RU76195U1 - Soil cultivating tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of agriculture. The tillage implement contains: a frame, knife-shaped racks with slots, legs, traction for connecting to the tractor, support wheels, a mechanism for adjusting the depth of processing, and at least one prestressed string located between two or more racks. 1 s.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

The tillage implement carries out deep loosening of the soil without turning the bed and additional loosening using a prestressed string. The degree of loosening in depth can be changed depending on soil properties, weather and climate conditions or agrotechnical requirements, varying the number of prestressed strings or their location in space.

The invention improves the productivity of degenerated, degraded, re-compacted meadows and pastures due to additional softening of the soil over the entire width of the cultivation, improving the water-air regime of the soil, more complete decomposition of organic residues and improving plant nutrition. The invention allows to combine the operation of deep cultivation of the soil with the destruction of weeds, partial leveling of the soil surface, for example, when processing unused arable land.

Description

A tillage implement relates to agriculture, in particular, to technical means for improving degenerated meadows, knocked out and degraded pastures, for subsurface tillage, for example, unused arable land.

Analogs are known, for example, the KSH-3.6 trailed boom cultivator - designed for loosening the soil and cleaning weeds from fields by means of a working body - a square section bar located across the movement of the implement (N. Korsun. Aggregation of T-15 0 and T tractors -150K with agricultural machines.M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1975. - S.112-113). With a working width of one cultivator - 3.7 m and a working depth of 5-10 cm, a traction force of 30 kN of the T-150 tractor is enough to aggregate 3 cultivators connected by an SP-11 hitch for the entire range of recommended operating speeds: 7-10 km / h

However, the working body of the cultivator KSh-3.6 in the context has the shape of a square of large cross section, which entails a significant increase in traction resistance of this implement. Moreover, soil cultivation is carried out only in one plane, i.e. in one layer of soil. The cultivator KSh-3.6 is not operational in the meadows and pastures, because due to the high resistance, the rod will not be functional.

Known tillage tool adopted for the prototype (RU, patent No. 2233049, 2003.04.11), used to radically improve the degraded pasture of the semi-desert zone by means of knife-shaped racks with cultivating paws, equipped with arcuate elements, through which increase the volume of cut in the soil

cracks and at the same time cut off parts of the roots, prompting them to form new roots. When re-passing the tillage implement, the racks form a subsoil horizontal trench with voids that are filled with moisture during the autumn-winter period.

However, such a tillage implement has significant drawbacks. Loosening of the soil is carried out with a wide row spacing, and the soil is divided only into large fractions, that is, to improve the water-air regime of the soil on over-compacted and knocked out pastures, it will require additional mechanical treatment. A significant part of the soil strip along the width of the implement’s implements in the tractor’s rut is not processed at all and will remain re-compacted after its passage. High soil density will cause a slowdown in the development and growth of plants, which will ultimately lead to a shortage of grass yield compared to the potential value under more favorable soil conditions in the root zone of plants.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that if the well-known tillage implement (patent RU No. 2233049) perform deep loosening of the soil using racks, then, according to the invention, loosening the soil layer is performed over the entire width of the treatment using a prestressed string, and the degree of loosening of the soil along it depth can be carried out differentially depending on the physical (actual) state of the soil, on weather and climate conditions or depending on agrotechnical requirements for specific plants, according to redstvom quantity change prestressed strings or their relative position in space.

The aim of the invention is to increase the productivity of both natural and seeded overconsolidated degenerate and

degraded meadows and pastures, improving the physical properties and water-air regime of the soil, as well as the destruction of weeds on unused arable land.

The technical result of the invention consists in softening the soil, increasing the uniformity and quality of loosening the soil formation, improving the physical properties of the soil, its water-air regime, more complete decomposition of organic residues, improving plant nutrition, creating more favorable conditions for plant growth and development.

The solution to the problem of increasing the productivity of fodder land will be achieved thanks to a prestressed string due to better loosening of the subsoil layer over the entire working width of the implement’s capture, and not only at the location of the racks, as in the prototype. Moreover, the proposed tillage tool provides for the possibility of varying the degree of loosening of the soil in depth depending on its physical and mechanical properties by changing the number of prestressed strings.

Destruction of weeds, as well as improving the physical properties and water-air regime of the soil will be carried out by additional, more complete loosening of the entire soil monolith in the treated area using a prestressed string.

