RU83415U1 - MEDICAL WASTE DISPOSAL - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A utilizer comprising an electric control panel, a filter unit for cleaning off-gas vapors, a packer of solid processed products, an exhaust fan, water supply valves, a temperature sensor, heating elements and a sterilization grinding chamber with a controlled airtight cover, a drain pipe and with rotating horizontal cutters, fixed in the lower part of the chamber on a vertical shaft connected to the rotor of a two-speed electric motor installed in one housing with a sterilization grinder an integral chamber and connected to an electric control panel, characterized in that it is made with two exhaust fans and two temperature control sensors, while the sterilization chamber is equipped with fixed cutters mounted on a circle on its wall and vertical rotating cutters mounted on the shaft, heating elements installed in the sterilization chamber, temperature sensors are installed on the inner and outer sides of the wall of the sterilization chamber, in the same housing as the sterilization The chamber is equipped with parallel inlet steam cooling columns with countercurrent water, the vapor outlet from these columns is connected to the filter unit, the electric control panel is equipped with a programmable controller connected to the electric motor, fans, heating elements, temperature control devices and valves, the drain pipe is equipped with a protective casing, and the filter block is made with several carbon filters and with a fine filter, one of the fans being connected to

Description

The utility model relates to means for thermal sterilization or disinfection of waste, in particular solid infected medical waste, in order to simultaneously achieve: sterilization, physical modification, dehydration, volume change, weight change.

Known devices for sterilization or disinfection of waste, in particular solid medical waste RU No. 2082436, 2089786, 2089787, 2128522, 2157951, 2204447, 2265774, 2290268, 2294802, 2331020, US No. 5089228, 5193468, 6551563, 7296688, 7373903, 7373903, 7373903, 7373903 , FR No. 2089445, 2520091, DE No. 2425007, 3513731, EP No. 0173628, 0350406.

A device for processing medical waste containing a means of crushing waste into pieces, a source of radio frequency radiation for disinfecting waste, equipped with a conveyor for receiving and moving boxes of medical waste to a means of crushing waste into pieces, which is made in the form of a grinder for crushing medical waste into pieces of size no more than 38 mm and a screw conveyor for receiving pieces of medical waste from the grinder and moving them to a container with a lid, as well as pneumatically a press to hold the container and compact the pieces of medical waste, while the radiofrequency source is made in the form of a dielectric heater for disinfection of the closed container with compacted medical waste, after which, in the course of the technological process, a baling press is installed to receive the disinfected pieces of waste from the container and compact them into block (RU 2082436).

The known device has a gasification chamber 1, equipped with devices for distributed supply of a gasifying agent with two streams 4 and 5, as well as a device 16 for supplying a heated gasification agent 17, which provides disinfection of the chamber walls. The furnace is equipped with a control device 12, to which temperature sensors 13 are connected, corresponding actuating devices 14 for controlling the flow rates and redistributing the flows of gasification agent and secondary air, and an electric heater 11. The device 12 serves to control the process, including its initiation and

subsequent automatic adjustments during operation. At the exit of the afterburner 7, a heat exchanger 15 can be installed to heat the supplied air and additional to the chimney of the draft devices 18 (ejector). (RU 2089787).

The disadvantages of these known devices are the narrowness of functionality, the complexity of the circuit built using a large number of logic elements, and, due to this, insufficient speed and reliability.

A device for sterilizing or disinfecting waste that is closest to the claimed in terms of its capabilities is also known. It contains a chamber with a diameter of 600 mm and a height of 800 mm, equipped with a coaxial rotor with knives, rotating at a speed of 750-1500 rpm and containing two blades with knives attached to a 50 kW electric motor, as well as anti-wear protective elements and 6 stationary ribs located along the lower circumference of the chamber, 29 kg of infected medical waste and 7 kg of colored plastic mass are loaded closing the chamber lid. The device is started in accordance with a programmed cycle in which a temperature of 160 ° C is reached and maintained. This temperature is reached in 5 minutes, after which the control and water supply system is turned off and the temperature is maintained at this level for approximately 29 minutes. At the end of this stage, the rotor speed automatically decreases to 750 rpm and the temperature decreases to 80 ° C in 2 minutes due to the dosed water supply. The cooling stage begins by blowing air into the jacket for 10 minutes, after which the material temperature reaches 60 ° C; opening the valve causes automatic discharge of granular and sterilized material within approximately 1 minute. (RU 2128522, prototype).

