RU71116U1 - COMPOST INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used to process organic waste with fertilizer. The essence of the utility model: a composting installation, comprising a housing, an air supply source, an air duct, an unloading device made in the form of shafts arranged in parallel and rotating towards each other, provided with collapsing elements, in the form of eccentrically mounted disk mills, at least one composting compaction reduction device masses in the form of shafts with cables and cutting elements. The air supply source is connected to the cavity under the seal reduction device via an air duct. Using the proposed utility model as a plant for processing organic raw materials will reduce the composting time by improving aeration, as well as improve the unloading process.

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used to process organic waste with fertilizer.

A device for preparing fertilizers is known, comprising a housing communicated by means of an air duct with a source of air supply, a device for supplying source material and a device for distributing it, an unloading screw, a temperature sensor and an oxygen indicator [1].

The disadvantages of this device are:

- large pressure losses in the aeration system due to the presence of tubes and holes in them;

- a high likelihood of arch formation, the difficult passage of composted material through the body, due to the large number of horizontally located extensions and perforated pipes.

Closest to the claimed installation is an aeration bioreactor device containing a housing, an unloading device, an air supply, an air duct [2 - prototype].

The disadvantages of this device are:

- low reactor productivity due to the limited height of the compostable material layer;

- gradual compaction of the material, as it moves inside the bioreactor body, leading to poor aeration and the formation of anaerobic zones;

- low-efficient device for unloading in the form of horizontal and vertical augers, worsening the physical and mechanical properties of the product.

The purpose of the utility model is to increase the efficiency of the installation by improving the aeration and unloading of the material.

This goal is achieved in that the composting installation, comprising a housing, an unloading device, an air supply source, an air duct, the unloading device, includes shafts arranged in parallel and rotating towards each other, provided with collapsing elements made in the form of eccentrically mounted disk mills, and also has a device to reduce compaction of the composted material in the form of two shafts with cables and cutting elements, while the air supply source through air yes, connected to the cavity under the seal reduction device.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in figure 1 - General view of the device; figure 2 - device for reducing the seal; figure 3 - the principle of operation of the device to reduce compaction; figure 4 - mounting diagram of the cutting elements; figure 5 - device unloading (section aa in figure 1); 6 is an air supply system.

The composting installation (Fig. 1) comprises a closed thermally insulated housing 1, an air supply source 2, a pressure duct system 3, a compaction reducing device for composting material 4, an unloading device 5, a biofilter with an exhaust fan 6, a loading 7 and a discharge opening 8.

Installation works as follows. The prepared mixture of organic waste and carbon-containing filler using any loading means is fed through the loading hole 7 into the device body. The multi-storey structure of the housing allows you to increase the height of the layer of compostable material and, as a consequence, the productivity of the installation, with a constant footprint. Separation between floors occurs using a device to reduce compaction (figure 2). This device is fixed on each floor. It consists of two shafts 9 and cables 10. The device operates as follows. In the process of composting, the cables are in a tense position and take on the weight of the composted material, thanks to

why, the underlying layer is less compacted. The movement of material from floor to floor is carried out by sequential winding-unwinding cables. Overloading is carried out on a free lower floor, in which the cables are in a taut position. Using an electric drive 12, the shafts rotate in the direction of unwinding the cables, which are mounted alternately on each of the shafts (through one, two, etc.). The shafts rotate towards each other (Fig. 3), while the cables also move towards each other, thereby achieving better destruction of the material. Under the influence of the mass of material, the cables sag, and they slip along the surface of the material, during which it partially collapses and wakes up on the lower floor. After complete unwinding, coiling takes place, during which the formation of composted material is also cut and spilled. The operation is repeated several times until completely awake. After unloading this floor, the unloading of the next one begins likewise.

An elastic cable 10 (Fig. 4), on one side is fixed to the installation housing using the holder 11, and the other on the shaft 9. At the same time, the cutting elements 15 are installed on the cable, which are designed to improve the spilling process. The cutting elements are made in the form of two rhombs located at right angles to each other. This form allows you to cut the material when the element moves in the forward and reverse directions at any location relative to its axis. There are two mounting options (figure 4): one-piece to the cable, or connection using links. And in both cases, the cutting elements are not located along the entire length of the cable, but on that part of it, which remains when it is fully tensioned. The flexibility of the cable provides some rotation of the cutting elements relative to the axis, which ensures bypass of large inclusions (stones, branches, etc.). For the convenience of cable operation, slots are provided in the composting device body. In order to prevent the escape of air through them, each of the shafts is closed

casing 13, between the casing and the shaft there are gaskets 14, due to this, the casing remains tight.

When unloading from floor to floor, the composted material is crushed and mixed many times, increasing porosity, which contributes to a better course of the decomposition of organic material.

The unloading of the installation is carried out using the unloading device 6, located in the lower part of the housing, in the area of arch formation. The unloading device (Fig. 5) consists of two or more parallel shafts 16 mounted at some distance from each other on the frame 18 with the possibility of synchronous rotation and provided with destructive elements 17. The destructive elements of two adjacent shafts overlap each other and consist of many disk milling cutters, each of which is mounted eccentrically and at a certain distance from each other with a change in the installation angle relative to the axis of rotation. The drive of the unloading device is carried out simultaneously for each shaft by electric motors 19. Adjoining shafts with arch destructive elements, rotating towards each other, due to the eccentric installation of disk cutters, contribute to the most efficient destruction of the compacted structure of the processed material, which prevents arch formation and leads to its portioned unloading from the installation body through the unloading hole 8. The efficiency of the discharge device of this design is achieved by mutual rytiya adjacent shafts of the cutting wheels and the best interaction with the processed material, ensuring its uniformity and loose structure. The advantage of using eccentrically mounted disk cutters as demolition elements compared to screw discharge devices is that it eliminates the compaction of the material during operation, reduces the load on the drive and, as a result, makes the discharge process less energy intensive.

The floor construction of the housing allows to improve the air supply system. When air passes through the lower layers of the composted material, part of the oxygen is spent on biothermal reactions, and its concentration gradually decreases, which inhibits the decomposition process in the upper layers. It is proposed to supply air under each and / or through the floor (Fig.6). Due to this, the influx of warm air from below will remain, which will accelerate the heating of the newly arrived material, and a partial supply of fresh air will accelerate the decomposition process. Perforated pipes are no longer needed. The gradual self-sealing of the material contributes to the formation of a cavity under the cables into which air is supplied. Evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the cavity, the air tends to rise up due to the operation of the biofilter exhaust fan 6.

The presence of a biofilter in the upper part of the installation completely eliminates the pollution of the atmosphere with harmful gases and pathogens.

Using the proposed utility model as a plant for processing organic raw materials will reduce the composting time by improving aeration, as well as improve the unloading process.

Information sources

1. RU 2044435, cl. AC01 3/02, 09/27/1995.

2. Application No. 2004132670 publ. 04/20/2006

Claims (5)

1. Installation for composting, comprising a housing, an unloading device, an air supply source, an air duct, characterized in that the unloading device is installed in the place of formation of the arch and is made in the form of shafts arranged in parallel and rotating towards each other, provided with collapsing elements, in the form of eccentrically mounted disk mills. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least one device for reducing compaction of the compostable mass in the form of shafts with cables and cutting elements. 3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutting elements are made in the form of two sharpened rhombuses located at right angles to each other. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the air supply source is connected via a duct to the cavity under the seal reduction device. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a biofilter equipped with an exhaust fan.