RU72056U1 - BATTLE DIVISION OF THE TANK - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The fighting compartment of the tank, containing an armored turret with a gun, equipment for controlling the loading and firing process, an ambitious transport-loading container with a magazine for placing shots or their elements, and a loading automatic with a rammer, a second automatic loading device located in the tank’s tower, equipped a carousel-type conveyor with cassettes for stacking shots or their elements and a through tray placed in place of one of the cassettes, equipped with a mechanism for lifting the cassettes to the delivery line, different in that there is an additional rammer used when loading rounds or components thereof from the conveyor carousel, located in zone kasset.2 lifting mechanism. The fighting compartment of the tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional rammer is mounted on the racks of the cassette lifting mechanism, making it possible for the scot to exit from below to the shot sending line. 3. The fighting compartment of the tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional rammer is mounted on an arm on the rear wall of the tower with the possibility of exit of the bottom from the bottom to the line of sending the shot.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the field of armored vehicles, and specifically, to the fighting compartments of tanks, and can be used to develop new models of equipment or upgrade an existing fleet of technically obsolete tanks.

It is well known that the use of tanks on the battlefield provides for their multifunctional use, including the use against fortified strong points, tank dangerous armored targets, including enemy tanks, as well as against manpower. In this regard, the tank gun, as the main weapon of the tank, located in the fighting compartment in the tank tower, is equipped with various types of shells: armor-piercing and anti-caliber - for firing at fortified points and armored targets, high-explosive or high-explosive fragmentation - for use against enemy manpower . Recently, armor-piercing - sub-caliber shells serving to destroy mainly armored targets have become widespread [1, pp. 4-13].

In modern tanks, the laying of the ammunition for the gun is located mainly in the automatic loader and, in part, in non-mechanized laying. In this case, unitary-type tank shots are used, including a shell and a charge, as well as shots arranged element-by-element (a shell separately, a charge separately), combined into a shot on the line of sending to the gun, or directly in the gun [1, p. 30-37] . Further in the text of the description, where the specific name "shell" or "charge" will not be required, the projectile and charge not combined into a unitary shot will be referred to collectively as an element of the shot.

The combat compartment of the T-72 tanks and their modifications is known, containing an armored turret, a cannon with a breech, an automatic loader and devices for controlling the loading and firing processes [2, pp. 47-57 and 107-157]. The automatic loader is located in the tower near the bottom of the tank, equipped with a carousel-type conveyor and equipped with a mechanism for raising shots. Cassettes for packing are evenly mounted on the carousel-type conveyor frame

shots, with the projectile placed in the lower tube of the cartridge, and the charge in the upper tube of the cartridge.

Having a compact scheme of the fighting compartment, the T-72 tank ceases to meet modern requirements, based on the following. In modern domestic and foreign tanks, including Leclerc, Abrams, and Leopard-2 modifications, the frontal projection protection was significantly increased [1, pp. 154-159, 166-172]. The effectiveness of armor-piercing shells, in response to increased protection, also increased due to the increase, mainly, of the active part with a sub-caliber core [3, pp. 62-67] made of high-density metal, for example, depleted uranium, as well as by imparting higher initial projectile speed using a more powerful charge. It is not possible to place such elongated shells in the T-72 loader, especially unitary shots.

Known fighting compartment of the French tank "Leclerc" [1, p.153-157] with an armored turret, a gun with a breech, automatic loader and components of control systems for loading and firing. An automatic loader is located in the niche of the tower in the transport-loading container on its rear side, equipped with a magazine for stacking shots and a mechanism for sending shots. Since the length of the container in the back is not limited (within acceptable limits from the standpoint of matching other tactical and technical characteristics presented to the tank), it is easy to place the aforementioned elongated shots of increased power in the autoloader’s store, which provides an advantage for a tank with such a fighting compartment in the fight against tanks.

