RU2294889C1 - System for loading and transportation finely divided materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; materials handling facilities.

SUBSTANCE: proposed system for loading transportation of finely divided materials, for instance, ashes, has container carrier, device for moving container in process of loading, device for gravity loading of container, device for covering of load, for instance, when putting container on carrier and transportation. Device for moving container includes traction drive, for instance, geared motor, guides, for instance, rail guides, limit switches installed along guides, at least two working trucks and traction truck connected by hitch with nearest working truck and installed on guides, and system of sheaves with pull cable arranged with pairs from each end face side of traction truck and at least one sheave arranged opposite to traction drive from opposite side of traction truck, axles of rotation of said sheaves pass vertically, and ends of pull cable are secured on support from opposite sides of traction truck. Pull cable passes over one pair of sheaves from one side of traction truck and it is mechanically coupled with traction drive, and from opposite side pull cable passes over sheave on support and over second pair of sheaves. Traction truck is furnished with bracket arranged with lower part of truck for acting onto limit switches which are installed at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from each other and are electrically coupled with traction drive. Stops are installed in end points of guides.

EFFECT: provision of uniform and complete loading of large-size container with finely divided material and subsequent transportation at prevention of dusting and down-time of carriers.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to systems for loading and transporting finely dispersed materials, for example ash, cement, mineral fertilizers, etc., and can find application in industrial enterprises in construction, utilities and agriculture. The loading and transportation of fine cargo in various areas of the national economy is carried out taking into account the cycle of their industrial production and is associated with the need to ensure the requirements of high performance, reliability of the loading and transportation system, as well as environmental safety.

Often there are difficulties in organizing the loading of ash when a car with a container cannot enter under the loading device due to the small size of the loading unit, which requires its expensive reconstruction. Even after reconstruction, the operator in the process of loading the container with ash should be in a dangerous dust zone, which is dangerous for health.

As part of the systems for loading and transportation, devices are known which provide a solution to specific problems associated with loading containers with various materials and transporting them.

A known container is described in RF patent No. 2125532 (publication date: 01/27/1999), equipped with support rollers mounted at the corners of the container and facilitating its movement when removed from the vehicle and installed on the vehicle.

In order for the container to be lifted along the guide rollers or on the lifting device of the vehicle for transporting containers on wheels, guide rails are provided under the bottom of the container. In addition, the container is equipped with grooves for forks of forklifts and a bracket used in the case of loading by crane.

The main advantage of the described container is the possibility of stacking it, since the rollers are extendable and, when installed in a stack, do not interfere with the dense installation of neighboring containers.

This container can be moved in the process of loading it with bulk material on the support rollers, but it is impossible to use the rail track, it is necessary in some other way to ensure accurate movement of the container during its loading under the loading body.

A known system for moving trolleys along as USSR No. 1696381 (publication date: 12/07/1991), containing a carriage mounted on rails, a trolley pusher associated with it, a drive drum and fixed blocks with traction bodies stored on them associated with the carriage. The mechanism is equipped with a leveling device, which includes a housing mounted on the carriage, movable blocks mounted in the housing with the possibility of reciprocating movement parallel to each other, and a rope stored on these blocks, the ends of which are fixed on the housing, each movable block having its axis connected with the end of one of the traction organs, and the pusher is made in the form of a two-shouldered lever.

The movement mechanism includes a gear motor that drives the drive drum, on which one ends of the traction cables are fixed, enveloping the fixed blocks of the tension station. The other ends of the traction cables are fixed on the movable blocks of the leveling device mounted on a carriage equipped with a pusher in the form of a two-shouldered lever interacting with the trolley.

Leveling devices include moving blocks covered by an additional cable, the ends of which are fixed to the carriage body. The sliders of the movable blocks move along the guides mounted on the support brackets.

The system operates as follows.

During operation of the gear motor, the drive drum rotates, in which one branch of the traction cables is unwound and the other is wound. In this case, the carriage moves. The reciprocating movement is carried out by reversing the winch. When the traction cables are tensioned, moving blocks move on one side of the equalization mechanism mechanism, at which their sliders abut against the support bracket. In this case, the tension of the cables fixed on the other side of the leveling device is aligned.

This system can be successfully used when moving trolleys using a pusher, but is relatively complex. In addition, the design involves placing the mechanism under the rail, which requires quite a lot of labor, causes a rise in the cost of the structure, rapid contamination of the mechanism located in the niche, and as a result, increased operating costs due to the difficulty of access to the mechanism.