The disadvantages of the known devices are the long duration of the waste treatment, the narrowness of the functionality, the low degree of grinding and, accordingly, the reduction in the volume of processed products, the increased energy consumption by the electric motor, the duration of the waste treatment cycle due to the fact that heating in the sterilization chamber is performed only by converting mechanical energy cutting into the heat (there is no supply of heat to the sterilization chamber from the outside), the impossibility of opening the packages loaded into a sterilization chamber, as horizontal cutters cannot

guaranteed to open all packages, the lack of effective means of grinding around the perimeter of the bottom of the chamber, low operational safety due to the lack of control of the outside temperature of the chamber and the possibility of discharge of insufficiently cooled steam, as well as inefficient collection of processed products that do not ensure their quick use.

The technical task of the utility model is to create an effective utilizer and expand the arsenal of utilizers.

The technical result that provides the solution of the problem lies in expanding the functionality for processing a variety of medical waste, increasing the degree of grinding and, accordingly, reducing the volume of processed products, reducing the electric power consumption by an electric motor, and reducing the waste treatment cycle due to the heating in the sterilization chamber not only due to the conversion of mechanical cutting energy into heat, but also due to the operation of resistors having a high efficiency, providing during the opening of packages loaded into the sterilization chamber, as vertical cutters can guaranteedly open all packages, ensuring effective fine grinding throughout the volume and perimeter of the bottom of the chamber due to the presence of fixed cutters, increasing operational safety due to the control of the outside temperature of the chamber and eliminating the possibility of discharge of insufficiently cooled steam, as well as the efficient collection of processed products into the bag filling providing their fast packing.

The utilizer can be used for the treatment of solid medical waste containing liquids, possibly infected with pathogenic microorganisms, coming from hospitals, laboratories, medical research centers, medical institutes, dialysis complexes, departments of infectious diseases, etc., including: disposable and reusable syringes , needles, disposable scalpels, probes, dialysis plates with connection channels, filters, fabrics, dressings, tampons, cotton and cellulose materials, absorbents, tips, cathetes EASURES, bags, bottles of plastic or glass, plastic film, a box made of plastic or cardboard, biological cultures, specimens, laboratory, surgical waste, food waste, paper, materials similar to the aforementioned.

The essence of the utility model is. that the utilizer contains

electric control panel, filter block for cleaning exhaust vapors, packer of solid processed products, exhaust fan, water supply valves, temperature sensor, heating elements and a sterilization grinding chamber with a controlled airtight cover, a drain pipe and with rotating horizontal cutters fixed to the bottom of the camera on a vertical shaft connected to the rotor of a two-speed electric motor installed in one housing with a sterilization grinding chamber and connecting to the electric control panel, and it is made with two exhaust fans and two temperature control sensors, while the sterilization chamber is equipped with fixed cutters mounted on a circle on its wall and vertical rotating cutters mounted on the shaft, heating elements are installed in the sterilization chamber, sensors temperatures are installed on the inner and outer sides of the wall of the sterilization chamber, in the same housing as the sterilization chamber are installed in parallel with the inlet of the vapor cooling columns countercurrent with water connected to it, the outlet of the vapors from the indicated columns is connected to the filter unit, the electrical control panel is equipped with a programmable controller connected to the electric motor, fans, heating elements, temperature control devices and valves, the drain pipe is equipped with a protective casing, and the filter unit is made with several carbon filters and with a fine filter, moreover, one of the fans is connected to the output of the cooling columns by an input and an input to the input house filters in a filter unit, a fan connected to the other outlet to the atmosphere, and inputs - with the release filter, the drain pipe and casing packer solid processed products, a feed opening which is connected with a drain pipe.