The fighting compartment of the applicant’s tank [4] is known. In the embodiment of the well-known fighting compartment according to claim 1 of the source [4], which is adopted as a prototype for most essential features, the fighting compartment of the tank contains an armored turret, a cannon with a breech and its guard, mounted in the rear of the turret (insane) transport loading container with a magazine for placing shots or its elements. The store is equipped with an automatic loader and rammer shot or its elements. A second automatic loader is located in the tank’s tower, equipped with a carousel-type conveyor with cartridges for stacking shots or shot elements located at the bottom of the tank’s hull. For this autoloader there is a mechanism for lifting cartridges with a shot

or its element to the line of sending. In the carousel type conveyor, instead of one of the cartridges, a support (passage) tray is placed, which is led out to the delivery line when loading from an ambitious transport-loading container and serves to direct the dispatch of a shot or its element in the area between the cartridge lifting mechanism and the tank gun charging chamber. As a rammer when loading ammunition lifted from a carousel-type conveyor, a rammer of a loaded automatic loader is used. At the same time, the shot from the carousel-type conveyor is dispensed in two steps of the rammer: first, the carousel-type conveyor cassette is installed on the sending line with the lower tube with the projectile, after which the projectile is sent to the gun’s charging chamber, and then, after the upper cartridge tube is sent to the sending line, charge is sent. The fighting compartment also contains devices for loading and firing process control systems. This design of the fighting compartment allows, first of all, to use high-power shells, placing them in a transport-loading container, as well as to increase the total ammunition of the tank and increase its efficiency based on tactical requirements.

However, the prototype has a drawback, which, when eliminated, can significantly increase the combat effectiveness of the tank. It consists in the fact that with a penetrating defeat of an ambitious transport-loading container (or an explosion of ammunition in it), the tank’s fighting compartment loses the possibility of conducting automated fire, since with such a defeat, among other mechanisms, the mechanism for sending shots to the gun’s charging chamber can be disabled and the remaining automatic loader located in the tower without its own rammer cannot be used to conduct automated fire. The mentioned drawback reduces the military-technical effectiveness of the well-known fighting compartment and, in general, the tank.

The objective of this utility model is to increase the military-technical efficiency of the fighting compartment of the tank.

The technical result achieved by the utility model is to increase the stability of the process of automated loading of a tank gun.

This problem is solved by the fact that, in the inventive fighting compartment of the tank, containing an armored turret with a gun, equipment for controlling the loading and firing process, a reckless transport and loading container with a magazine for placing shots or their elements and a loading automatic with a reloading gun, a second automatic loading located in the tank tower, equipped with a carousel-type conveyor with cartridges for stacking shots or their elements and a through tray placed instead of one of the cartridges, equipped with a mechanism according to the utility model, an additional rammer is installed, used when loading shots or their elements from a conveyor of a carousel type, located in the area of the cartridge lifting mechanism.

In this case, the technical result is most fully achieved if the additional rammer is mounted on the racks of the cassette lifting mechanism, or on the bracket on the rear wall of the tower with the possibility of exit of the scot from below to the line of sending the shot.

An analysis of the distinguishing features showed that the installation of an additional rammer for shots from the carousel-type conveyor allows automated fire to be fired when a loaded container is hit. At the same time, fixing an additional rammer on the racks of the cartridge lifting mechanism, or on an arm on the rear wall of the tower with the possibility of scot coming out from below to the line of sending the shot, provides unhindered placement of transition devices, for example, a through pipe, (see invention [5]), which is necessary in a number of cases, as shown in the source [5], to stabilize the direction of motion of the rammer circuit of the reckoned automatic loader.

It should be noted that with the introduction of an additional rammer, it becomes possible to vary the laying of ammunition, namely, it becomes possible to place (if necessary) in the machine an ambitious transport-loading container, for example, charges with the placement of rounds for them in the conveyor, or, conversely, in the machine of a loaded transport-loading container-shells, and in a conveyor of a carousel-type charges for them, while in the machine of a crazy transport-loading container additional Shots can also be placed.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which show:

- figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the fighting compartment of the tank according to an embodiment in which shots, the first unitary loading, the second separate loading, are located in both the loaded automatic loader and the carousel type conveyor;

- figure 2 is a view of the fighting compartment of the tank from above (view A in figure 1);

- figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the fighting compartment of the tank illustrating one of the options for placing elements of the shot in the fighting compartment. So, as an example, a carousel-type conveyor of an automatic loader is shown, made only for laying shells, and a crazy automatic loader for laying charges (for shells located in the carousel-type conveyor) and unitary shots.

