RU74197U1 - SINGLE COMPONENT BULLET - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to military equipment and can be used in the development of ammunition for small arms. A one-component bullet having a head, tail and cylindrical part with grooves and jumpers. It is made of steel, the diameter of the grooves is less than the diameter of the bore in the rifling fields, the volume of the groove is larger than the volume of the jumper under the rifling field, the head and tail of the bullet are made in the form of convex or concave or conical bodies of revolution or in the form of combinations thereof, while the material of the head part has a hardness equal to or greater than the cylindrical and tail parts, and the cylindrical part with grooves and jumpers is coated with an antifriction compound. The proposed single-component bullet has high combat efficiency and low manufacturing cost.

Description

The utility model relates to military equipment and can be used in the development of ammunition for small arms.

Known single-component French lead bullet "D" (Desalle) to the cartridge 8 × 50P (see A.B. Zhuk "Encyclopedia of small arms", "Military Publishing", Moscow, 2002, p.747). The bullet has a traditional shape with a lively head, cylindrical and tail, made in the form of a truncated cone.

The disadvantages of such a bullet are:

- low lead strength (σ _in = (5 ... 5.5) kg / sq. mm), which excludes its use in high-energy weapons due to the destruction of the supporting surface from the force of the war face and the rotation of the bullet in the barrel;

- the complete absence of armor-piercing action due to the low strength and hardness of lead;

- A significant loss of speed during flight due to significant bottom resistance.

Closest to the proposed pool is the one-component brass bullet from Brass Power Bullets, adopted as a prototype (see Walter Schulz “Sophisticated Design” DWJ, Issue No. 1, 2006, p. 53). The bullet has a traditional shape with a lively head, cylindrical and tail, made in the form of a truncated cone. On the cylindrical (leading) part of the bullet there are grooves with chamfers on the side of the head part, the diameter of which is equal to the diameter of the barrel channel along the groove fields (caliber), the diameter of the jumpers between the grooves corresponds to the diameter of the barrel along the bottom of the grooves.

The design of the bullet has the following disadvantages:

- almost zero armor-piercing action due to the low strength of brass (σ _in = (30 ... 35) kg / sq. mm), low hardness and impossibility

hardening;

- reduced, due to the introduction of grooves, the supporting area on the combat face, together with the low strength of brass, limits the amount of force of the combat face when firing a bullet in the barrel, which reduces the possibility of increasing the initial velocity of the bullet (firing range);

- the diameter of the grooves, equal to the diameter of the trunk along the rifling fields, does not allow the jumper material displaced by the conical slope of the rifling fields, which leads to an increase in the load on the trunk and crumbling of brass;

- a significant drop in the velocity of the bullet along the trajectory due to the bottom drag of the flat bottom, which is 70-80% for subsonic bullets, and 35-40% of the total aerodynamic drag for supersonic bullets;

- the impact of the powder gases on the flat bottom of the bullet behind the muzzle end (the period of the aftereffect of the powder gases) worsens the initial conditions of the bullet’s flight, increasing the precession oscillations of the bullet along the flight path, which reduces the accuracy of the battle.

All this reduces the combat effectiveness of single-component brass bullets.

- high cost (1 kg of brass costs 240 ... 260 rubles.).

The problem solved by the proposed utility model is to increase the combat effectiveness of single-component bullets and reduce the cost of their manufacture.

The problem is achieved in that a single-component bullet having a head, tail and cylindrical part with grooves and jumpers, it is made of steel, the grooves have a diameter smaller than the diameter of the barrel bore in the rifling fields, the groove volume is larger than the volume of the jumper under the rifling field, the head and tail bullets are made in the form of convex or concave or conical bodies of revolution or in the form of their

combinations, while the material of the head part has a hardness equal to or greater than the tail and cylindrical parts, and the cylindrical part with grooves is coated with an antifriction compound.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the design of the proposed bullet; figure 2 - the process of deformation of the jumper bullets conical slope of the rifling fields; figure 3 - loading the bullet when moving in the barrel; figure 4 - flow around the bullet powder gases in the aftereffect; figure 5 - flow around the air stream of a subsonic (a) and supersonic (b) bullet.

