RU2620628C1 - Gun with belt feed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition supplies.

SUBSTANCE: gun with belt feed of cartridges contains a barrel, a closed cartridge belt, a mechanism for step-by-step belt rewinding, as well as a trigger mechanism with a trigger. The guide box magazine of the cartridge belt is made in the form of a parallelepiped, so that the front and rear walls thereof are flat, and the longitudinal axes of all cartridges in the belt have the same downward slope by an angle equal to the angle of magazine socket inclination. The barrel is curvilinear - with a curved down channel with the axis horizontality in compensation for the said angle of cartridges inclination.

EFFECT: improved technical and operational characteristics of hand firearms with belt feed of cartridges.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to handguns, specifically to pistols (mainly to “flat” revolvers) with a tape (chain) supply of cartridges.

At the beginning of the XXI century in Russia, a special kind of revolver type handguns was developed - “flat revolvers” (auth.) [RU 2214576, F41C 1/00, 25/10, 2003, Bull. No. 29; RU 2293275, F41C 1/00, 25/10, 2007, Bull. No. 4]. Thus, the “selection” of classical revolvers (with cylindrical drums) with pistols is carried out, where the non-revolving type pistols determine the indicated “flatness” of the weapon [Pavlov S.N., Semenov A.G. Revolver and gun. An attempt at "selection" // Kalashnikov. - 2007, No. 6. - S. 64-68]. The authors patented systems with disc drums, chambers and, accordingly, cartridges in which they are arranged chordally, i.e. tangent to a circle of radius equal to the distance from the axis of rotation of the drum to the axis of the barrel.

From the point of view of the proposed technical solution, the drawback of such systems (with all their undoubted utility) is the limited ammunition load in the drum compared to the ammunition load of pistols with box magazines, all other things being equal (size, number of trunks - rows).

This initiates the design idea to pay close attention to the results of another parallel “selective” practice, namely, the adaptation of the tape (chain) principle of supplying ammunition with weapons, which is widely used in machine guns, to non-revolving and revolving pistols. At the same time, both non-revolving type pistols and revolvers operating according to the indicated cartridge supply scheme were proposed. It seems correct to attribute such weapons to revolvers only in the absence of longitudinal movement of cartridges - chambering, as well as extraction of spent cartridges. It is proposed either to add them to the mentioned variety of “flat revolvers”, or (preferably) to generalize with the concept of “belt-fed pistol” or “belt-type pistol” (taking into account the assignment of 3/00 revolvers to pistols in IPC F41C), which implemented in the title of the invention.

We should also take into account (for further perception and understanding of the essence of the proposed technical solution) the rich experience of the past and present in the manufacture and practical use of curved (curved) barrels, as applied to weapons and nozzles for weapons for firing from shelters - because angle, from a trench or a trench, from an armored object such as a tank [From a trench, from around a corner, from a tank: a curved-bore weapon returns / Sergey Monetchikov // Weapon, 2007, No. 10 // Internet resource: http: // otvaga2004. com / armiya-i-vpk / armiya-i-vpk-concept / iz-okopa-iz-za-ugla-iz -tanka / (Date of calculation: 11/20/2014); Permyakov I.A. Weapons firing from around the corner // Military History Journal // Internet resource: site of the Scientific Electronic Library http: www.elibrary.ru; Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. F. 81. Op. 175,258 ss D. 31; The American Rifleman, July 1946, p. fifteen].

A close analogue of the proposed device for its intended purpose and technical essence is a revolver ("NIK Kononova NI Revolver-machine gun"), containing a barrel, a box-shaped magazine with a closed ellipsoid stream for single-row placement of cartridges, removably placed in a magazine slot, a step-by-step mechanism (in the mode single shots) the supply of cartridges to the barrel (opposite its hemp, i.e., the front end), as well as the trigger mechanism with a trigger [RU 2285884 C2, IPC F41C 3/00, F41A 9/61, 09/20/2006, Bull . No. 29].

The system involves initiating the capsule of the “standby” cartridge directly in the store (without additional pressure), in connection with which the weapon is assigned to revolvers. It is provided as the main, automatic firing mode, in connection with which the weapon is broadly called a machine gun. The assignment of the system to the “tape” is somewhat arbitrary, since neither the chain nor the tape (in the direct sense of the term) are present in the design: the mentioned ellipsoid stream is a continuous closed guide filled with cartridges side by side. The layout of the weapon is characterized by the location of a direct (normal to the axis of the barrel) store directly in front of the trigger, in an open form for most of the length, and the handle is curved and without a magazine slot. Thus, the layout resembles the layout of the pistols "Bergman", 1897 and "Mauser" 1908/12 [Zhuk AB Revolvers and pistols. - M .: Military Publishing House Lokid, 1992, p. 431. - S. 302, scheme 36-66, S. 299, scheme 36-49].

