RU65888U1 - Fragment of a decorative mosaic tile - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technology of manufacturing decorative panels from glass-siliceous waste, more specifically, to the design of fragments of decorative mosaic panels and can be used in the architectural and decoration of buildings for their external and internal decoration with mosaic compositions, as well as for the manufacture of decorative and applied products. The problem of the utility model to be solved is the creation of a relatively simple monolithic design of a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel, which, after high-temperature processing in a furnace, has sufficiently high strength and artistic-decorative characteristics. Additional are the tasks of creating a fairly simple and effective technology for the production of mosaic panels with high quality front surfaces from cheap industrial waste for decorating buildings and structures with mosaic compositions. This problem is solved in that in a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel containing a carrier layer and a decorative layer of smalt fastened to it, according to a utility model, the carrier layer is made of a sintered mixture of glass and sand particles, and the decorative layer is made of pieces of smalt rectangular or arbitrary in the plan of the form, fused with the base into the carrier layer and partially among themselves. In addition, pieces of smalt can have a thickness of 3-12 mm and can be made of a fused mixture of glass waste, quartz sand and additives of colored non-smoked glass. Description for 5 l., FIG. for 1 liter

Description

The utility model relates to the technology of manufacturing decorative panels from glass-siliceous waste, more specifically, to the design of fragments of decorative mosaic panels and can be used in the architectural and decoration of buildings for their external and internal decoration with mosaic compositions, as well as for the manufacture of decorative and applied products.

A decorative mosaic panel is known, composed of fragments containing a base and plates of colored ornamental stone laid on its surface, placed along the lines of the sketch of the picture and fastened to the base and to each other using a binder (see V. Lebedinsky in the wonderful world of stone. 3rd ed., M., "Nedra", 1985, p.200).

Finished fragments of such a panel are assembled into a single composition on a common tablet, leveled and ground. When creating panels, thin colored tiles are first made from malachite, jasper, opal, amazonite and other ornamental stones. Then they are selected according to the configuration and tone so that they are consistent with each other and the sketch of the panel, after which the selected elements are glued to the base using a mineral or synthetic binder.

The disadvantages of the well-known decorative mosaic panels include the high cost and the relatively sophisticated technology of its manufacture due to the need to form and fit colored non-repeating forms of many mosaic elements.

The closest technical solution to the proposed one is a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel containing a supporting layer and a decorative layer of colored glass mounted on it (see the magazine “Building season No. 40 of 10/20/2005, p.20 - prototype).

The well-known decorative panel and its fragments are made using the Fusing technique, which makes it possible to create a stained glass or mosaic composition on a separate sheet of glass, which is the base or supporting layer of the fragment. A composite drawing of separate pieces of colored glass or smalt is collected on the carrier layer, then all this is sintered in a furnace into a single monolithic whole. Fragments of a decorative panel are fastened with the help of connecting elements on a common frame or at joints between each other.

The use of specially prepared smalt instead of pieces of colored technical glass as a material of mosaic elements helps to increase the decorative effect of the mosaic panel due to the addition of many additional shades to the main colors. However, the manufacture of decorative panels by known technology is associated with the need to select mosaic elements and a glass base with equal or similar thermal expansion coefficients, since their difference in sintering leads to the appearance of microcracks in the monolithic thickness or to destruction after annealing of the whole fragment of the panel.

The problem of the utility model to be solved is the creation of a relatively simple monolithic design of a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel, which, after high-temperature processing in a furnace, has sufficiently high strength and artistic-decorative characteristics. Additional are the tasks of creating a fairly simple and effective technology for the production of mosaic panels with high quality front surfaces from cheap industrial waste for decorating buildings and structures with mosaic compositions.

This problem is solved in that in a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel containing a carrier layer and a decorative layer of smalt fastened to it, according to a utility model, the carrier layer is made of a sintered mixture of glass and sand particles, and the decorative layer is made of pieces of smalt rectangular or arbitrary in the plan of the form, fused with the base into the carrier layer and partially among themselves.

In addition, pieces of smalt can have a thickness of 3-12 mm and can be made of a fused mixture of glass waste, quartz sand and the addition of colored glass

This embodiment of the device solves the problem of creating a monolithic structure of a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel, which has a sufficiently high strength and decorative characteristics. At the same time, the task of creating an effective technology for the production of fragments of high-quality mosaic panels from cheap industrial waste is being solved with a significant reduction in their production time for the purpose of decorating mosaic compositions for interior and exterior decoration of buildings and structures.

As a result of experimental testing of the modes of obtaining various types of fragments of mosaic panels, conditions were found for selecting the composition of the materials of the bearing and decorative layers, as well as the optimal modes of sintering.

The main initial components of the mixture for the manufacture of smalt and its application in the proposed mosaic panel are a molten mixture of cullet (50-85 wt. Hours) and sand (49-14 wt. Hours) with the addition of damped colored glass. The ratio of ingredients in this mixture is determined by the predominance of glass phase and can vary within wide limits, allowing you to change the decorative and thermophysical characteristics of smalt.