The proposed fighting compartment of the tank, see FIGS. 1-3, contains an armored turret 1, with a cannon 2, a reckless transport-loading container 3 with an automatic loader 4 and a magazine 5 for stacking shots 6 (unitary or separate loading) in special cartridges 7. Separate loading shots, consisting of shells 8 and charges 9, can be placed in the same cartridges 7, or, as shown in FIG. 1, in cartridges 10 of the conveyor 11 of the carousel type located in the tower at the bottom of the tank 12. The conveyor 11 performs the role of a supply store for the second automatic loading device 13.

Each cartridge 10 of the conveyor 11 of the carousel type consists of a lower tube 14 for stacking shells 8 and an upper tube 15 for stacking charges 9. This embodiment of the cartridge 10 allows you to completely place the shot elements (projectile and charge) in it, combined into a shot in the charging chamber "A" breech 16 tank gun 2, in the same way as in the prototype [4].

Behind breech 16 there is a mechanism 17 for lifting the cartridges 10 from the carousel-type conveyor 11, equipped with a shot on the sending line “b”, which is understood as the line of movement of the sent shot or its element when loading the gun.

To send out a unitary shot 6 or separate shot 6 from a rammed transport-loading container 3, a rammer 18 is used, for example a chain, including clot 19, located at the end of the rammer chain 20, as well as the actuator and rammer sensors, in FIG. not shown.

A feed pipe 21 is installed on the sending line of shots from the loaded automatic loader, which acts as a bridge holding the shot on a predetermined path in the area between the tower and the cartridge lifting mechanism 17 when sending it from the store 5 of the loaded transport-loading container. The passage pipe is intended for use mainly in tank modernization, and may not be present in the designs of newly developed vehicles. At the same time, in the carousel type conveyor 11, instead of one of the cartridges for placing the shot, a support tray 22 is installed, which is output to the dispatch line and serves to direct the dispatch of the shot or its element in another zone between the cartridge lifting mechanism 17 and the breech 16 of the tank gun 2 also when loading from crazy transport and loading container.

The sending of shots from the conveyor 11 of the carousel type can be carried out by both a rammer 18 and an additional rammer 23, providing automatic firing of ammunition placed in the conveyor 11 in case of defeat of the loaded automatic loader 4. In this case, the supporting tray 22 is not used, and the sending first projectile 8, and then charge 9 is made directly from the cartridge 10.

The rammer 23 can be mounted on the uprights 24 of the cartridge lifting mechanism 17, allowing the cartridge 25 to interact with the dispatch shot, or on the bracket 26 on the rear wall of the tower, with the same possibility.

The fighting compartment of the tank, shown in figure 3, illustrating one of the options for placing elements of the shot (separate loading), does not have fundamental differences with those already considered, except that here there is the possibility of varying the laying of ammunition. So, the shop 5 of the automatic loader of a loaded transport-loading container 3 is made in such a way that, in addition to shots, explosive charges (in comparison with shells) 9 can be fixed in its cartridges by analogy with the known automatic loader according to the technical solution [6], in which up to three charges can be located in one cassette (in the figures of the present application, the features of such an automatic loader are not shown as being not related to the essence of the utility model). At the same time, less explosive shells 8 may be

located in the carousel type conveyor in cassettes 27, as shown in Fig.3. In this embodiment, in the carousel type conveyor, it is also possible to install cartridges 10 for stacking shots with a projectile 8 and a charge 9, as shown in Fig. 1. Mixed stacking of shots and their elements is also possible, where shot elements are placed on the contrary. In all cases, variation of the styling should be accompanied by a reflection of the styling information in the storage device of the charging process control system.

The work of the fighting compartment

In a battle, a gunner (operator) of a tank weapon fires from a tank gun 2, choosing the most effective type of shot, primarily against tank-dangerous targets.

In the presence of enemy tanks or other armored targets, loading is carried out by a shot 6 of increased power from an overloaded assault rifle 4. In this case, shot 6 is output to the dispatch line, released from the magazine 5 and the rammer 18 is fed through the feed pipe 21 into the charging chamber “a” of the gun 2, which at this point has been prepared by the control system equipment for loading and is locked in the charging angle α (α is a fixed angle at which a shot located on the sending line is sent to the gun’s charging chamber). Prior to the start of the retrieval, at the same time the gun is set to the loading angle, the control system, in accordance with the loading sequence diagram (algorithm), ensures that the support tray 22 is removed from the carousel type conveyor 11 by the mechanism 17 for raising the cartridges to the retraction line. When sending a shot from an ammunition rifle, the shot moves through the passage pipe 21 as noted above, receiving stable support in the area between the rear wall of the tower and the cartridge lifting mechanism 17 and then enters the support tray 22, also receiving stable support in the area between the lifting mechanism 17 cartridges and charging chamber "a" of the gun 2. After sending the shot and closing the wedge (not shown in Fig.) breech 16 gun 2 is prepared for firing.