The KOH revolver can be attributed to the original and progressive technical solutions, but it also has disadvantages. These, from the point of view of the present invention, should include: too short barrel (due to the store brought forward); not using the cavity of the handle to place the store; problems of use with the number of cartridges less than magazine capacity; overturning moment at recoil.

The closest in purpose and technical essence to the proposed device (prototype) is a gun with a tape feed cartridges ("FNA Gun system J. Sosso, model 1941"), containing the barrel, a closed cartridge strip ("chain") in the guide box magazine , removably placed in the magazine handle’s slanted forward slot, a mechanism for step-by-step rewinding of the tape (“chain”) with the alternate supply of cartridges to the barrel (opposite its hemp, that is, the front end), as well as the trigger mechanism with a trigger [Pistols and "C pnye "stores J. Cocco (Italy) // http://topwar.ru/50730-pistolety-i-cepnye-magaziny-dzh-sosso-italiya.html (date calculations: 06/06/2014 g).].

From the point of view of design, such a system (weapon) is, rather, the basis of a self-loading pistol equipped with a double-action trigger mechanism.

The undoubted advantages of weapons with a rifle system (and, above all, an ammunition magazine) by J. Sosso include a relatively high capacity (up to 20 rounds of 9 × 19 mm Parabellum) and a large resource due to the absence of a wearing spring. With proper maintenance, the belt (chain) cartridge feeding system can last for years without replacing worn parts. In addition, the store, in combination with a double-action trigger mechanism, allowed the gun to be stored for an unlimited time in a ready-to-fire state.

The prototype (1941 model) is made with an ergonomically comfortable tilted handle and, accordingly, a curved magazine, i.e. with curvilinear front and back walls (unlike the first Sosso pistol of the 1934 model, where the handle was not tilted with an unbent magazine), and the barrel was traditionally straight (with a straight channel along its entire length).

However, with all its advantages and undoubted progressiveness within the framework of the “Sosso system,” such a technical solution acquired (as a “payment” for advantages) the following disadvantages, which in combination determine insufficient tactical and technical characteristics of the weapon.

Firstly, the curved box magazine (and, of course, at least two of them complete with the actual weapons) is technologically more complex, more expensive, takes up more space than the direct one and requires, accordingly, a more complex and dimensional magazine slot in the handle.

Secondly, the required bending of the metal tape (“chain”) in the vertical vertical plane requires large backlash in the joints of its links, increases wear and noise, and is a source of kinematic uncertainty of the cartridge feed.

Thirdly, the jaggedness of the tape (“chain”), the presence of the aforementioned articulated connections, especially in combination with the specified bend when feeding, causes an increased distance between adjacent cartridges, which means underutilization of the potential to increase the capacity of the store in its same dimensions.

Fourthly, a tape (“chain”) with cartridge cartridge cells of links open from one side requires practically integral side walls of the box-shaped case of the store and additionally generates noise during operation.

Fifth, a weapon with a barrel that rises above the handle, when giving back, gives a tipping moment, tossing the barrel up (in other words, the weapon is not balanced enough, which negatively affects the accuracy of hitting the target).

The task to which the invention is directed is to improve the technical and operational characteristics of handguns with a tape feed of cartridges.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a pistol with a tape feed of cartridges containing a barrel, a closed cartridge tape in a guide box magazine, removable placed in the forward-facing magazine slot of the handle, a mechanism for step-by-step rewinding of the tape with alternating supply of cartridges to the barrel, as well as trigger and trigger the trigger mechanism, the guide box magazine is made in the form of a parallelepiped, so that its front and rear walls are flat, and the longitudinal axes of all cartridges in the tape are the same slope down at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of a magazine socket and the stem is curved - with a curved channel down when its axis is horizontal, at least the muzzle, a compensation of said angle of inclination of cartridges.

The solution of this problem is also achieved due to additional features (with the above main set of features):

- the cartridge tape can be made of flexible material of constant thickness, with rigid cylindrical slots for cartridges built in it and samples on its outer side between these slots - for interacting with the output link of the tape rewinding mechanism (this allows you to completely or partially eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, listed above under the second, third and fourth numbers, and in the annex, mainly to revolvers);

- the cartridge tape can be made of flexible material of constant thickness, with holes-cylindrical sockets for cartridges and samples on its outer side between these holes-sockets - to interact with the output link of the tape rewind mechanism (this allows you to completely or partially eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, listed above under the second, third and fourth numbers, and in the annex, mainly to pistols).