A more intensive loosening of the soil layer in its width and depth of processing in comparison with the prototype will improve the porosity of the soil, which will facilitate the penetration of water and air into it. All this will contribute to the normal development and growth of plants, both by creating more favorable conditions in the root zone, and by more complete decomposition of organic residues in the soil and improving plant nutrition.

In addition, due to the use of prestressed strings, in the process of tillage, partial

alignment of the microrelief (soil surface). The exclusion of mixing of soil layers along the depth of processing will favorably affect the life of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms, which can actively develop, respectively, with or without oxygen in the soil.

The tillage implement contains a frame 1, racks 2 and legs 3 with a cutting edge 12, support wheels 8 with a mechanism for adjusting the working depth 9, fixed in the slots 13, a prestressed string 10 by means of washers 11, and the implement itself is connected via rods 4, 5 and 6 with tractor 7.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in Fig. 1 a tillage implement - a top view, in Fig. 2 a tillage implement - a rear view, in Fig. 3 an embodiment of a prestressed string in a free state, in Fig. 4, a stand 2 connected to paw 3, with slots 13.

When a tillage implement moves in a meadow or pasture, the racks 2 cut the soil, performing the deep loosening and partial destruction of the monolithic soil formation into separate large fractions due to the speed pressure from the movement of the stands, and due to the impact of the raised soil formation on the bottom of the furrow after the passage of the implement . At the same time, a prestressed string 10, fixed in the slots 13 by means of washers 11, cuts the soil layer along the working width in the implement processing strip, thereby additionally loosens and crushes the soil, creating more favorable conditions for the penetration and distribution of both water and air in the soil layers . Depending on the initial state of the soil (density, moisture, etc.), by varying the number of prestressed strings, their mutual arrangement, they achieve the required degree of decompression and

grinding the soil in depth in relation to the type of soil and other significant conditions.

The prestressed string of the tillage implement is made of a material with high tensile strength, for example, alloy steel, spring-spring steel or other materials. The diameter of the prestressed string is selected depending on:

- physical and mechanical properties of the soil (hardness, density, humidity, etc.);

- the presence or absence of stones in the soil;

- the presence of plant roots in the soil and their quantity, the connectedness of turf, etc.

The traction resistance of a tillage implement will depend on the diameter of the prestressed string and the number of strings.

Calculation example to confirm the performance of a prestressed string.

We accept the following assumptions:

P - traction force of a tractor of class 14 kN (1400 kG). The distance between the uprights is 3.2 m. The number of prestressed strings is 1 pc.

As a prestressed string, we take a steel wire of chromium vanadium (GOST 3704-77) grade 50XFA, with tensile strength [b _in ] = 150 kg / mm ² . It is known that tensile stress is determined from the expression:

where F is the cross-sectional area of a prestressed string, we define from the expression: substitute the numerical values of R.

The area of the circle is F = πR ² , where R is the radius of the wire:

The diameter of the wire D is taken with a safety factor of K = 2, then: D = 2 × R × 2 = 6.88 mm, rounded to D = 7 mm. A wire diameter of 7 mm is enough to ensure the working capacity of a tillage implement with double safety margin when aggregated with a tractor (traction 14 kN).

We will calculate the traction from one prestressed string, it is equal to:

P _t = K × S, where K is the specific resistance to soil cutting for the feather grass steppe (the maximum possible) is 1.2-1.6 kg / cm ² (A.V. Krasnichenko. Reference book of the designer of agricultural machines. M., 1961. - C.3).

S is the cutting area of a prestressed string.

S = D × L, where D is the diameter of the prestressed string, and L is the distance between the posts.

S = 0.007 × 3.2 = 0.0224 m ² , (or 224 cm ² ), then: RT = 1.6 × 224 = 358.4 kg.

The resistance from one prestressed string in comparison with the pulling force of the tractor is negligible. The maximum number of prestressed strings is determined from the expression:

Taking into account the traction resistance from the uprights, it is necessary to reduce the number of prestressed strings or use the tractor traction class of 30 kN for 4 prestressed strings.

By reducing the working width of the tillage implement and the depth of processing (thereby reducing the traction force of the tillage implement), you can use the muscular force of animals or others as traction force. Moreover, the thickness of the prestressed string

reduce to the minimum possible, based on the limitation - the ultimate effort to break it.

Claims (2)

1. A tillage implement containing a frame, support wheels, a mechanism for adjusting the working depth, legs and knife-shaped racks, characterized in that the knife-shaped racks are equipped with slots, through which a prestressed string is fixed between the knife-shaped racks. 2. A tillage implement according to claim 1, characterized in that it has more than one prestressed string.