The system described above involves the use of trolleys that are not suitable for subsequent transportation by road as a container for the transported material. The installation of the container on the carriage described above is quite complicated, because at the stage of moving the container from the car to the carriage, a fairly accurate mutual orientation of the carriage and the container is necessary, which is almost impossible due to the weight and size of the container.

In systems for loading and transporting fine materials to protect the latter from external influences, including from the effects of wind and from atmospheric precipitation, use special containers.

A known container for bulk cargo, described in RF patent No. 2243140 (publication date: 12/27/2004), which contains a rectangular case consisting of a bottom, side walls, and a cover. The lid, in turn, consists of two overlapping half-overlapping halves, one of which has a protrusion and the other a cavity, which seal the joint. The halves of the lid are pivotally mounted on the axis and are equipped with a spring opening the halves of the lid at an angle of 90-110 °. The half of the lid with a protrusion in the end part is provided with a plate on which a finger with a rotation ring is perpendicularly mounted. On the side wall on the axis of the pivotally mounted lever having on one side a hook that interacts with the finger of the cover. And on the other side of the lever in the upper part there is a semicircular cutout, mating with a rectangular retaining ring. The diameter of the semicircular cutout is equal to the diameter of the rectangular retaining ring. The circlip is made integral with the axis pivotally mounted on the side wall. In addition, the lever in the lower part is connected to the axis of the retaining ring by a spring operating in tension.

A container for transportation, storage and unloading by tipping of bulk material works as follows.

To load the material into the container or unload it from the container, it is necessary to open the double-leaf lid, consisting of two halves. First, a circlip mounted on an axis on the side wall is rotated. In this case, the circlip disengages with a semicircular cutout on the upper part of the lever. Then, overcoming the resistance of the tensile spring, the lever is rotated on the axis and the hook is disengaged from the finger mounted perpendicularly to the plate of the lid half with the protrusion. In this case, half of the lid with a protrusion frees half of the lid with a hollow. Both halves open by an angle of 90-110 ° by means of a torsion spring mounted on the axles. The internal volume of the container is open for receiving or unloading by tipping the cargo, and half of the lid serve as guides, preventing possible spillage.

After loading the container with the pressure device, half of the container lid is simultaneously closed. In this case, half of the lid with a cavity is lower than half of the lid with a protrusion. By further pressing the covers, the finger with the ring comes into contact with the outside of the hook. A ring mounted with the possibility of rotation, rolling along the outside of the hook, overcoming the resistance of the spring, deflects the lever on the axis until the finger itself enters the hook from the inside. The spring, compressing, securely fixes the closure of the container lid with a hook. To prevent careless action on the lever, it is additionally fixed with a rectangular retaining ring, turning on the axis and leading into a semicircular cutout on the lever. If necessary, the rectangular snap ring on the lever is sealed. The closed container is ready for transportation and storage of material.

When unloading the container by tipping, the operations of opening the lid of the container are repeated.

This container provides good protection of the transported material from external influences and prevents dusting.

As you know, when loading a container with bulk material using the most common gravitational loading devices, a cone is formed. The loading of the container described above can either be incomplete so that the material cone does not prevent the lid from closing, or requires additional operations to level the surface of the loaded material in the container.

In addition, the task of positioning the container under the boot body during loading is a rather complicated task, which is even more complicated by the raised halves of the roof, worsening visibility for the driver.

Closest to the claimed invention is a device for the collection and loading of bulk materials described in and.with. 2048400 (publication date: 11/20/1995), which is used in the system for loading and transportation in combination with a vehicle, such as a dump truck.

