RU68996U1 - FREIGHT WAGON BRAKE TEST DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport and can be used on traction rolling stock to verify the technical characteristics of the brake of freight cars both after repair and in operating conditions. The device consists of two independently functioning parts: a mobile unit and a stationary unit. The mobile unit includes pressure, displacement, force, control unit, electro-pneumatic unit, air release device, recording device, power board, power source and indicator. The stationary unit includes a reader, a personal computer and a printer. Pressure sensors are installed on the air reservoir, brake line and on the brake cylinder of the car. Displacement sensors are installed on the brake cylinder and on the auto-regulator of the brake system of the car. Force sensors are mounted on the brake shoes of each wagon trolley. The pressure sensor and the displacement sensor mounted on the brake cylinder are placed in one housing, which is attached to the control hole in the brake cylinder housing. The device includes a radio channel designed to organize the exchange of data between the sensors, the control panel and the controller. The device controls all the parameters of the brake system, the force of pressing the brake pads in all modes of operation of the air distributor and the action of the autoregulator. The advantages of the proposed device are reduced labor costs, due to the simplification of the installation of pressure sensors and displacement on the brake cylinder body. The placement of the optical displacement sensor inside the pressure sensor housing, which is attached to the control hole in the brake cylinder body, protects the sensor optics from contamination and allows testing in difficult operating conditions in severe frosts, increases the accuracy of measurements and the reliability of the device.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport and can be used on traction rolling stock to verify the technical characteristics of the brake of freight cars after repair.

A known device for testing brake equipment of freight cars, consisting of two independently functioning parts: a mobile unit and a stationary unit. The mobile unit includes three pressure sensors, two displacement sensors, two force sensors, a control unit, an electro-pneumatic unit, an air exhaust device, a recording device, a power board, a power source, and an indicator. The stationary unit includes a reader, a personal one and a printer. In accordance with a predetermined program, control signals are received from the control unit to the electro-pneumatic unit. The electro-pneumatic unit controls the electro-pneumatic valves included in it by regulating the air supply from the supply to the brake line and its discharge into the atmosphere. Devices of the auto-brake system (air distributor, auto-regulator of brake lever gears, and an automatic switch of braking modes) are triggered by control signals in various operating modes specified by the test program (discharge, braking, and “override”). The force of the brake pads to the surface of the wheels is measured using a force sensor. Data on the operation of the brake is recorded by pressure, force and displacement sensors. Based on the information received, the characteristics of the brake equipment are determined, conclusions are made about its performance and possible malfunctions. Data on the monitored parameters are displayed on the indicator of the control unit and recorded. Tests of brake equipment are carried out in an automatic cycle consisting of sequential checks. Based on the information received, the characteristics of the brake equipment are determined, conclusions are made about its condition and possible malfunctions. During the operation of the device, all the main parameters of the brake system are controlled; pressing force of brake pads in all modes of operation of the air distributor; autoregulator action. If there are malfunctions of the brake, the device determines their source [1]. Disadvantages

of this device are: low reliability of the linear displacement sensor, which is mounted on the rod of the brake cylinder; large labor costs when installing pressure and displacement sensors on the brake cylinder; costly and unreliable, often damaged in the operation of the cable connection between the measuring sensors and the control unit.

The purpose of creating a utility model is to increase the reliability of linear displacement sensors mounted on the brake cylinder rod, reduce labor costs for mounting pressure and displacement sensors on the brake cylinder rod, and create reliable and cheap communication between pressure, displacement and force measuring sensors with the device control unit.

This goal is achieved by placing the pressure sensor and the optical displacement sensor in one common housing, attaching this housing to the control hole in the brake cylinder housing, using the radio channel between all pressure, displacement and force sensors with the device control unit.

Figure 1 presents a structural diagram of a device for testing brake equipment of freight cars. Figure 2 presents the layout of the pressure sensors and displacement in one housing. The following digital designations are used in the diagrams: 1 - pressure sensor mounted on the air tank; 2 - pressure sensor mounted on the brake line; 3 - displacement sensor mounted on the brake cylinder; 4 - displacement sensor mounted on the automatic lever brake gear; 5 - force sensor mounted on the brake shoe of one of the wagon trolleys; 6 - force sensor mounted on the brake pad of the second carriage of the carriage; 7 - control unit; 8 - electro-pneumatic unit; 9 - air discharge device; 10 - pressure sensor mounted on the brake cylinder; 11 - recording device; 12 - power board; 13 - power source; 14 - indicator; 15 - reading device; 16 - personal computer; 17 - printer; 18 - mobile installation; 19 - stationary unit; 20 - supply line; 21 - a brake highway; 22 - atmosphere; 23 - air tank; 24 - radio channel; 25 - a rod of the brake cylinder; 26 - the piston of the brake cylinder; 27 - control hole of the brake cylinder; 28 - the housing of the brake cylinder; 29 is a housing in which a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor are placed; 30 - brake cylinder.

