RU89086U1 - UNIT FOR DOWNLOADING FINE DISPERSED MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for loading fine materials in the loading unit, including a container, a traction drive for moving the container, limit switches, traction and work trolleys mounted on rails, and a system of blocks with a traction cable, characterized in that the container is placed on a traction trolley mounted on the side drive and on the working trolley, and the drum of the traction drive is made of the right and left sections, while on the right section there is a traction cable with a right winding, and on the left section there is a traction cable with a left with an avivka, moreover, the block system includes a guide block with left and right sections and a support block, while the traction cable of the left winding is led out through the left section of the guide block and connected to the traction trolley on the drive side, and the traction cable of the right winding is led out through the right section of the guide block through support block and is connected to the traction trolley on the opposite side.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for loading finely dispersed materials, for example, ash, cement, mineral fertilizers, etc., and can find application in industrial enterprises in construction, municipal and agriculture. The loading of fine cargoes in various areas of the national economy is carried out taking into account the cycle of their industrial production and is associated with the need to meet the requirements of high performance, reliability of the loading system, as well as environmental safety.

Often there are difficulties in organizing the loading of ash when a car with a container cannot enter under the loading device due to the small size of the loading unit, which requires its expensive reconstruction. Even after reconstruction, the operator in the process of loading the container with ash should be in a dangerous dust zone, which is dangerous for health.

Known devices that provide solutions to specific problems associated with loading containers of various materials.

A known container described in RF patent No. 2125532, equipped with support rollers mounted at the corners of the container and facilitating its movement when removed from the vehicle and installed on the vehicle.

In order for the container to be lifted along the guide rollers or on the lifting device of the vehicle for transporting containers on wheels, guide rails are provided under the bottom of the container. In addition, the container is equipped with grooves for the forks of forklift trucks, and a bracket used in the case of loading with a crane.

The main advantage of the described container is the possibility of stacking it, since the rollers are extendable and, when installed in a stack, do not interfere with the dense installation of neighboring containers.

This container can be moved in the process of loading it with bulk material on the support rollers, but it is impossible to use the rail track, it is necessary in some other way to ensure accurate movement of the container during its loading under the loading body.

A known system for moving trolleys along as USSR No. 1696281, containing a carriage mounted on rail tracks, a trolley pusher associated with it, a drive drum and fixed blocks with traction bodies stored thereon associated with the carriage. The mechanism is equipped with a leveling device, which includes a housing mounted on the carriage, movable blocks mounted in the housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement parallel to each other and stored on these blocks rope, the ends of which are fixed on the specified housing, and each movable block with its axis connected to the end of one of the traction organs, and the pusher is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever.

The movement mechanism includes a gear motor that drives the drive drum, on which one ends of the traction cables are fixed, enveloping the fixed blocks of the tension station. The other ends of the traction cables are fixed on the movable blocks of the leveling device mounted on a carriage equipped with a pusher in the form of a two-shouldered lever interacting with the trolley.

Leveling devices include moving blocks covered by an additional cable, the ends of which are fixed to the carriage body. The sliders of the movable blocks move along the guides mounted on the support brackets.

The system operates as follows.

During operation, the gear motor rotates the drive drum, in which one branch of the traction cables is unwound, and the other is wound. In this case, the carriage moves. The reciprocating movement is carried out by reversing the winch. When the traction cables are tensioned, moving blocks move on one side of the equalization mechanism mechanism, at which their sliders abut against the support bracket. In this case, the tension of the cables fixed on the other side of the leveling device is aligned.

This system can be successfully used when moving trolleys using a pusher, but is relatively complex. In addition, the design involves placing the mechanism under the rail, which requires quite a lot of labor, makes the structure more expensive, quickly fouling the mechanism located in the niche and, as a result, increasing operating costs due to the difficulty of access to the mechanism.

The system described above involves the use of trolleys that are not suitable for subsequent transportation by road as a container for the transported material. The installation of the container on the carriage described above is quite complicated, because at the stage of moving the container from the car to the carriage, a fairly accurate mutual orientation of the carriage and the container is necessary, which is almost impossible due to the weight and size of the container.

In systems for loading and transporting fine materials to protect the latter from external influences, including from the effects of wind and from atmospheric precipitation, use special containers.