The prototype contains a hopper with unloading flaps and a means of movement, which is a telescopic elevator connected to the hopper and a cable block system. The bottom of the bunker is rigidly connected to its walls and provided with stiffeners symmetrically strengthened symmetrically along its longitudinal axis, supporting pads and elements placed on them to control the tilt of the bunker. These elements are made in the form of sectors with holes for placement of a removable stopper. The telescopic boom is equipped with a protective cover and guide rollers located in the upper part. In one of the rollers, a groove is made to accommodate the cable of the cable block system, and the other serves to interact with the hook of the vehicle. The telescopic elevator is freely housed in the casing, pivotally connected to the hopper by means of an axis and a sleeve mounted on its upper end, and connected to the cable of the cable block system at its lower end. The discharge flap is mounted in the end wall of the hopper. Garbage or other bulk is loaded into the hopper through the hatches. Upon filling the hopper, it is unloaded. The driver of a vehicle, such as a dump truck, drives up to the device, throws the end of the cable (terminated by a loop) onto the towing hook and begins to feed the vehicle to the bunker. During the movement of the vehicle, the telescopic stand is moved out of the protective casing (pipe) using a cable-block system and raises the hopper attached to it. When the hopper reaches a predetermined height, a flexible rod acts on the latch and releases the end wall. Since the hopper tilts to the required angle during lifting, the contents of the hopper are poured into the vehicle body. Having finished unloading, the car drives off, the hopper lowers, occupying its original position. The stops push the door (wall) to the hopper, so that the latch locks the door. The driver unhooks the cable from the towbar, puts it in the pit and closes it with a lid.

A device for collecting and loading bulk materials according to A.S. 2048400 mechanizes and automates the time-consuming process of loading garbage or other bulk materials into vehicles (dump trucks, airborne vehicles, transport trailers, etc.).

However, the disadvantages of the above device is the inability to ensure a full and uniform loading of the hopper, as well as use in a small loading workshop. The disadvantages also include the need for the operator to stay when loading in the gas contamination zone and fine dust containing heavy metals. Using this device does not provide environmentally friendly transportation of the contents of the hopper, because the car body does not have a shelter, which leads to the fact that it dusts and pollutes the environment when transporting ash.

These shortcomings are eliminated in the proposed technical solution.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to ensure uniform and most complete loading in autonomous mode of a large-tonnage container with fine material and its subsequent transportation under conditions of exclusion of dusting and vehicle downtime.

The technical result is to increase capacity by more even distribution of finely dispersed material in the container, automate the loading process, reduce the size of the system, increase reliability and improve sanitary and hygienic qualities during loading and transportation.

The problem is solved in that the system for loading in a loading unit and transporting fine materials contains a vehicle for transporting a container, means for moving the container during loading and loading onto the vehicle and container, a device for gravity loading, means for sheltering the cargo, for example, during loading onto a vehicle and transportation. The container moving means includes a traction drive, for example a gear motor, guides, for example rail, limit switches, installed along the guides, at least two work trolleys and a traction trolley connected by a hitch to the nearest work trolley, mounted on guides, a system of blocks with a traction cable located in pairs on each of the end sides of the traction trolley, and at least one block located opposite the traction drive on the opposite side of the traction trolley, and the axis of rotation of the said blocks extend vertically, and the ends of the traction cable are fixed on a support from opposite sides of the traction carriage, while the traction cable on one side of the traction car goes around one pair of blocks and is mechanically connected to the traction drive, and on the opposite side passes through the block on the support and goes around the second a pair of blocks, while the traction trolley is equipped with a bracket located in the lower part of the trolley, and the bracket and limit switches are located relative to each other with the possibility of impact of the bracket on each echny switch when moving the traction carriage along the guide, and limit switches installed at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from one another and electrically connected to the traction drive and the end points of guide stops are installed.

In accordance with the proposed solution, the container moves independently of the loading device on two work trolleys using the means of moving the container. The use of at least two work trolleys in the system ensures a stable position of the container when unloading it from the vehicle, installing it under loading and loading with ash. The use of an autonomous traction trolley is due to the fact that blocks of a cable block are located on it in order to prevent damage to them during loading and unloading of the container. At the same time, during the loading process, the container moves under the loading body to a distance of 2.5-3.5 m in the forward direction discretely, which ensures its most complete loading, and in the opposite direction after the loading is completed, continuously. Discreteness of movement of the container is ensured by limit switches located at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from one another, which are affected during the movement of the bracket mounted on the traction trolley. When the bracket and limit switches interact, the traction drive stops rotation, the container stops to fill the next batch of ash. Final stop is provided by stops located at the end points of the track on the floor of the workshop. If the specified distance between the limit switches increases, a high degree of filling the container with ash will not be ensured. If the specified distance between the limit switches is reduced, the automation will unjustifiably often operate, stopping the container for loading. This increases the load time, as well as energy consumption and resource consumption of the traction unit, for example, a drive motor.

The combined use of these features allows you to get the effect of a more complete loading of the container with the transported material and at the same time prevent the loading of excess material, which happens in the case of loading the bulk container of a stationary container.

