ventilation, the draft power for the hood is always insufficient to raise the air column in the entire ventilation duct from the basement to the roof. For this reason, these ventilation systems cannot be used as smoke exhaust systems.

Channel systems Calorex [2] are known, which provide drainage, supply and exhaust ventilation, air heating and heat recovery in private and public pools (including those located in basements) and, thanks to energy-saving technologies, minimize operating costs. These are complex installations for heating and ventilation of the pool, as well as maintaining the required water temperature. For example, in the Variheat-3 AW model, in addition to the drainage circuit, a heat exchanger for heating pool water with hot water from the heating system, a heat recovery system and a water heater for heating the air are installed. If necessary, dehumidifiers can be equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation units and an electric air heater.

When the dehumidifier is located in the basement, air is supplied from below. Also requires the installation of a supply and exhaust ventilation module. Although the supply and exhaust system in this solution is effective, the system itself is very expensive and energy-intensive due to the operation of the dehumidifier.

The ventilation efficiency increases if the exhaust ducts are moved outside the roof. For this, in the apartment buildings, special channels are provided in the walls, or asbestos-cement or metal pipes with a diameter of 10-15 cm are installed outside the house. In frame-frame houses, ventilation pipes can be hidden inside the frame.

However, if there is a need to equip the basement for office premises, clubs, etc. of an already constructed apartment building, especially of a long-standing construction, it is almost impossible to provide both supply and exhaust ventilation flow without venting pipes outside the building. For example, an exhaust pipe for effective ventilation must have its end above the roof of the building, and a segment of it located directly in the room must be covered with insulation and insulated.

Obtaining permission to install a pipe over the roof of the building, and even laying pipes with fastening outside the building, is problematic. In some cases, obtaining such permission requires the consent of all tenants through whose apartments the ventilation duct passes to the roof. But the biggest drawback of such a system is its high cost.

If the apartment building has more than 12 floors, then the removal of ventilation to the roof turns into expenses that will not pay off for a very long time from the benefits of using the additional basement area.

For this reason, these ventilation systems used as smoke exhaust systems are very expensive and not effective.

The closest solution is the smoke exhaust system described in SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures." The requirements for the implementation of smoke protection systems and its individual elements are set out in SNiP 41-01-2003 “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning”.

The smoke protection system, depending on the space-planning solution and the number of storeys of the building, may include a smoke removal system from rooms and (or) corridors in case of fire, a system for removing smoke and gases after a fire, a system for ensuring non-smokable stairwells, a system for air supply to mines elevators, stair-elevator, stair and elevator halls.

In exhaust smoke ventilation systems, in accordance with SNiP 41-1-2003, special fans are installed that work reliably for at least two hours when moving gas-air mixtures with temperatures up to 400 ° C.

In the general case, the smoke exhaust system includes (see [3]) an exhaust ventilation system with floor valves in the smoke exhaust shaft (s), which automatically open from fire detection means in case of fire; supply ventilation system for air in the elevator shafts, which, when a fire is detected, descend to the 1st floor, their doors open (then they serve only firefighters according to a special algorithm).

For installation in smoke exhaust systems today, simple smoke exhaust valves [3] are used, which are suitable only for the removal of smoke and warm air. In addition, universal fire dampers are also used. They can be used not only in smoke exhaust systems, but also in general ventilation, blocking openings in the places where air ducts pass through floors, walls and partitions (fire-retardant valves). Issues related to the purpose, scope and required characteristics of smoke exhaust valves, as well as how to control them in case of fire, are discussed in detail in SNiP 2.04.05-91 *, SNiP 2.01.02-89, SNiP 21.01-97 *.

It should be noted that in general, smoke valves perform the following functions:

- ensuring the removal of smoke from rooms with a fire source or adjacent premises on the floor where the fire occurred;

- reduction of air leakage into the smoke exhaust channel on other floors of the building to the required level;

- providing air supply to the premises protected from smoke (non-smoke stairwells, vestibule locks, etc.).

The disadvantage of this smoke removal system is its operability within all floors, except the basement. In the basement, this system does not work.

Effect: provides ease of arrangement of the smoke exhaust system of the basement and its effectiveness without significant energy costs; the possibility of simultaneous operation of the system in the basement as a ventilation and smoke removal system.

Utility Model Implementation

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the smoke exhaust system of the basement of an apartment building, constructed on the basis of the supply and exhaust ventilation channels, and containing a device for forced ventilation, moreover, an opening in the outer wall of the basement floor is used as the supply channel, characterized in that the exhaust duct is equipped with a smoke exhaust valve and brought into the common riser of the smoke exhaust system of the building.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. shows a structural diagram of the ventilation system of the basement of an apartment building, where 1 is the building, 2 is the space of the rooms on the floors of the building, 3 is the attic, 4 is the basement, 5 is the floor, 6 is the shaft of the smoke exhaust system of the building, 7 is the outlet pipe, 8 - smoke exhaust electric motor, rotating exhaust fan when the fire alarm system is turned on, 9 - exhaust pipe, 10 - exhaust smoke exhaust fan, forcing air into the elevator shaft, 11 - smoke exhaust valve in the basement, 12 - apan smoke on floors 13 - elevator shaft, 14 - inflow opening 15 - smoke and / or fire detector, 16 - exhaust duct basement, 17 - smoke exhaust valve in the basement with the elevator shaft, 18 - hearth smoke.

Utility Model Implementation

The smoke exhaust system of the basement of an apartment building (see Fig.) Can be implemented using special openings with an exhaust (16) ventilation duct. The exhaust duct (16) is brought into the common riser (6) of the smoke exhaust system of the building (1).

The technical result is realized due to the fact that when the sensor (15) responds to smoke or fire, the electric motor (8) of the smoke exhaust system is turned on, which rotates the exhaust fan. This opens the smoke exhaust valve (16) in the basement.

The simplicity of the system is based on the formation of the valve (16), and its insertion into the smoke exhaust channel (6).

Since the general smoke removal system of buildings has long been proven effective, the claimed system based on the principle of operation of this known system will also be effective.

It should be noted that if the valve (16) is always open, it will serve as an exhaust ventilation duct, if an exhaust fan is installed directly on it. Thus, the claimed system can simultaneously function both as a smoke exhaust system and as a ventilation system in the basement of a building.

Information sources:

1.http: //mypapir.ru/tisje/123.html

2. http://www.osush.ru/rub_2_5_5_2_2.htm

3. http://www.opasnosti.net/index.php?/los/catalog/security/newpagel75/

Claims (1)

The smoke exhaust system from the basement of a multi-apartment multi-storey building, based on the supply and exhaust ventilation channels and containing a device for forced ventilation, moreover, an opening in the outer wall of the basement floor is used as the supply channel, characterized in that the exhaust channel is equipped with a smoke exhaust valve and is brought out into the common riser of the smoke exhaust system of the building.