Known container for bulk cargo, described in RF patent No. 2243140, which contains a rectangular case consisting of a bottom, side walls and a cover. The lid, in turn, consists of two overlapping half-overlapping halves, one of which has a protrusion and the other a cavity, which seal the joint. The halves of the lid are pivotally mounted on the axis and are equipped with a spring opening the halves of the lid at an angle of 90-110 °. The half of the lid with a protrusion in the end part is provided with a plate on which a finger with a rotation ring is perpendicularly mounted. On the side wall on the axis of the pivotally mounted lever having on one side a hook that interacts with the finger of the cover. And on the other side of the lever in the upper part there is a semicircular cutout, mating with a rectangular retaining ring. The diameter of the semicircular cutout is equal to the diameter of the rectangular retaining ring. The circlip is made integral with the axis pivotally mounted on the side wall. In addition, the lever in the lower part is connected to the axis of the retaining ring by a spring operating in tension.

A container for transportation, storage and unloading by tipping of bulk material works as follows.

To load the material into the container or unload it from the container, it is necessary to open the double-leaf lid, consisting of two halves. First, a circlip mounted on an axis on the side wall is rotated. In this case, the circlip disengages with a semicircular cutout on the upper part of the lever. Then, overcoming the resistance of the tensile spring, the lever is rotated on the axis and the hook is disengaged from the finger mounted perpendicularly to the plate of the lid half with the protrusion. In this case, half of the lid with a protrusion frees half of the lid with a hollow. Both halves open by an angle of 90-110 ° by means of a torsion spring mounted on the axles. The internal volume of the container is open for receiving or unloading by tipping the cargo, and half of the lid serve as guides, preventing possible spillage.

After loading the container with the pressure device, half of the container lid is simultaneously closed. In this case, half of the lid with a cavity is lower than half of the lid with a protrusion. By further pressing the covers, the finger with the ring comes into contact with the outside of the hook. A ring mounted with the possibility of rotation, rolling along the outer side of the hook overcoming the resistance of the spring, deflects the lever on the axis, until the finger itself enters the hook from the inside. The spring, compressing, securely fixes the closure of the container lid with a hook. To prevent careless action on the lever, it is additionally fixed with a rectangular retaining ring, turning on the axis and leading into a semicircular cutout on the lever. If necessary, the rectangular snap ring on the lever is sealed. The closed container is ready for transportation and storage of material.

When unloading the container by tipping, the operations of opening the lid of the container are repeated.

This container provides good protection of the transported material from external influences and prevents dusting.

As you know, when loading a container with bulk material using the most common gravitational loading devices, a cone is formed. The loading of the container described above can either be incomplete so that the material cone does not prevent the lid from closing, or requires additional operations to level the surface of the loaded material in the container.

In addition, the task of positioning the container under the boot body during loading is a rather complicated task, which is even more complicated by the raised halves of the roof, worsening visibility for the driver.

Closest to the claimed utility model adopted as a prototype is a system for loading and transporting fine materials (RF patent No. 2294889), which is used for loading and transportation in combination with a vehicle, for example, a dump truck.

The prototype contains a container, a traction drive for moving the container, limit switches, traction and work trolleys.

A container for finely dispersed material mounted on work trolleys located on rails (in a variant design of rails), for example, in a loading workshop with a loading device. The towing cart is coupled to the nearest work cart. On the traction trolley and on supports, for example, located on the floor of the loading shop for fastening the cable, blocks are installed through which the cable is passed. Limit switches are also located along the guides (on the floor), and in the lower part of the traction trolley the bracket is located so that when moving the trolley the bracket acts on the limit switches. In an embodiment, limiters are mounted on the side wall of the container, attached to the side wall of the container by means of a pivoting loop. A stop is installed at the end of the rail guides. The stops in the transport position are fixed on the container wall with the help of a latch.

In the upper part of the container there is a shaft on which a shelter is wound, a movable carriage with a fixed side of the shelter and bearing assemblies with bearings whose axes are located in mutually perpendicular planes. Bearings can be moved along guides located along the side walls of the container, in the forward and reverse directions using hand winches and a cable.

Cable storage includes a cable connected through blocks to a drum of a reversible gear motor, which provides direct and reverse winding of the cable.