The device (figure 1) consists of two independently functioning parts: a mobile installation 18 and a stationary unit 19. The mobile installation 18 includes pressure sensors 1, 2 and 10, displacement 3 and 4, forces 5 and 6, control unit 7, electro-pneumatic unit 8, an air exhaust device 9, a recording device 11, a power board 12, a power source 13, and an indicator 14. The stationary unit 19 includes a reader 15, a personal computer 16, and a printer 17. A pressure sensor 1 is mounted on an air tank, a pressure sensor 2 tired poured onto the brake line 21, the pressure sensor 10 is installed on the brake cylinder 30 of the car. The displacement sensor 3 is installed on the brake cylinder 30, the displacement sensor 4 is installed on the auto-regulator of the braking system of the car (not shown). The force sensor 5 is installed on the brake shoe (not shown) of the first carriage, the force sensor 6 is installed on the brake shoe (not shown) of the second carriage. The pressure sensor 10 (figure 2) and the displacement sensor 3 are installed in one housing 29, which is attached to the control hole 27 in the housing 28 of the brake cylinder 30.

The device operates as follows. From the control unit 7 to the electro-pneumatic unit 8, which controls the electro-pneumatic valves (not shown), which provide for the regulation of the air supply from the supply line 20 to the brake line 21 and its discharge into the atmosphere 22, control signals are supplied in accordance with a predetermined program. The brake devices of the tested freight car are triggered: an air distributor, an autoregulator of brake linkages, an auto mode and a brake system in various programmed modes: discharging, braking and “blocking”. Also, the brake pads are pressed against the surface of the wheel, the force of which is measured using force sensors 5 and 6. Data on the operation of the brake is recorded by pressure sensors 1, 2 and 10, forces 5 and 6, movements 3 and 4, and transmitted via radio communication channel 23 to control unit 7. The radio communication channel 23 provides for the exchange of data between sensors, a radio remote control (not shown) and a controller 9 (not shown). Based on the information received, the characteristics of the brake equipment are determined, conclusions are made about its condition and possible malfunctions. Data on controlled parameters and their estimates are displayed on the block indicator

management and are registered. Tests of brake equipment are carried out in a single automatic cycle, which consists of sequential checks. At the end of any test, depending on its result, the operator may interrupt the execution to correct the detected malfunctions. The current values of the technical parameters of the brake are displayed on indicator 14 during the tests. The results are encoded into non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can be transferred to a special reader connected to a personal computer 16. Based on the information received, the characteristics of the brake equipment are determined on the program recorded in the processor of the mobile unit’s control unit, conclusions are made about its condition and possible malfunctions. At the end of any test, depending on its result, the operator may interrupt the execution to correct the detected malfunctions. Before testing the braking equipment of a car, initial data are entered into the recording device using a keyboard (not shown in the figure). This is the car number, the tare weight of the car, the type of brake pads, the type of the main part of the air distributor and its serial number, the type of the main part of the air distributor and its serial number; type of two-chamber tank; the presence of auto mode, its type and serial number; availability of autoregulator, its type and serial number; the presence of a parking brake. This allows you to increase technological discipline and monitor the status of each brake system of each test car and monitor the operational reliability of each brake device.

During operation of the device, the following parameters of the brake system are controlled: time of charging the brake system; the density of the brake air line; insensitivity of the air distributor to a decrease in pressure in the brake line at a soft rate; the amount of additional discharge of the air distributor; sensitivity to braking; sensitivity to brake release; pressure in the brake cylinder with empty, medium and loaded operating modes of the air distributor with full service braking; brake cylinder rod output; density of the braking system of the car in a braked and charged state; pressing force of brake pads in all modes of operation of the air distributor; hydraulic resistance of the brake line; autoregulator action.

The advantages of the claimed device are the simplification of the installation of pressure sensors and displacement sensors on the brake cylinder body, which significantly saves time on fixing sensors during testing of freight cars and increases labor productivity. The use of an optical displacement sensor mounted on the brake cylinder increases the accuracy of measurements and the reliability of the device, since there are no moving parts in such a sensor. Placing the optical displacement sensor inside the pressure sensor housing, which is attached to the control hole in the brake cylinder housing, helps to prevent contamination of the optics. Using such a design of a pressure sensor and an optical displacement sensor, in which they are enclosed in one housing, allows testing in difficult operating conditions, and the radio communication between the pressure, displacement and force measuring sensors with the device control unit is much cheaper and more reliable than the cable connection used in similar devices.

Information sources

1. Patent for utility model of Russia No. 54569, MKI B60T 17/22, B60T 13/26, B60T 15/60, priority dated 2006.02.21.

Claims (1)

A device for testing brake equipment of freight cars, comprising a driver’s crane or a replacement device thereof connected to a supply line and a brake cylinder; connecting sleeves, one of which is connected to a source of compressed air, and the other to the connecting sleeve of the car; pressure sensors, one of which is installed on the air reservoir, the other on the brake line, the third on the brake cylinder; displacement sensors, one of which is installed on the brake cylinder rod, the other - on the automatic lever brake gear; force sensors, each of which is installed on the brake shoes of each wagon trolley; all sensors are connected to the control unit; the test results are recorded in the non-volatile memory of the recording device, displayed on the indicator and stored in long-term memory, characterized in that the pressure sensor and the optical displacement sensor mounted on the brake cylinder are enclosed in a common housing and are attached to the brake cylinder housing through a control hole; communication between pressure sensors, displacement, force and the control unit is carried out via a radio channel.