RU2814289C2 - Gun - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building, particularly, to pistols. Proposed pistol comprises breechblock, barrel, return spring, magazine, deflector, firing mechanism, barrel guide, ejector and striker. Barrel is engaged with the breechblock and is movable along the guide. Guide consists of three sections. First section from the muzzle side passes horizontally. Second section is inclined downward relative to the first section. Third section passes horizontally and has a stop at the end.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of rapid fire.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to small arms, in particular pistols, and can be used in sports or in state armed organizations.

The USP pistol of the German company Heckler and KOCH is known, capable of firing different cartridges, using automatics with a short barrel stroke (the principle of operation is well described in the book “Small Weapons” by A.B Zhuk, Moscow, Voenizdat, 1992,: “Barrel and bolt, being rigidly interlocked with each other using a locking device, they move back under the action of recoil. Since together they have a relatively significant mass, their withdrawal occurs relatively slowly. Soon after the moving parts begin to withdraw, the locking device, interacting with the stationary body, turns off and releases the bolt "The barrel, after a short retreat, stops, and the bolt continues to move, which is necessary for reloading the pistol." in the USP pistol, a more simplified scheme, first used in the Browning HP-35 pistol, where there is no locking device, and the barrel simply disengages from the bolt coming out of the groove), namely 40SW, 357 ZIG, 9×19 and others. The disadvantage of this scheme is that the pistol bounces when firing, which occurs due to the movement of the heavy bolt backwards.

The PSM pistol is known (the principle of operation is well described on the website “Modern Small Arms” (https://modernfirearms.net/ru)): “the Self-loading Compact pistol or briefly PSM became famous primarily for its exceptional compactness and minimal thickness, as well as for the ability of its small-caliber pointed bullet at short ranges to pierce some soft body armor, which successfully protects against more powerful cartridges, such as 9x18PM or 9x19. The disadvantage of the PSM pistol is the low stopping effect of bullets. There are cases when, after using PSM on a criminal, the latter , even having received mortal wounds, continued to resist or flee, and then, after some time, “suddenly" died. The reason for such a low stopping effect lies in the small caliber of bullets, which, in turn, was determined by those specified in the tactical and technical requirements of 1971 years, the minimum dimensions of the future weapon. In particular, the requirements stated that the thickness of the pistol “should not exceed the thickness of a matchbox,” that is, 17 mm, in addition, the pistol should not have protruding parts and be as flat as possible. The limitation on the thickness of the bolt obviously limited the maximum possible diameter of the barrel, which, in combination with the simplest scheme with a free bolt and a return spring around the barrel, limited the possible caliber of the new weapon. Commercial versions of the PSM pistol in export version have the index Izh-75 and are produced both in the native caliber 5.45x18 and in the once popular caliber for pocket pistols 6.35 mm Browning (.25ACP). The PSM pistol is built on the basis of automatic blowback action."

As can be seen from the description, the length and height of the pistol do not allow the use of any automation other than a blowback, which greatly limits the power of the ammunition.

In the proposed invention, powerful 7.62 or 9 mm cartridges can be used in similar dimensions, but with greater thickness, due to the use of a movable barrel. In the case of using powerful cartridges with analogues with a blowback, due to the insufficient mass of the moving parts of the automation, there is a danger of early unlocking of the bolt, rapid wear of the main parts or destruction of the weapon.

The Makarov PM pistol is also known. This is how the same source describes it: “The Makarov system pistol was created in response to the requirement of the Soviet Army to develop a new pistol for self-defense of officers, more compact and safer to handle than the Tokarev TT pistol, but at the same time having a greater stopping effect of the bullet The requirements stipulated a compact pistol with a self-cocking trigger mechanism and a blowback bolt.<…> Based on the PM, a PMM pistol was created, adapted for new cartridges and having a magazine capacity increased to 12 rounds, for which the width of the pistol grip had to be increased. In addition, , PMM acquired slightly improved grip cheeks. <...> It should be noted that the PMM pistol went into mass production in a version chambered for the standard 9×18 cartridge, since there was a real danger of using 9×18 PMM cartridges in old pistols of the Makarov and Stechkin system, which could lead to accelerated wear and even destruction of these pistols."

Because of the fixed table, it is necessary to use a shutter of relatively large dimensions and weight (about 280 grams). The use of a movable barrel allows you to reduce the weight of the bolt by the approximate weight of the barrel, which also allows you to reduce its external dimensions and make the pistol more convenient for concealed carry. Due to the thick chamber, which interacts with the bolt in systems with a skewed barrel, there is no way to reduce the external dimensions of the bolt. The last paragraph shows that if the use of too powerful cartridges in a weapon with a blowback is dangerous, the use of a movable barrel allows you to increase the mass of moving parts and slow down the unlocking of the bolt.