Rope storage includes a cable connected through blocks to a manual winch.

The limiter is attached at one end to the side wall of the container with a swivel loop. The limiter is fixed using a latch mounted on the side wall of the container with a loop.

Before installing the container in the loading shop from the vehicle for loading, the operator, using the cable block mechanism for moving the shelter, turning the winch handle wraps the shelter on the shaft, opening the upper part of the container for loading. In the version with limiters - tilts the limiters horizontally. When installing the container on the trolley, the operator ensures that the stops do not touch the walls of the loading workshop, which can be equipped with special plates.

Thus, the positioning of the container is ensured when it is mounted on a trolley.

Then the operator, using a standard hydraulic lift and car cables (not shown), installs the container on work trolleys that move along rails to their original position under loading, and connects the traction trolley to the work trolley using a hitch and then turns on the auger of the loading device. The container starts loading with ash. During the loading process, an ash cone is formed under the loading device. When the top of the cone reaches the set height, the sensor is triggered, the ash auger is turned off and the gear motor of the container moving means is turned on. The container moves 0.5-1.0 m and the bracket acts on the limit switch. The gear motor drum stops rotation and the container stops. At the same time, the ash feed screw of the loading device is turned on. The filling of the container with ash starts again.

The indicated loading cycle is repeated until the container reaches the stop. In this case, the last limit switch changes the direction of rotation of the drum of the gear motor to the opposite. The container begins to move in the opposite direction and comes to its original position. In this case, the limit switch is activated and the gear motor is turned off.

Then the operator, using standard equipment, sets the container on the car and, turning the winch handle, acts on the carriage, which moves along the guides, setting the shelter in motion. In that case, if the top of the ash cone exceeds the height of the container walls, the shelter during its movement levels the surface of the loaded material. In the version with stops, the operator puts the stops in an upright position and fixes them on the side wall of the container with the help of a clamp. After that, the container is ready for further transportation.

The next truck with an empty container comes up to the loading workshop and the cycle of loading the ash container described above is repeated.

Thus, the claimed solution allows for the full loading of a large-tonnage container with fine-grained material in an autonomous mode without the need for the operator to be in a dusty and gas-polluted zone hazardous to health, as well as subsequent transportation that is safe for the environment.

However, the disadvantages of the device described above is that the proposed cable storage scheme, the number and placement of working blocks makes it possible to jam the cable-block mechanism due to the uneven distribution of loads on the cable when moving the container, which will lead to periodic unauthorized stopping of the container and disrupt the loading process with ash .

In addition, the presence of an autonomous traction trolley complicates the installation, which reduces the reliability of its operation and increases the cost.

The problem the utility model aims to solve is to ensure uniform load distribution in the cable block mechanism and thereby eliminate installation failures, as well as simplify installation by changing the composition and design of its elements.

The problem is solved in that the container is placed on a traction trolley mounted on the drive side and on the working trolley, and the drum of the traction drive is made of right and left sections, while the traction cable with right-wound winding is placed on the right section and placed on the left section a traction cable with left-hand winding, and the block system includes a guide block with left and right sections and a support block, while the traction cable of the left-hand winding is led out through the left section of the guide block and is connected to the traction trolley on the drive side, and Jagow right rope winding withdrawn through the right section of the guide block through the support block and is connected to the traction trolley with the opposite side.

Distinctive features of the claimed utility model is the following:

- the container is located on the traction trolley mounted on the drive side and on the working trolley. This layout of the container allows you to reduce the number of trolleys and thereby simplify installation, as well as reduce the initial cost of its manufacture;

- the block system includes a guide block with left and right sections and a support block, and the drum of the traction drive is made of the right and left sections, while the traction cable with the right winding is placed on the right section, and the traction cable with the left winding is placed on the left section. Such winding of the cable and their connection with the trolleys through the support and guide blocks eliminates the uneven distribution of loads on the cable when moving the container and, as a result, the failure of the installation due to jamming of the cables.

- the traction cable of the left winding is brought out through the left section of the guide block and connected to the traction trolley on the drive side, and the traction cable of the right winding is brought out through the right section of the guide block, through the support block and connected to the traction trolley from the opposite side. This leads to a decrease in the total number of blocks, simplification of the block system, and dividing the control block into sections will prevent the laying of right and left winding cables, which ensures container movement and will increase the reliability of the installation.