Preferably, the vertical rotating incisors are circular and the horizontal ones are flat, while the stationary incisors are installed along the perimeter of the chamber bottom through the through slots, the lid of the sterilization chamber is equipped with a closed-state sensor, the filter unit is made with four carbon filters, the sterilization chamber is cylindrical with spray injectors water, the fan is connected to the upper opening of the packer of solid processed products, another receiving opening of which is associated with the drain Cuttings formed and arranged suction

horizontally, the utilizer is equipped with injection of hypochlorous acid salt into the sterilization chamber.

The drawing of Fig. 1 shows a schematic spatial block diagram of a medical waste utilizer in an axonometric (volumetric) projection, Fig. 2 is a top view of the equipment of the housing of the sterilization chamber, Fig. 3 is a side elevational view of the equipment of the housing of the sterilization chamber, figure 4 is a filter block, figure 5 is a packer (bag filling), figure 6 is a temperature graph of the automatic cycle of the utilizer.

The drawings indicate: a two-speed electric motor 1, horizontal flat rotating cutters 2, stationary flat cutters 3 (of which there can be two or more), vertical ring rotating cutters 4, belt drive 5 with three belts, block 6 of the shaft bearings (not shown) of rotating cutters 2, 4, temperature sensors 7, 8 mounted on the inner and outer, respectively, sides of the wall of the sterilization grinding chamber 10, electrically operated valves 9, 11, non-return (non-return) valve 12, outlet door 13, filter 14 thinly purification (absolute), the carbon filters 15, exhaust fans 16, 17, packer (meshkonapolnitel) 18, an electrical control panel 19 with a programmable logic. controller 20, amperometric interface 21, electronic circuit 22 (PLC) for connecting sensors 7.8 to controller 20, block 23, in which filters 14, 15 and fan 16 are mounted, housing 24, in which a cylindrical sterilization chamber 10 is mounted, electric motor 1 , gear 5, block 6, valves 9, 11, 12, circuit 22, door 13, drain pipe 26 and cooling columns 25 and gear 5. Packer-bag filler 18 has a container 27, a horizontally arranged inlet opening 28 for suction of processed products (made suction), upper bore The opening 32 of the outlet of gaseous products to the fan 17 is mounted on wheels 29 and equipped with a transport handle 30. Cutters 2, 3, 4 and heating elements - resistors (not shown) are located in the chamber 10, which has injectors 31 for water supply and a sensor (not shown) the closed state of its cover (not indicated). The pipe 26 is equipped with a protective casing 33. Each of the fans 16, 17 has its own small-sized drive electric motor (not shown) connected to the controller 20. The fan 16 is connected to the output of the columns by an input (suction)

cooling, and the output (discharge) with the input of the filters 15 in the block 23 of the filters. The fan 17 is connected to the outlet (forcing) with the atmosphere, and the inlets (suction) to the output of the filter unit 23, the casing 33 and the packer 18 of solid processed products, the inlet 28 of which is connected to the drain pipe 26. The software is installed at the factory and is located in the erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) of the central processor (not shown) of the programmable logic controller 20. Temporary program settings are stored in the memory of the controller 20 running on a lithium battery, and can change only by the programmer. All equipment monitoring and control devices are located on the electric console 19. The utilizer is equipped with injection of hypochlorous acid salt, for example, a special pump (not shown) in the sterilization chamber 10.

The utilizer works as follows

For operation, the utilizer is connected to a 400 V three-phase electric network with neutral and ground, an air pneumatic system with a pressure of up to 8 bar, to a water supply system using a conventional 3/4 "tap, and to a sewage network using a 50 mm pipe.

Power consumption: up to 30 kV.

Water consumption is approximately 120 liters per hour.

The consumption of hypochlorous acid salt is approximately 0.4 liters per hour.

The water discharged into the sewage network complies with environmental standards, as follows from the analysis certificates available from the developer.

The utilizer does not produce waste other than the material being processed.