The proposed one-component bullet (figure 1) is made of steel and has a head 1, tail 2 and a cylindrical (leading) part 3 with grooves 4 of arbitrary shape (for example: rectangular, trapezoidal, etc.), the diameter of which d _{1 is} less than the diameter of the channel the trunk along the rifling fields d (gauge) and jumpers 5, the head part 1 and the tail part 2 are made in the form of convex 6 or concave 7 or conical 8 bodies of revolution or in the form of their combinations, while the material of the head part has a greater hardness than cylindrical and tail parts and cylindrical hour with grooves and jumpers covered with anti-friction compound 9.

A one-component steel bullet operates as follows:

when the bullet moves in the pool entrance of the bore 1 (Fig. 2), the conical slope of the rifled field 2 is pressed into the jumper 3 between the grooves 4, deforming the bullet material in the radial direction and displacing it (upsetting) into the groove 4, while for free placement of the displaced the material of the jumpers 3 into the grooves 4 the volume under the groove field of the groove V ₁ must exceed the volume of the jumpers V ₂ ; non-deformable sections of the jumpers 5 together form a supporting surface for perceiving the forces of the combat face, and

antifriction composition reduces friction and facilitates the entry of a bullet into the barrel;

when bullets motion in (3) faces the bore rifling N combat perceived effort undeformable portions of webs 1, the reduction of the support surface due to the increased strength of the grooves is offset bullet material (for example steel A20 σ _in = (45-53 kg / sq .mm), and the antifriction composition extruded from the grooves 2 helps to reduce friction;

when the bullet 1 passes the muzzle cut 2 (Fig. 4), the powder gases 3 are shockless, smoothly flow around the tail part, which is still in the barrel, stabilizing (leveling) the movement of the bullet at the beginning of the flight, which leads to a decrease in precession oscillations and an increase in the accuracy of the battle;

when a bullet moves along a trajectory with subsonic speed (Fig. 5a), the tail of the bullet, made in the form of a convex 1 or concave 2 or conical 3 body of revolution, provides a smooth (without disruption) airflow around the bullet 4, excluding the formation of a discharge zone behind the bullet and thus reducing bottom resistance; when the bullet moves at supersonic speeds (Fig.5b), the concave head 2 allows the front of the shock wave 1 with high pressure to be moved forward, ensuring the bullet moves in the zone of significant rarefaction (in the cavity) 3, which reduces the level of the wave component of aerodynamic drag.

In comparison with the prototype, the proposed single-component bullet has the following advantages:

- high combat effectiveness, as sufficient armor-piercing action is achieved due to the greater strength of the material and the possibility of increasing the hardness of the head; due to the high strength of the material, the bullet allows you to perceive large loads from the side of the war face, which makes it possible to increase

the initial velocity of the bullet and, as a result, the firing range and armor penetration; the introduction of grooves whose diameter is smaller than the diameter of the bore in the rifling fields allows the jumper material to be displaced by the conical ramp of the rifled field in the radial direction into the grooves, which in combination with the coating of the cylindrical part with grooves and jumpers with an antifriction composition facilitates the entry of the bullet into the bullet entrance and bullet movement in the barrel; the use of convex or concave or conical bodies of rotation for the head and tail of the bullet, as well as their combinations, reduces the disturbing effect of powder gases during the passage of the muzzle cut bullet and reduces the aerodynamic drag of the bullet in flight, which increases the firing range and accuracy of battle;

- low cost (cost of 1 kg of steel 20 ... 22rub).

Thus, in terms of the combination of positive properties, the task of increasing combat effectiveness and reducing the cost of manufacturing single-component bullets seems to be solved.

A comparative assessment of the forcing and twisting forces of brass and steel bullet samples in barrels of various calibres showed that by varying the diameter, shape and width of the grooves and lintels of the steel bullet, it is possible to ensure equality, reduction or increase in the effort of moving the proposed bullet relative to brass without reducing the strength of the fighting force facets.

Claims (1)

A one-component bullet having a head, tail and cylindrical part with grooves and jumpers, characterized in that it is made of steel, the diameter of the grooves is less than the diameter of the barrel bore in the rifling fields, the volume of the groove is larger than the volume of the jumper under the rifling field, the head and tail of the bullet are made in in the form of convex, or concave, or conical bodies of revolution, or in the form of combinations thereof, while the material of the head part has a hardness equal to or greater than the cylindrical and tail parts, and the cylindrical part with grooves and per Sliver coated antifriction composition.