For the supporting structural layer of the proposed fragment of the mosaic panel, waste is used of glass or glass granulate (75-86 parts by weight) and quartz sand (25-14 parts by weight). In this case, as the initial components of the mixture for the carrier and decorative layers, particles of glass and quartz sand are used, mainly, fractions of 0.1-5 mm.

Despite the difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion of the ingredients, their sintering in the proposed device is carried out without violating the strength characteristics of the obtained samples. The monolithic fragments of a decorative mosaic panel obtained after annealing do not contain microcracks, have a strong connection of the bearing and decorative layers, and the front side of the fragment may have, in the presence of a mosaic relief, a smooth or relief surface.

Implemented in the proposed device, the range of thicknesses of the carrier layer is in the range of 5-20 mm, and the decorative layer in the range of 3-12 mm. The indicated ranges of thicknesses of the bearing and decorative layers are also determined experimentally. Moreover, a decrease in the thickness of the decorative layer of less than 3 mm is impractical due to the possibility of complete melting of smalt fragments, which violates the decorative effect of the mosaic panel, and an increase in this thickness of more than 12 mm significantly increases the sintering time of mosaic elements with a bearing layer.

Figure 1 shows the construction of a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel.

A fragment of the mosaic panel contains a plate of the main carrier layer 1 of size 200 × 300 mm and a thickness of 12 mm, sintered from a mixture of glass and sand. On its surface a mosaic composition is fused in the form of a decorative layer of rectangular 2 and arbitrary 3 plan pieces of multi-colored smalt 3-5 mm thick. Pieces of smalt are fused with base 4 into the carrier layer 1. Some particles of smalt can be partially fused to each other along adjacent boundaries.

For the manufacture of smalt pieces 2, 3 of the decorative layer and the material of the carrier layer 1, as a rule, products of various types of glass production waste are used. For this reason, they have different physicochemical composition, different colors and different coefficients of thermal expansion.

Each of the fragments functions as part of a decorative mosaic panel. The panel may include at least two fragments located in the same plane and mechanically fastened together using connecting elements or a common frame (not shown). The monolithic design of a fragment of a decorative mosaic panel has high strength and artistic-decorative characteristics. The manufacturing technology of fragments from cheap industrial waste allows you to achieve high quality mosaic panels for use in the decoration of buildings and structures with mosaic compositions.

A fragment of a decorative mosaic panel is made as follows.

The initial components of crushed glass, quartz sand, and colored stained glass additives with a fraction of 0.5-5 mm are mixed and loaded into a thermally insulated form with a layer of a given thickness. Then, pieces of smalt prepared in advance using the known technology of glass or according to the proposed technology of glass silica, are laid on the surface of the backfill according to the pattern of the stencil.

The heat treatment of the prepared blank of the panel fragment is carried out in a closed volume by a bell-type electric heater, which heats the blank to a temperature of 850-1000 ° C, depending on the thickness of the carrier layer and the thickness of smalt pieces. The panel fragment is cooled and annealed after removing the bell-type heater under the removable heat-insulated lid to a temperature of 40-50 ° С, after which the panel fragment is removed and the mold is reloaded.

An example of manufacturing a fragment of a mosaic panel.

The prepared mixture, consisting of crushed cullet with particle sizes of 0.5-5 mm and sand in an amount of 20 wt. hours fall asleep to a depth of 15 mm in the form of a size of 300 × 400 mm Colored smalt pieces of 3 mm thickness and 10 × 40 mm of crushed glass granulate are laid on the surface of the backfill in accordance with a stencil - a pattern in the form of a flower or other artistic image.

Then the form is closed with a bell-type mobile electric heater. After the heater is turned on, the fragment is heated and exposed at a temperature of 900 ° C for 40 minutes. The heater is turned off and set aside, and the mold is covered with a thermally insulated lid. After cooling and self-annealing of the panel fragment under the cover to a temperature of 50 ° C, it is removed and the finished fragment of the decorative mosaic panel is taken out.

The implementation of the device according to the utility model allows you to create a fairly solid monolithic structure of fragments of decorative mosaic panels of high quality from cheap industrial waste with a significant reduction in the time of their manufacture for the purpose of decoration of small and monumental mosaic compositions.

Claims (2)

1. A fragment of a decorative mosaic panel containing a carrier layer and a decorative smalt layer attached to it, characterized in that the carrier layer is made of a sintered mixture of glass and sand particles, and the decorative layer is made of pieces of smalt, rectangular or arbitrary in shape, fused with a base in the carrier layer and partially between each other. 2. A fragment according to claim 1, characterized in that the pieces of smalt have a thickness of 3-12 mm and are made of a fused mixture of waste glass, quartz sand and colored colored glass additives.