A slightly different way is loading from the conveyor 11 carousel type. When loading a shot, for example, high-explosive, placed in the cassette 10 of the conveyor 11 of the carousel type in the mode of operation with sending shots rammer 18 and in accordance with the loading sequence

the selected cartridge is displayed on the loading line, captured by the cartridge lifting mechanism 17 rises into the sending zone and is installed on the sending line by the lower pipe 14 of the cartridge 10 with the projectile 8. Then the rammer 18 is triggered, pushing the chain 20 with the socket 19 through the passage pipe 21 to the end of the socket in the bottom part of the projectile 8. After the projectile is sent, the chain with the cot is returned to its original position, and the cartridge 10 is installed on the delivery line with the upper pipe 15 with a charge of 9, after which the process of retaking is repeated and ends with the closing of the wedge CENI 16 guns.

In case of defeat or damage to the ammunition loading machine 4 or rammer 18, automated firing is possible with shots from the carousel-type conveyor. In this case, a rammer 23 is used.

The lifting of the cartridges 10 from the conveyor 11, and their installation by pipes 14 and 15 on the delivery line are described above. When reloading, the rammer circuit with the stem 25 extends to the retraction line, bypassing the pipe 21 and reloading the projectile and charge from the tubes of the cartridge 10.

When placing the elements of the same shot in a carousel-type conveyor and a crazy loading mechanism, the operation of the mentioned mechanisms and executive bodies involved in the loading process does not differ from the previously described. The only difference is that the fire control system controls the order in which the shot elements are fed to the charging line (based on the data of the storage device), determining the sequence of supply of the required projectile to the loading line and then the charge for it.

It should be noted that the proposed design of the fighting compartment is suitable both for the modernization of the existing tank fleet and for their new manufacture, and the specific choice depends on the tactical and technical characteristics presented to the tank.

Thus, the proposed fighting compartment increases the military-technical efficiency of the fighting compartment of the tank, responding to the task and helping to increase the stability of the process of automated loading of the tank gun of the fighting compartment of the tank in a combat situation.

Information sources:

1. "Modern tanks", ed. Safonov B.S., Murakhovsky V.I., M., Arsenal-Press, 1995, pp. 4-13, pp. 30-37, pp. 153-157, pp. 166-172;

2. “Tank T-72A. Technical Description and Operating Instructions ”, book 2, M. Military Publishing House, 1988, pp. 47-57, pp. 107-157;

3. Wehrtechnik, Rudolf Romer, “Panzerkanonen und Automatenwaffen”, 1985, No. 2, b.62-67;

4. Description of the invention “Tank fighting compartment (options)” according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2215965, application No. 2002102855/02 of January 31, 2002, class. 7 F41A 9/00;

5. Description of the invention “Combat compartment of the tank (options)” according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2283998, application No. 2005104658/02 of 02.21.2005, class. F41A 9/00

6. Description of the invention “Tank fighting compartment” according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2290595, application No. 2005111529/02 of 04/18/2005, classes F41A 9/00, F41H 7/02;

Claims (3)

1. The fighting compartment of the tank, containing an armored turret with a gun, equipment for controlling the loading and firing process, an ambitious transport-loading container with a magazine for placing shots or their elements, and a loading automatic with a rammer, a second automatic loading device located in the tank’s tower, equipped a carousel-type conveyor with cassettes for stacking shots or their elements and a through tray placed in place of one of the cassettes, equipped with a mechanism for lifting the cassettes to the delivery line, different in that there is an additional rammer used when loading rounds or components thereof from the conveyor carousel, located in the zone cassette lifting mechanism. 2. The fighting compartment of the tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional rammer is mounted on the racks of the cassette lifting mechanism with the possibility of the scot coming out from below to the line of sending the shot. 3. The fighting compartment of the tank according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional rammer is mounted on an arm on the rear wall of the tower with the possibility of exit of the bottom from the bottom to the line of sending the shot.