The air at the outlet of the installation complies with environmental standards, which is confirmed by certificates stored at the factory. The air discharged from the utilizer by the fan 17 complies with environmental standards, as follows from the test certificates available from the developer.

Before being discharged into the atmosphere, air and steam passes through a filter group of 4 activated carbon filters 15, and then through an absolute filter 14 of high performance. The efficiency of this absolute filter 15 is ≥99.99%. More than 95% of the gaseous waste passes through the filters 14, 15, the rest comes from the casing 33 and the holes 32 periodically for a short time.

Water discharged into the sewer complies with environmental standards, as evidenced by certificates stored at the factory.

Noises are suppressed using polyurethane plates. The noted noise level is: 76 dB (A)

The unit is intended for processing only these materials.

The automatic cycle of the utilizer after loading the waste to be disposed of consists of five phases marked with Roman numerals in the graph of Fig.6.

- Phase I. Loading and heating material - Phase II. Evaporation of liquids - Phase III. Warming up and sterilization - PHASE IV. Cooling  Phase V. Discharge after sterilization

All processes are performed automatically. Worker participation is required only during the material loading phase. Throughout the process, the temperature is constantly monitored.

At the beginning of the automatic cycle, if there is a signal from the closed state sensor that the lid of the sterilization chamber 10 is closed, the electric motor 1 is started at a low speed of 1290-1550 rpm, the exhaust fan 17 of the filters 14, 15 are started and the heating resistor elements are turned on. The movement is transmitted to the shaft with cutters 2.4 in the chamber 10 by means of three transmission belts 5 directly, without the use of other intermediate mechanical units.

Horizontal flat rotary cutters 2, stationary flat cutters 3 and vertical ring rotary cutters 4 provide quick and efficient opening of packages (bags, ligaments) and fine grinding of the loaded waste in mutually perpendicular planes, preventing jamming of unshredded pieces near the chamber wall 10. Mechanical energy, dissipated during cutting, passes into thermal energy, however, the heating elements allow the necessary fast heating of the processed waste, we include e during grinding than the duration of this phase of the cycle is significantly reduced.

When the temperature reaches 60 ° C according to the testimony of the sensor 7, at the command of the controller 20, the water supply valve 11 opens and water begins to be supplied to the cooling columns 25 (countercurrent to the flow coming from the chamber 10). At the indicated temperature, the air leaving the chamber 10 is too hot for carbon filters 15, which can lead to a rapid depletion of coal. For this reason, the steam must be cooled by countercurrent water along the outer jacket of the columns 25. In this phase of the cycle, the steam is discharged by the fan 17 into the atmosphere.

4 minutes after the start of the cycle (this value can be changed by the program of the controller 20), the process of grinding the material is completed, and the rotation of the cutters 2, 4 goes from low to high speed. In this case, the electric motor 1 operates at a speed of 2700-2900 rpm, at which (with the participation of the heating elements) high heating is achieved - to a temperature sufficient to sterilize the waste. The temperature in the chamber 10 is constantly monitored by a temperature sensor 7, connected via an electronic circuit 22 to a programmable logic controller 20.

The transition from low to high speed of the motor 1 is controlled by a programmable logic controller 20 via amperometric interface 21, which provides low current absorption and at the same time protects the motor 1 from overheating.

Circuit 22 maintains a stable current value. In this case, when the resistance value of the sensor 7 changes, which varies in proportion to temperature fluctuations, the voltage at the terminals of the circuit also changes. The controller 20 continuously monitors the temperature in the chamber 10, for which it continuously measures this value using the temperature sensor 7. The second temperature sensor 8 serves to monitor the safe outside temperature of the chamber 10.

Each of the sensors 7, 8 consists of a thermocouple and its own control circuit. When the limit temperature is reached, the material is cooled inside the chamber 10. The effect is achieved by opening the valve 9. All valves 9, 11 are automatically controlled by a programmable logic controller 20.

At a sufficiently low temperature, the material due to centrifugal force is discharged through the exit door 13 into the volume of the casing 33 of the drain pipe 26. The gaseous component is removed using an exhaust fan 17.