Among the known devices and methods, no such combination of essential features would coincide with the proposed one. At the same time, it is precisely due to the proposed sets of essential features that a new technical result is achieved in accordance with the task.

The proposed device on the example of a gun revolving type (revolving system) is illustrated by an example in the drawings:

in FIG. 1 schematically shows a gun with a tape feed of cartridges, a longitudinal section along the axis of the bore, where R is the radius of curvature of the bore; α is the angle of inclination of the store to the normal to the axis of the barrel channel on its slice and, accordingly, of the magazine socket;

in FIG. 2 - magazine with a cartridge strip of flexible material with solid inserts as cartridge nests - chamber, cross section;

in FIG. 3 - the same side view.

In Figs. 1-3, the positions indicate the following elements of the device: 1 - weapon body; 2 - weapon barrel (from hemp to muzzle); 3 - trigger with traction as part of the trigger mechanism (trigger); 4 - box magazine with cartridge tape; 5 - mechanism for step-by-step rewinding (feeding) of a cartridge tape (“chain”); 6 - a combat spring; 7 - a return spring; 8 - drummer; 9 - a prick; 10 - weapon handle; 11 - magazine slot in the handle of the weapon; 12 - spring lock magazine in the slot; 13 - solid (durable) inserts as cartridge nests (chambers) - chamber; 14 - samples of the output link of the step-by-step rewind (feed) mechanism of the tape (“chain”); 15 - the upper roller for the cartridge strip ("chain"); 16 - lower roller for cartridge strip ("chain").

The proposed gun (including mainly the revolver type - "revolver") with a tape feed of cartridges, i.e. tape (chain) type, contains a barrel 2 (from hemp to muzzle), a closed cartridge strip ("chain") in its box magazine 4 (general position in Fig. 1), a mechanism for step-by-step rewinding (feeding) of the tape (installed with the formation of parallel left and right branches) with alternate supply of cartridges (not shown) to the barrel 2 (more precisely - to its hemp, i.e., the front end), trigger mechanism (trigger) with a trigger (and traction) 3. Shop 4 is removably placed in the forward inclined magazine slot 11 of the handle 10. The guide box the store 4 is made in the form of a parallelepiped (with local cutouts, including from above - see Figs. 2, 3), so that its front and rear walls are flat, and the longitudinal axis of all cartridges in the tape have the same downward slope at an angle α, equal to the angle of inclination, relative to the normal to the axis of the channel of the barrel 2 on its slice (in Fig. 1 - to the right), magazine slot 11. The barrel 2 is curved - with a channel bent along the radius R with the horizontal axis, at least muzzle.

While maintaining the usual dimensions for weapons of this class in length and height (the main thing is the ratio of length and height), the proposed curvature of the barrel is relatively small. It can be characterized by either a constant or a variable radius of curvature R in the sections.

The mainspring 6 with a striker 8 and a stripper 9, which are part of the trigger, are also inclined at an angle α (see Fig. 1).

Further particular design features and their combination are given for any of two special cases (examples) with additional significant design features.

In the example of FIG. 2 cartridge tape is made of flexible material, of constant thickness, with rigid (strong) cylindrical sockets (chambers) 13 for cartridges and samples 14 on its outer side between sockets 13 embedded in it — for interacting with the output link of the tape rewinding (feeding) mechanism.

This example is more suitable for revolvers (for reasons of strength, to prevent bloating of shells under the influence of powder gases).

In an alternative example (not shown), the cartridge strip is also made of flexible material and constant thickness, but with holes - cylindrical nests for cartridges and samples (14) on its outer side between these holes-sockets (cameras) - for interaction with the output link tape rewinding mechanism.

This example, on the contrary, is more suitable for non-revolving pistols (for the same reasons of strength, since the inflation of the cartridges should be prevented already in the chamber, and not in the socket (chamber) 13.

Other special cases (examples) of the implementation of methods and devices within the framework of the proposed set of essential features are possible.

The device operates as follows.

When the magazine 4 is equipped with a clinging metal tape (chain) or flexible tape according to any of the two above options, the cartridges are inserted into the tape slots. The equipped magazine 4 is inserted into the magazine slot 11 of the handle 10 (depending on the particular device of the tape rewinding mechanism with the feeding of cartridges, when its link - tooth is previously removed from the interaction with the tape) until the magazine 4 is fixed.

In this position, the axes of all cartridges, including the uppermost one, “on duty”, are inclined to the axis of the bore of the barrel 2 at its section (where the initial velocity of the bullet is determined) at the same angle α (see Fig. 1). This corresponds to the same inclination (α) of the axis of the bore 2 channel in its initial section - from the hemp (see Fig. 1), where each successive cartridge, in fact, becomes “on duty”.