Improving the reliability of the system for loading in the loading unit and transporting fine materials is determined by the choice of the container moving system, this is due to the fact that the device operates in dusty environments and periodic exposure to moisture. Under these conditions, options for chain, rack, screw and other types of mechanisms for moving the container reduces the reliability of the device as a whole.

In a particular case, a system for loading cargo containing a shaft, the axis of rotation of which is located along the end wall in the upper part of the container, guides located along the sides of the container, a movable carriage made to move along the container sides along the guides, and on the end parts of the movable carriage there are bearing units with bearings, the axes of which are located in mutually perpendicular planes, a cable block device including two winches installed in the lower end and upper lateral parts of the container walls, a cable, one end of which is fixed on the first winch, and the second end passes through the blocks and is fixed on the upper part of the container, and the second winch is connected to the shaft.

Thanks to the use of such a shelter, the dusting of the material during transportation is prevented, and due to the movement of the movable carriage, an additional effect is achieved - the surface of the bulk material loaded into the container is leveled (ash cones are removed), which can further improve the uniform distribution of finely dispersed material in the container and load more fully container.

In a particular case, on the container of the system for loading in the loading unit and transporting finely dispersed materials there is at least a pair of stops installed from opposite sides of the container, made with the possibility of folding perpendicular to the sides of the container, in the form of flexible plates, the size of which is not wide in width and length exceeds 0.4-0.5 the height of the sides of the container, equipped on one end with means for turning, and on the other - clamps.

This feature ensures the exclusion of damage to the equipment of the workshop and accelerate the operation of placing the container under the loading organ.

The combined use of distinctive features in the claimed device allows to obtain the required positive technical result, namely to improve the filling of the container, increase reliability and reduce the size of the system, improve sanitary and hygienic qualities during loading and transportation.

The totality of the claimed features is unknown to the applicant from the technical field and therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of novelty, the applicant has also not identified solutions having features that match his distinctive features, and the influence of the set of distinctive features on the technical result indicated by the applicant has not been established, which meets the inventive criterion level.

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 shows a system for loading fine materials, made in accordance with the invention (side view);

figure 2 shows the means of moving the container in the plan;

figure 3 shows a means for sheltering cargo;

figure 4 shows the design of the limiter in the working position;

figure 5 shows the design of the stopper in the folded position.

As shown in FIG. 1, the system includes a container 1 for fine material mounted on work trolleys 2 and 3 located on the rails, in an alternative design of the rails 4, for example, in the loading shop with the loading device 5. The traction truck 6 is connected by a hitch 7 to the nearest working trolley 2. On the traction trolley 6 and on one of the supports 8 (for example, located on the floor of the loading shop) for mounting the cable 9, blocks 10 are installed through which the cable is passed 9. Limit switches 11 are also located along the guides 4 (on the floor) ( F d.2), and in the lower part of the traction trolley 6, the bracket 12 is located so that when the trolley 6 is moved, the bracket 12 acts on the limit switches 11. In an embodiment, limiters 13 are mounted on the side wall of the container attached to the side wall of the container 1 s using the rotary loop 14 (Figure 4). At the end of the guides mounted stop 15 (Figure 1). As can be seen from Figure 5, the stops 13 in the transport position are fixed on the wall of the container 1 using the latch 16.

In the upper part of the container 1, a shaft 17 is placed, on which a shelter 18 is wound (Fig. 1), a movable carriage 19 with a fixed side of the shelter 18 and bearing assemblies 20 (Fig. 3) with bearings (not shown) whose axes are mutually perpendicular planes. The bearings can be moved along the guides 21 located along the side walls of the container 1, in the forward and reverse directions using hand winches 22, 23 and a cable 24.

Figure 2 presents the cable storage, including the cable 9, connected through blocks 10 to the drum 25 of the reversing gear motor 16, which provide direct and reverse winding of the cable 9.

Figure 3 presents the cable storage, including a cable 24 connected through blocks 27 with a manual winch 23.

Figure 4 shows the limiter 13 in the operating position. The stopper 13 is attached at one end to the side wall of the container 1 by means of a pivoting loop 14. Figure 5 shows the stopper 13 in the transport position. In this position, the limiter 13 is fixed using the latch 16, mounted on the side wall of the container 1 using the loop 14.

The system operates as follows.