According to the information available to the authors, the above distinguishing features are new and are not presented in the technical literature. Their combined use in the claimed design allows to obtain the required positive technical result.

The technical result is to increase the reliability of the installation, as well as simplifying its design and reducing cost.

The technical result is ensured due to the fact that:

- The function of an autonomous traction trolley and one of the working trolleys located on the drive side are combined. The container is mounted on traction and work trolleys. Thus, the number of bogies is reduced and the design of the installation is simplified.

- The installation is equipped with two blocks: one support and one guide, as well as cable fasteners located on the traction trolley. Such a scheme of rope storage eliminates the uneven distribution of loads on the cables when moving the container, cable jamming, periodic unauthorized stopping of the container and violation of the ash loading process, and thus increases the reliability of the installation.

- The reduction in the cost of the installation is due to the fact that only 2 bogies are used to move it, because the function of the traction trolley is combined with the function of the working trolley. In addition, the cost of maintenance and repair is reduced due to increased reliability of the installation, due to the absence of failures when moving the container during its loading with ash.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings:

Figure 1 shows the installation diagram;

Figure 2 schematically shows a cable block mechanism for moving the installation.

As shown in figure 1, the installation includes a container 1 with a loading device 2, which is installed on the traction 3 and working 4 carts with wheels 5 located on the rails 6. Traction cart 3 using ropes 7 and 8 through the support 9 and guide 10 blocks connected to a traction drive including a drum 11 and a gear motor 12.

Figure 2 shows the mechanism for moving the container, which includes a towing trolley 3 with wheels 5 mounted on the rails 6. The trolley 3 using the cable right-hand winding 7, mounted at point 13, through the support block 9 and the guide block 10, with a restrictive 14 and 15 walls, connected at the attachment point 16 of the drum 11. The trolley 3 using the left winding cable 8 at point 17 through the guide block 10 is connected to the drum 11 having a restrictive 18 and separation wall 19, at point 20.

On the trolley 3 is mounted an arm 21 acting on the limit switches 22, placed along the guides 6.

The device operates as follows. The container 1 is unloaded from the car onto the bogies 3, 4 and is installed under the loading hopper 2 so that the hopper is located above the extreme rear of the container 1. The container 1 is loaded until an ash cone equal to the height of the container is formed under the hopper 2.

The operator includes a gear motor 12. A cable 7 of the right-hand winding is wound around the drum 11 of the gear motor, connected to the traction trolley at point 13, passing through the support block 9, under the guide block 10, connected at point 16 to the drum 11 and pulling the traction trolley 3 with a container 1 located on this and working 4 trolleys. In order for the cables 7, 8 not to slide off the guide block 10 and the drum 11, restrictive 14, 18 and dividing walls 15, 19 are installed on them. The cable 8 of the left winding, connected to the drum 11 at point 20 and with the traction work trolley 3 at point 17, is wound from the drum 11. The container 1 on the bogies 3, 4 moves along the guides 6 and, acting on the limit switch 22, turns off the gear motor 12 and stops so that the hopper 2 is located above the free space of the container 1. Starts the flow of ash from the hopper 2 into the container 1. The operation of loading the container 1 with ash is repeated until it is completely filled. Container 1 filled with ash is installed on a car and transported to a landfill for unloading.

Thus, the claimed technical solution allows for the loading of the container with ash in the loading shop.

The claimed technical solution can be implemented using available materials and assemblies.

Claims (1)

Installation for loading fine materials in the loading unit, including a container, a traction drive for moving the container, limit switches, traction and work trolleys mounted on rails, and a system of blocks with a traction cable, characterized in that the container is placed on a traction trolley mounted on the side drive and on the working trolley, and the drum of the traction drive is made of the right and left sections, while on the right section there is a traction cable with a right winding, and on the left section there is a traction cable with a left with an avivka, moreover, the block system includes a guide block with left and right sections and a support block, while the traction cable of the left winding is led out through the left section of the guide block and connected to the traction trolley on the drive side, and the traction cable of the right winding is led out through the right section of the guide block through support block and is connected to the traction trolley on the opposite side.