When applied to a non-revolving type gun (unlike this example with a revolving system), the “standby” cartridge is initially in its upper position in the slot (chamber) 13 with the prospect of longitudinal supply (all at the same angle α) to the chamber. Accordingly, already three lines - the axis of the upper nest (chamber) 13, the axis of the initial section (from the hemp) of the barrel 2 and the axis of the “standby” cartridge - form a single oblique straight line.

When the magazine 4 is fully equipped, from the moment of its fixing in the magazine slot 11 and the subsequent input of the mentioned output link (tooth) of the tape rewinding mechanism, always and automatically one of the cartridges is in the required "standby" position.

The production of each shot does not carry elements of novelty and is similar to classic revolvers.

The difference further lies in the internal ballistics and return of weapons. Here, the bullet describes a curvilinear trajectory, tracking generally relatively small (in comparison, for example, with the “curved” trunks mentioned in the overview part of the description), the curvilinearity of R. With short bullets characteristic of pistols, this curvature of the bore 2 does not cause serious problems, but in the application to traumatic civilian weapons with rubber balls there are no problems at all, rather the opposite. In the final section of the bore 2, the bullet “straightens” the trajectory and moves behind the cut according to the line of sight (as for the vast majority of small arms).

Moreover, due to the slope of the barrel 2 down and the bullet's departure already at the level of the handle 10 of the weapon with a smaller shoulder recoil force, the overturning moment, tossing the barrel 2, ceteris paribus, is less than the prototype and other analogues by about the same amount trunk cut 2 in this diagram below.

In the embodiment of the device of FIG. 2, the tape is rewound, elastically deforming in the lower and upper sections outside of the rigid (solid) cylindrical inserts 13, forming at the same time the nests (13) for cartridges / spent cartridges and the chamber (13) of the “tape revolving drum”, and deforming substantially only in the transverse plane . At the same time, the material of the tape completely covers the cartridges, replacing the missing developed left and right walls of the magazine, including 4.

In an alternative example of the device, this is the same, but the plugs 13 are absent (only round holes), since the elastic material either does not experience large loads from the side of the cartridges (with a pistol system), or a material of increased strength is used.

Weapons reloading is carried out classically - by unlocking and removing magazine 4 with spent cartridges (attached to the revolvers) / empty cartridge sockets (attached to the gun) 13, followed by the installation of another, equipped magazine 4 or removed and reloaded.

The use of the invention allows to improve the technical and operational characteristics of handguns (pistols) with a tape feed of cartridges due to:

- fulfillment of the box store (stores complete with the actual weapons) direct - as more technological, cost-effective, compact and allowing to reduce the size of the magazine slot in the handle;

- elimination of bending of the tape (“chain”) in the vertical vertical plane, reducing backlash in the joints of the tape, reducing wear and noise, a much greater kinematic certainty of the supply of cartridges;

- replacing the metal tape with the taperedness of the tape (“chain”), the presence of the aforementioned articulated connections, especially in combination with the specified bend when feeding, leads to an increased distance between adjacent cartridges, which means underutilization of the potential to increase the capacity of the store in its same dimensions;

- elimination of the need for almost integral side walls of the box-shaped case of the store and the associated additional noise in operation;

- reducing the value of the overturning moment of the recoil force, tossing the barrel up (in other words, better balance, which positively affects accuracy, accuracy of hitting the target).

Claims (3)

1. A gun with a tape feed of cartridges, comprising a barrel, a closed cartridge belt in a guide box magazine, removably placed in the forward-facing magazine slot of the handle, a step-by-step mechanism for rewinding the tape with alternate feeding of cartridges to the barrel, as well as a trigger mechanism with a trigger, characterized the fact that the guide box magazine is made in the form of a parallelepiped, so that its front and rear walls are flat, and the longitudinal axis of all cartridges in the tape have the same downward inclination at an angle equal to lu inclination stack-nest, and the stem is curved - with a curved channel down when its axis is horizontal, at least the muzzle, a compensation of said angle of inclination of cartridges. 2. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge strip is made of flexible material of constant thickness, with rigid cylindrical slots for cartridges built into it and samples on its outer side between the indicated slots - for interaction with the output link of the tape rewind mechanism. 3. The gun according to claim 1, characterized in that the cartridge strip is made of flexible material of constant thickness, with holes — cylindrical sockets for cartridges and samples on its outer side between these holes — sockets — for interacting with the output link of the tape rewind mechanism.

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