RU96370U1 - DEVICE FOR PROCESSING WASTE OF POULTRY AND ANIMAL BREEDING USING HEAT OF EXOMETRIC REACTIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. A device for processing waste from poultry and livestock using the heat of exometric reactions, containing at least one biofermenter with pressure and exhaust fans, an air duct and aeration grills installed on the bottom of the biofermenter using longitudinal supports, characterized in that the biofermenter is equipped with a housing with an internal cavity for placement and fermentation in it of a mixture of carbon-containing raw materials and phosphon-containing complexones and complexonates of trace elements with a layer not exceeding 1.5 m, the body of the sample The bottom is made of bottom, longitudinal walls and a cover, while the bottom is made in the form of an aeration grid of mesh with cells not exceeding 5 mm, fixed between the longitudinal or transverse walls of the body with emphasis on the foundation beams, and the foundation beams are located along any pair of longitudinal walls for the entire the length of the housing with the formation of space under the bottom of the housing and have a height of at least 70 cm and a width of 15 to 25 cm, the ducts are formed by parallel channels between the foundation beams, and the ducts are placed in the immediate lizosti or combined with at least one blowing fan providing ekzometricheskih reaction temperature of from 70 to 80 ° C. ! 2. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon-containing raw materials include chicken droppings and / or cattle manure and peat and / or sawdust. ! 3. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation beams are located at a distance from each other from 12 to 17 cm.! 4. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the aeration grate is made�

Description

The utility model relates to agriculture and can be used in the processing of waste (litter) of livestock complexes and poultry farms, the production of fertilizers and feed additives by processing manure, manure of poultry and cattle, as well as from other organic waste.

Known utility model "DEVICE FOR PROCESSING LITTER", patent RU 44317, publ. 03/10/2005, IPC CD 11/08, including a housing with an internal cavity for fermenting (fermenting) a mixture of materials containing carbon, the internal cavity is connected to the space outside the housing through openings in the bottom. The device allows you to reduce the processing time of the litter, however, the device is complex and requires an accurate calculation of the ratio of the area of the holes to the area of the inner surface of the housing, which is difficult to perform during installation, because building standards allow for too large errors, much more than the stated ratio.

The invention is known, "INSTALLATION FOR PRODUCING FERTILIZERS", patent RU 2238926 publ. 03/27/2003, IPC C05F 3/06, which allows the use of a fermenter in the form of a tank with a bottom containing pipelines, fans, in the central part of the fermenter floor and at the junction of the walls with the floor, to obtain fertilizers from manure and litter with organic fillers and additives. made parallel channels, which are blocked by grids. The invention allows to reduce the complexity of installation and increase the reliability of its operation and maintenance due to more economical use of the fan. However, the channels along the walls and pipelines are made with frequent steps and have insufficient diameter of the holes, which requires accurate construction work when laying the foundation and are difficult to perform embedded parts when filling the foundation, due to the frequent installation of channels with a small diameter does not reduce the energy consumption of fans.

The invention is known "Fermenter device", patent RU 2261850, publ. 10.10.2005, IPC C05F 3/06, containing a bioreactor with a bottom, a blower for supplying air from bottom to top through the bottom, an exhaust fan and a fan control system with a temperature sensor, one of the longitudinal walls of the bioreactor is made in the form of an opening hatch for unloading the finished product. The invention allows to reduce the cooling time of the finished product and to improve the quality of the resulting fertilizer due to the controlled operation of the fans, but it does not allow to simplify the design and ensure the cyclicality of the fermentation process.

A known application for a utility model "Device for processing litter", RU 2005121648 publ. 01/20/2007, IPC C05F 11/08, including a housing with an internal cavity for fermenting a mixture of litter with materials containing carbon, the internal cavity of which contains a bottom made of a metal mesh located on a frame of beams, and the space under the bottom is connected to a blower fan, however This technical solution does not provide reliable blowing of the mixture, which increases the energy intensity of the fermentation process, and also does not provide a simplification of the design of the fermenter during its installation.