Before installing the container 1 in the loading shop from the vehicle for loading, the operator, using the cable block mechanism for moving the shelter 18, rotating the winch handle 22, wraps the shelter 18 on the shaft 17, opening the upper part of the container for loading. In the variant with limiters, the limiters 13 are thrown into a horizontal position. When installing the container 1 on the trolley, the operator ensures that the limiters 13 do not touch the walls of the loading workshop, which can be equipped with special plates.

This ensures the positioning of the container 1 when it is installed on the carts 2 and 3.

Then the operator using a standard hydraulic lift and car cables (not shown) sets the container 1 on the working trolleys 2, 3, moving along the rails 4 in the initial position for loading, and connects the traction trolley 6 with the working trolley 2 using the hitch 7 and then includes auger loading device 5. The loading of the container 1 begins with ash. During the loading process, an ash cone is formed under the loading device 5. When the top of the cone reaches the set height, the sensor is triggered, the ash auger is turned off and the gear motor 26 of the container 1 moving means is turned on (Figs. 1, 2). The container 1 moves by 0.5-1.0 m and the bracket 12 acts on the limit switch 11. The drum 25 of the gear motor 26 stops rotation and the container 1 stops. At the same time, the ash feed screw of the loading device 5 is turned on. The filling of the container with ash starts again.

The indicated loading cycle is repeated until the container 1 reaches the stop 15. In this case, the last limit switch 11 changes the direction of rotation of the drum 25 of the geared motor 26. The container 1 begins to move in the opposite direction and comes to its original position. When this triggers the limit switch 11 and turns off the gear motor 26.

Then the operator, using standard equipment, installs container 1 on the vehicle and, turning the winch handle 23, acts on the carriage 19, which moves along the guides 21, moving the shelter 18. If the top of the ash cone exceeds the height of the container walls, the shelter in the process of its movement levels the surface of the loaded material. In the variant with stops, the operator puts the stops 13 in an upright position and fixes them on the side wall of the container 1 with the help of a clamp 16. After that, the container 1 is ready for further transportation.

The next truck with an empty container comes up to the loading workshop and the cycle of loading the ash container described above is repeated.

Thus, the claimed solution allows for the full loading of a large-tonnage container with fine-grained material in an autonomous mode without the need for the operator to be in a dusty and gas-polluted zone hazardous to health, as well as subsequent transportation that is safe for the environment.

Claims (3)

1. A system for loading in a loading unit and transporting fine materials containing a vehicle for transporting a container, means for moving the container during loading and a container, characterized in that the system further comprises a device for gravitational loading, means for sheltering the cargo, and means for moving of the container includes a traction drive, guides, limit switches installed along the weld, at least two working trolleys and a traction trolley connected to a hook th with the nearest working trolley mounted on the rails, a system of blocks with a towing cable, arranged in pairs on each of the end faces of the towing trolley, and at least one block located opposite the traction drive on the opposite side of the towing trolley, and the axis of rotation of these blocks extend vertically and the ends of the traction cable are fixed on a support from opposite sides of the traction trolley, while the traction cable on one side of the traction trolley bends around one pair of blocks and is mechanically connected to the traction drive, and the opposite side passes through the block on the support and goes around the second pair of blocks, while the traction trolley is equipped with a bracket located at the bottom of the trolley, and the bracket and limit switches are located relative to each other with the possibility of the bracket acting on each limit switch when moving the traction trolley along the guides, limit switches are installed at a distance of 0.5-1.0 m from one another and are electrically connected to the traction drive, and stops are installed at the end points of the guides. 2. The system for loading in the loading unit and transporting fine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for sheltering the cargo comprises a shaft, the axis of rotation of which is located along the end wall in the upper part of the container, guide carriages located along the sides of the container, a movable carriage made with the possibility of moving along the sides of the container along the guides, and on the end parts of the movable carriage mounted bearing assemblies with bearings, the axes of which are located mutually perpendicular on planar planes, a cable block device including two winches installed in the lower end and upper lateral parts of the container walls, a cable, one end of which is fixed on the first winch, and the second end passes through the blocks and is fixed on the upper part of the container, and the second winch is connected to the shaft . 3. The system for loading in the loading node and transporting fine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the container has at least a pair of stops installed on opposite sides of the container, made with the possibility of folding perpendicular to the sides of the container, in the form of flexible plates , the size of which in width and length does not exceed 0.4-0.5 of the height of the sides of the container, equipped with means for turning from one end, and fixators from the other.

Images