In the processing cycle in the chamber 10 by means of an exhaust fan 16, the pressure is maintained below the external atmospheric pressure. Air is supplied through valve 12, exits along with the vapors emitted by the heated material, passes through two cooling columns 25, in which the vapors are cooled by water supplied in countercurrent relative to the movement of the vapors. Vapors are removed only after passing through four carbon filters 15 and one absolute filter 14. All filters 14, 15 are installed on the exhaust fan 16 inside the filter unit 23.

Upon reaching a temperature of 90 ° C in the chamber 10, an injection of hypochlorous acid salt into the chamber 10 can be performed.

Upon reaching a temperature of 100 ° C, the phase of evaporation of the water contained in the waste begins. The temperature does not rise until the water has completely evaporated.

When the temperature reaches 120 ° C, the heating elements - resistors are turned off.

Upon reaching a temperature of 150 ° C, the sterilization process is completed and the last part of the cycle begins. Processing products cannot be discharged at this temperature - the cooling phase begins. Electric motor 1 goes from high to low speed. Using injectors 31, water is supplied to chamber 10.

Processing products can be discharged when the temperature reaches 95 ° C, but first you must wait 29 seconds until all the steam comes out of the chamber 10 through the filter block 23, and not through the drain pipe 26.

Then the drain pipe 26 opens and the discharge of the processed products into the packer (bag filler) 18 begins, in which the equipment for suction and packing of the processed products in plastic bags is installed.

Two minutes after the discharge of processed products, the cycle ends.

As a result, functionality is expanded for the treatment of a variety of medical waste, with an increase in the degree of grinding and, accordingly, a decrease in the volume of processed products, a reduction in the electric power consumption by an electric motor, a reduction in the waste treatment cycle, the opening of packages loaded into the sterilization chamber, and efficient collection of processed products in a bag filler, providing their fast packing.

Claims (7)

1. A utilizer comprising an electric control panel, a filter unit for cleaning off-gas vapors, a packer of solid processed products, an exhaust fan, water supply valves, a temperature sensor, heating elements and a sterilization grinding chamber with a controlled airtight cover, a drain pipe and with rotating horizontal cutters, fixed in the lower part of the chamber on a vertical shaft connected to the rotor of a two-speed electric motor installed in one housing with a sterilization grinder an integral chamber and connected to an electric control panel, characterized in that it is made with two exhaust fans and two temperature control sensors, while the sterilization chamber is equipped with fixed cutters mounted on a circle on its wall and vertical rotating cutters mounted on the shaft, heating elements installed in the sterilization chamber, temperature sensors are installed on the inner and outer sides of the wall of the sterilization chamber, in the same housing as the sterilization The chamber is equipped with parallel inlet steam cooling columns with countercurrent water, the vapor output from these columns is connected to the filter unit, the electric control panel is equipped with a programmable controller connected to the electric motor, fans, heating elements, temperature control devices and valves, the drain pipe is equipped with a protective casing, and the filter block is made with several carbon filters and with a fine filter, one of the fans being connected to Odom cooling columns, and output - with an input of the filters in the filter unit, another fan connected to the output from the atmosphere, and inputs - with the release filter, the drain pipe and casing packer solid processed products, a feed opening which is connected with a drain pipe. 2. The utilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical rotating incisors are made circular and the horizontal ones are flat, while the stationary incisors are installed along the perimeter of the bottom of the chamber through the through slots. 3. The utilizer according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the lid of the sterilization chamber is equipped with a closed state sensor. 4. The utilizer according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the filter unit is made with four carbon filters. 5. The utilizer according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the sterilization chamber is cylindrical, with water spray injectors. 6. The utilizer according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that the fan is connected to the upper opening of the packer of solid processed products, the other receiving opening of which is connected with the drain pipe, is made suction and is located horizontally. 7. The utilizer according to any one of claims 1, 2, characterized in that it is equipped with injection of hypochlorous acid salt into the sterilization chamber.