The closest technical solution is the invention "Device for the preparation of composts", patent RU 2244697, publ. 10.10.2004, IPC C05F 3/06, containing a biofermenter with pressure and exhaust fans, an air duct, aeration grills that are installed on the biofermenter floor using longitudinal supports. The invention improves the efficiency of the aeration process of the composted material, and also improves the quality of the finished compost. However, at the same time, the occurrence of sections in the thickness of the mixture of the mixture where processes occur in anaerobic mode is observed, as a result of which the temperature field of the compost mass is uneven inside the biofermenter, due to the design of the air supply system. However, the device is difficult to mount, aeration lattices are difficult to manufacture and installation of pipelines when laying pipelines significantly complicate installation and construction work. In addition, the invention relates to a technology for the preparation of composts and does not take into account the requirements of the reactions in the preparation of fertilizers using the heat of exometric reactions, which does not provide an environmentally friendly organic-mineral fertilizer.

During the construction of a building for processing poultry and livestock waste, foundations are needed for equipment, in particular fermenters, which are economical to carry out together with laying supports under the bottom of the fermenter. For the convenience of installing all the necessary mortgages in concrete, a convenient technological cycle should be provided during construction with the simultaneous installation of beams in the foundation - supports for the fermenter grates, as well as placement of pipes in the beams that ensure reliable air passage when blowing through aeration gratings. The installation of the fermenter on the support beams is required to be carried out both by separate units, and with a fully assembled fermenter body with an internal cavity and fixed aeration gratings. In this case, the walls of the casing should bear the main load of the installation, and the grate should be convenient and economical to manufacture and transfer the load from the mixture when it is laid inside the fermenter to the support beams, which should perform both the power function and provide aeration of the mixture through aeration gratings. To ensure uniform flow of exometrical reactions in a mixture of carbon-containing raw materials and phosphorus-containing complexones and microelement complexonates, it is necessary to ensure uniform blowing of the mixture, however, blowing should be carried out without excessive flows of oxygen-containing air masses, since in this case, the necessary reaction will not be ensured, i.e. the exometric reaction can be artificially terminated, which is unacceptable to obtain environmentally friendly fertilizer. The environmental friendliness of the fertilizer is due to the most complete occurrence in the tab of the mixture of reactions of fermentation of the components of the mixture. At the same time, it is required to reduce the energy intensity of the process, which is due to the most optimal operation mode of the fans. If the throughput of the ducts is too small and their distribution over the area is incorrect, a significantly higher fan power will be required, because uniform distribution of air flows passing through the thickness of the bookmark mixture may be disrupted. In addition, the size of the fermenter must ensure the cyclicality of the fermentation process, i.e. the ability to control the flow of exometric reactions with the release of heat along the entire length of the fermenter. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the possibility of additional loading of the mixture into the fermenter and partial unloading of the finished fertilizer that has undergone a complete fermentation cycle.

The claimed technical solution allows to achieve the following technical result.

- ensuring the production of environmentally friendly organic-mineral fertilizers due to the most complete cycle of fermentation of carbon-containing raw materials,