The Roth Steyr model 1907 pistol is known, its exact description can be found on the same resource: "The Roth model 1907 self-loading pistol is considered the world's first self-loading pistol, adopted as the main short-barreled weapon by a large military formation, in this case - the Austro-Hungarian cavalry empire. This pistol was developed by two Austrian designers - Georg Roth and Karel Krnka. The production of these pistols was established in the two main weapons centers of the empire, at the Steyr and FEG factories. Due to the fact that the main production of these pistols pistols was concentrated in Steyr, this pistol is also sometimes called the Roth Steyr model 1907. The total production of pistols of this model was about 90 thousand units, production was completed in 1918. The Roth model 1907 self-loading pistol uses an automatic with a movable barrel, which has a short recoil stroke Locking (coupling of the barrel and bolt) is carried out by turning the barrel, which has two sets of lugs. The front pair of protrusions, located at the muzzle, is responsible for the rotation of the barrel in recoil and rewind, as it moves in the shaped grooves of the front receiver liner. The rear pair of protrusions is responsible for engaging the bolt, which has a tubular shape in the front part and covers the barrel from its rear part. The bolt itself, in turn, is hidden for most of its length in a fixed barrel casing (receiver). Only in the rear part of the casing does a round bolt head with a notch protrude from it, for which the bolt can be cocked manually."

The disadvantage of this pistol and all others that use a movable barrel design is the strong toss of the weapon when firing. In the proposed invention, this is reduced due to the movement of the barrel in the direction opposite to the throw (down), while, as in schemes with a free shutter, coaxiality is maintained; when the shutter is brought to the rearmost position, the barrel is located strictly parallel to its original position and the aiming line. This feature not only makes the bolt itself lighter and smaller in size, but also increases the rate of fire, accuracy and accuracy of fire.

The technical objective of the invention is to create a pistol with a slight toss of the barrel when fired and with the ability to use a powerful cartridge in a pocket pistol with the dimensions of a blowback weapon. The problem is solved by introducing a movable barrel into the structure, which moves horizontally and downwards. Moreover, the distance it travels is much greater than in systems with a short barrel stroke, such as, for example, the above analogue. In addition, after unlocking, the barrel of analogues becomes skewed, which greatly increases the toss when firing. The proposed invention solves this problem: after the bullet has ejected, the barrel does not move upward at all, but rather decreases without turning around the chamber. During the shooting process, the alignment of the barrel and the aiming line is maintained. The lowering of the barrel axis and the absence of rotating moments have a positive effect on the toss, which leads to increased accuracy and increased rate of fire.

The essence of the invention is the creation of a pistol with low recoil and a slight toss of the barrel, as well as the ability to use powerful cartridges that require the use of automatic weapons with a movable barrel in a pistol with small dimensions, like a blowback weapon.

In fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, a pistol is shown containing: a bolt /1/, a barrel /2/, a return spring /3/, a magazine /4/, a reflector 151, a trigger mechanism (in Fig. 1, 2 only trigger /6/), barrel guide /7/, ejector /8/, firing pin /9/.

In fig. 1.2 shows a pistol of medium size (similar to the Glock-17), which shows the possibility of using the scheme in other classes, while maintaining an advantage in rate of fire, speed and accuracy. Fig. 2, 4 show the state of the pistol with the bolt in the extreme position.

The invention improves accuracy during tempo shooting, speed and accuracy.

The proposed pistol, when automatic, uses not only the bolt, but also the barrel, while it travels a longer distance than in the case of using automatics with a skewed barrel. When the bolt moves backward, the barrel, being engaged with the bolt, the first section of the guide goes horizontally, then in the second section the barrel axis smoothly decreases at an angle of 135 degrees, after which the barrel again reaches the horizontal section and rests against the edge of the guide, completing its stroke and disengaging with the barrel, and the bolt continues to move, extracting the spent cartridge case.

Claims (1)

A pistol containing a bolt, a barrel, a return spring, a magazine, a reflector, a trigger mechanism, a guide for the barrel, an ejector, a firing pin, characterized in that the barrel engaged with the bolt is made capable of moving along the guide, wherein the guide consists of three sections: the first section from the muzzle side runs horizontally, then the second section runs obliquely downwards relative to the first section, and the third section runs horizontally and has a stop at the end.

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