- reducing the energy intensity of the fermentation process,

- simplification of the design of the fermenter and its installation,

- ensuring the cyclical nature of the fermentation process.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that the device for processing poultry and livestock waste using the heat of exometric reactions contains at least one biofermenter with pressure and exhaust fans, an air duct, aeration grilles installed on the bottom of the biofermenter using longitudinal supports. A device for processing waste is characterized in that the biofermenter is equipped with a housing with an internal cavity for placement and fermentation in it of a mixture of carbon-containing raw materials and phosphon-containing complexones and microelements complexonates with a layer not exceeding 1.5 m. In this case, the mixture may contain, for example, carbon-containing raw materials, including chicken cattle manure and / or dung and / or peat and / or sawdust. The case of the fermenter is formed by a bottom, longitudinal walls and a lid, while the bottom is made in the form of an aeration grid of mesh with cells not exceeding 5 mm, fixed between the longitudinal walls of the body with emphasis on the foundation beams. The grid is made, for example, metal of welded profile bars. The mesh can also be made by weaving of metal wire or polymer thread. For example, a standard plastic net can be taken. Base beams are located along any pair of longitudinal or transverse walls for the entire length of the body with the formation of space under the bottom of the body and have a height of at least 70 cm and a width of 15 to 25 cm. Air ducts are formed by parallel channels between the foundation beams, in addition, ducts can be formed by through holes in the foundation beams, for example, with a diameter of 15 to 20 cm. The foundation beams are placed during construction either parallel to the longitudinal (long) wall of the fermenter body, or parallel to peppermint (shorter) wall of the fermenter casing. Base beams are located at a distance from each other, for example from 12 to 17 cm, but not more than 20 cm. Between the base beams and two opposite walls of the fermenter body (either along short or along long walls of the fermenter body) air gaps are provided to allow air to pass from the blower fan. Air ducts are placed in the immediate vicinity or connected to at least one blowing fan, for example by means of pipes concreted into the through holes of the foundation beams. Air ducts and a pressure fan provide a temperature of exometric reactions from 70 to 80 degrees C. An exhaust fan provides aeration uniform in thickness of the bookmark layer of the mixture to undergo exometric reactions without overheating the mixture and without attenuation of these reactions until the process of fermentation is complete. The biofermenter may be equipped with a device for supplying the mixture to the fermenter, and may also be equipped with a means for unloading fertilizer. Biofermenter can be equipped with a fan control system with a temperature sensor. Thermal sensors can be placed in the central part of the bookmark mixture at a distance of not more than 4 m from each other. In this case, one of the transverse or longitudinal walls of the biofermenter can be made in the form of an opening opening for unloading the finished product and / or the other of the transverse walls of the biofermenter can be made in the form of an opening opening for loading the mixture into the inner cavity of the fermenter. Moreover, the distance between the cover and the top layer of the bookmark mixture is most often not less than 1.0 m, which depends on the composition of the mixture. An exhaust fan is placed, for example, in the volume between the lid and the upper layer of the bookmark mixture. For example, for laying a mixture weighing 35 tons, a 5.5 kW fan is chosen. In addition, in particular, fermenters can be placed in pairs with a cyclic, bookmark mixture with different periods of fermentation. At the same time, at least two longitudinal and / or transverse walls of the biofermenter casing rest on the main foundation.

The technical solution is illustrated and illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the case of the fermenter by filling the mixture.

Figure 2 shows a section aa along the support beams

Figure 3 shows a section bb

Figure 4 shows the cross section of the beam in the area of the laying of the embedded pipe

Figure 5 shows the attachment of the aeration grate

Figure 6 shows a diagram of the installation of fermenters in pairs with the case of the fermenter, equipped with opening apertures for loading and unloading mixtures located on the same foundation beams.

The design of the device is as follows.

The housing (1) is provided with longitudinal walls (2), transverse walls (3), a cover (4) and a bottom (5), which form an internal cavity. The layer of laying the mixture of carbon-containing raw materials and phosphorus-containing complexones and microelement complexonates does not exceed a height “h”, which can vary depending on the composition of the mixture components up to 1.5 m. The bottom (5) is a grid with cells no more than 5 mm, for example, a standard the polymer network on which the mixture layer is placed. To prevent the mesh from bending, it rests on foundation beams (6), which are located at a distance of no more than 20 cm.Then the mesh holds the load of the mixture without large deflections, but remains flexible to ensure the best aeration of the mixture from below. In this case, the aeration grid in the form of a grid (7) is fixed on the perimeter of the case (1) along the perimeter of the side walls of the case. The grid can only be fixed to two opposite walls of the fermenter housing. In this case, two or three walls (2) and (3) of the housing (1) of the fermenter are mounted directly on the foundation of the fermenter, below the level of the beams and are bearing. One wall (2) or (3) rises above the foundation beams (6) to ensure the passage of an oxygen-containing stream from the discharge fan (8). (See Figure 1). Beams (6) are located parallel to the side walls parallel to each other at a distance of no more than 20 cm, have dimensions not less than 70 cm in height and in width from 15 to 25 cm. This is necessary so that, firstly, a convenient technological cycle is ensured during construction construction, and in addition, the air volume under the bottom (5) should provide free passage of air masses for their vertical supply through the aeration grilles (7) into the mixture. Secondly, the dimensions of the foundation beams (6) in height provide the necessary and sufficient volume of air masses, which ensures reliable aeration of the mixture from below, but protects against excessive blowing of the mixture, which can lead to extinguishing of the exometric reaction. Thirdly, the width of the foundation beams (6) ensures reliable retention of the aeration mesh (7) from deflection, i.e. are bearing the load from the mixture embedded in the fermenter. The base beams (6) are arranged so that between the walls (2) and the ends of the beams (6) there is an opening (12) for the passage of air flow, (see Figure 2). In the foundation beams (6) staggered pipes (9) are provided in a staggered manner, which are installed during construction, which ensures uniform passage of oxygen-containing flows over the entire area of the bottom (5) of the fermenter body (1). Above the mixture placed in the body cavity, between the mixture and the lid (4) there should be enough free space so that the products of excretion during fermentation do not accumulate, but are removed by an exhaust fan (10). Timely removal of excretion products is necessary to ensure environmentally friendly organic-mineral fertilizers, since they can re-enter the reaction with the finished fertilizer and change its chemical composition. The housing (1) can be equipped with opening openings (11) for loading and unloading the mixture. In this case, the loading process, as well as the unloading process can be carried out both from one opening, and from another opening. This is necessary to ensure a cyclic fermentation process. The process is cyclical due to the design of the fermenter, since the laying of the mixture can be carried out, for example, first by 1/3 of the fermenter, depending on the finished mixture, then report another 1/3 of the next portion of the mixture, and so on. As fertilizer is ready (after going through a full fermentation cycle), finished fertilizer can also be unloaded in stages. The cycling of the fermentation process can also be carried out due to the fact that two fermenters are placed on the same foundation beams (6) as described above. The pairwise placement of the bodies (1) of the fermenters provides a continuous cyclic process of loading, fermenting and unloading fertilizer. At the same time, at least two longitudinal and / or transverse walls of the biofermenter casing are supported by the main foundation (13), and bear the load from the fermenter casing on the main foundation (13), and the load from laying the mixture into the internal cavity of the fermenter casing (1) is transmitted through foundation beams (6) to the main foundation (13). In this case, the entire load from laying the mixture is taken not by aeration gratings (7), but by foundation beams (6).

The device operates as follows.

Before loading, excrement is mixed with a carbon-containing moisture-absorbing material to form a mixture containing a biologically active additive containing a phosphonic complex in an amount equimolar to the total micronutrient content in a mixture and micronutrient complex components based on a phosphonic complexon in an amount that brings the microelement content to normal, as well as fresh excrement to trigger an exometric reaction. The mixture is loaded into the cavity of the case (1) of the fermenter with a layer not exceeding 1.5 m. Then the mixture is purged from bottom to top over the entire surface area of the bottom (5) with oxygen-containing gas, reaching a temperature of 70 to 80 ° C in the first 1 or 2 days by maintaining an exometrical reaction providing the necessary heat and heating the mixture evenly to the desired temperatures to carry out the fermentation process of the mixture and obtain fertilizer. The fermentation process takes 4-5 days, which ensures a transition from the process of the mesophilic fermentation stage, which begins at the stage of mixing the components, to the thermophilic fermentation stage, which occurs during aeration of the mixture against the background of the exometric reaction with the release of the required amount of heat. The beginning of lowering the temperature of the mixture, which begins on day 5 and ends by the 7-8th day of the fermentation process, shows that the mixture went through a complete fermentation cycle, i.e. obtaining high-quality, environmentally friendly organo-mineral fertilizers. With a decrease in temperature to 40 degrees. unload the finished product. At the same time, using an exometric reaction, an environmentally friendly organic-mineral fertilizer is obtained and the energy intensity of the fermentation process is reduced. The metered purge of the mixture is ensured by the construction of the foundation beams (6) and the housing (1) of the fermenter, i.e. due to the constructively obtained volume of the purged oxygen-containing mixture through the air ducts (12) in the foundation beams (6) and between them, as well as between the foundation beams (6) and the walls (2), (3) of the fermenter body (1). In this case, the power of the pressure fan is chosen most economically, since a fan with a power of 5.5 kW is enough for a mixture weighing 35 tons. The economical operation of the fan is ensured by the ratio of the volume under the bottom (5) of the fermenter body (1) and the area of the air ducts (12), which contribute to the uniform distribution of air mass flows during their movement and do not create a turbulent flow that prevents the mixture from flowing vertically during aeration.

Thus, the technical result is achieved by simplifying the design of the fermenter and its installation, as well as reducing the energy intensity of the fermentation process. In addition, it ensures the production of environmentally friendly organic-mineral fertilizers due to the most complete passage of the fermentation cycle of carbon-containing raw materials using exometric reactions. The design allows a phased loading of the mixture for fermentation, as a single fermenter, and in several fermenters located on the same foundation beams (6). Thus, a technical result is ensured that the fermentation process is cyclical, and, therefore, a continuous technological process for producing fertilizer is provided.

Claims (17)

1. A device for processing waste from poultry and livestock using the heat of exometric reactions, containing at least one biofermenter with pressure and exhaust fans, an air duct and aeration grills installed on the bottom of the biofermenter using longitudinal supports, characterized in that the biofermenter is equipped with a housing with an internal cavity for placement and fermentation in it of a mixture of carbon-containing raw materials and phosphon-containing complexones and complexonates of trace elements with a layer not exceeding 1.5 m, the body of the sample The bottom is made of bottom, longitudinal walls and a cover, while the bottom is made in the form of an aeration grid of mesh with cells not exceeding 5 mm, fixed between the longitudinal or transverse walls of the body with emphasis on the foundation beams, and the foundation beams are located along any pair of longitudinal walls for the entire the length of the housing with the formation of space under the bottom of the housing and have a height of at least 70 cm and a width of 15 to 25 cm, the ducts are formed by parallel channels between the foundation beams, and the ducts are placed in the immediate lizosti or combined with at least one blowing fan providing ekzometricheskih reaction temperature of from 70 to 80 ° C. 2. A device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon-containing raw materials include chicken droppings and / or cattle manure and peat and / or sawdust. 3. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation beams are located at a distance from each other from 12 to 17 cm 4. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the aeration grid is made in the form of a metal grid of welded profile rods. 5. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the aeration grid is made in the form of a mesh obtained by weaving from a metal wire or polymer thread. 6. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional ducts are made in the form of through holes with a diameter of 15 to 20 cm, located in the foundation beams. 7. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the biofermenter is equipped with a device for feeding the mixture into the inner cavity of the fermenter body. 8. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the biofermenter is equipped with a means for unloading fertilizer. 9. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the biofermenter is equipped with a fan control system with a temperature sensor. 10. A device for processing waste according to claim 9, characterized in that the temperature sensors are located in the Central part of the bookmark mixture at a distance of not more than 4 m from each other. 11. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the transverse or longitudinal walls of the biofermenter is made in the form of an opening opening for unloading the finished product. 12. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that one of the transverse or longitudinal walls of the biofermenter is made in the form of an opening opening for loading the mixture into the inner cavity of the fermenter. 13. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the cover and the top layer of the bookmark mixture is at least 1.0 m 14. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the exhaust fan is placed in the volume between the cover and the upper layer of the bookmark mixture. 15. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that for the laying of the mixture weighing 35 tons choose a pressure fan 5.5 kW. 16. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the fermenters are placed in pairs with cyclic bookmarks of the mixture with different fermentation periods on the same foundation beams. 17. The device for processing waste according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two longitudinal and / or transverse walls of the biofermenter housing are based on the main foundation.