RU56677U1 - MULTI-PROCESSOR SYSTEM OF DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION OF TIRES OF SUBSTATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to computing and relay protection technology and is intended for differential protection of buses with voltage of 110-220 kV. The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functional and hardware capabilities of the system by introducing the differential protection functions of the tires while maintaining the automation functions of the process of collecting information about the state of inputs, connections of the monitoring and control object, automating the collection, analysis and storage of information about emergency processes from relay protection devices, collecting diagnostic information from relay protection and automation units. A multiprocessor system contains three processing devices and a shutdown unit. The proposed multiprocessor system can be used as a multi-functional fault-tolerant software and hardware complex for solving problems of controlling relay protection and automation devices.

Description

The utility model relates to computer technology and relay protection technology and is intended for differential protection of 110-220 kV buses.

Known multiprocessor computing system [A.S. G06 F15M6 No. 1820391 B.I. No. 21, 1993] containing N-processing devices, M-input-output devices and a storage device, the processing device comprising a computing unit, first and second shutdown units, a pulse shaper, a control trigger and an AND element used to solve various control problems, but it has limited functional and hardware capabilities for differential protection of busbars.

Multiprocessor computing system [A.S. G 06 F 15/6 No. 1805477 B.I. No. 12 1993] containing N processing devices and N communication nodes, each processing device comprising a processing unit and two interface nodes with a trunk, each communication node containing nine AND elements, four OR elements, and the trigger has ample reconfiguration to solve various tasks, but also has limited functional and hardware capabilities for differential protection of busbars.

The closest technical solution is a multi-microprocessor relay protection and automation system with the display of information on a common display [Patent RU G 06 F 15/6 No. 49304 B.I. No. 31 2005] containing N processing devices, a device for interfacing with an object, a recorder of emergency processes and events, a functional controller with a display and a processor, each processing device containing a processing unit and two nodes for interfacing with a trunk. The prototype has wide functionality for controlling various information processing processes, but also has limited functional and hardware capabilities for differential protection of busbars.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functional and hardware capabilities of the system by introducing the differential protection functions of busbars.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a known system containing N-processing devices (N = 3), and each processing device contains a processing unit and two nodes

interfacing with the trunk, and the information inputs and outputs of the second group of each Nth processing device are the first group of inputs and outputs of the system, the second group of inputs and outputs of which is a group of inputs and outputs of the Nth processing units, the first and second group of inputs of which are the first and the second group of system inputs, a shutdown node is introduced, and the shutdown node contains two buttons, seven switches and seven relays, and the information inputs and outputs of the first group of each N-th processing device are the third group second input-output system, seven groups tripping unit which outputs are a group of outputs, the first, second and third group of outputs whose inputs is a group of inputs-outputs of the first, second and third processing unit, respectively.

Figure 1 shows the connection diagram of a multiprocessor system with connections.

Figure 2 is an example implementation of a processing device.

Figure 3 is an example implementation of blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage.

The diagram shows examples of the implementation of one of the galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage from the total number of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals, determined by the number of input analog current and voltage signals.

Figure 4 is an example implementation of a fragment of the circuit node shutdown.

Figure 1 marked:

1 ₁ - section with connections 8 ₁ ... 8 ₃ ;

1 ₂ - section with connections 8 ₅ ... 8 ₇ ;

2 - section with connection 8 ₄ ;

3 - node interface with the highway (RS-232 interface);

4 - processing unit;

5 - interface node with the trunk (RS-485 interface);

6 ₁ ... 6 ₃ - processing devices;

7 - shutdown node;

8 ₁ ... 8 ₇ - connections (8 ₁ , 8 ₆ - power transformers with input switches, 8 ₂ , 8 ₃ , 8 ₅ , 8 ₇ - feeders with switches,

8 ₄ - sectional switch);

9 - a group of current signals from CT current transformers;

10 - a group of voltage signals from voltage transformers VT;

11 ₁ ... 11 ₃ - input-output groups of processing units, for communication with external devices, i.e. inputs - outputs of the analog input-output device (U ABB) and inputs / outputs of the discrete input-output device (UDVV);

12 - (RS-232 interface);

13 - (RS-485 interface);

14 - tire system of the first section of the substation;

15 - tire system of the second section of the substation;

TT - current transformers;

ТН - voltage transformers.

Figure 2 marked:

16 - block galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of signals in the form of current;

17 - block galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of signals in the form of voltage;

18 - driver of control and diagnostic signals;

19 is a block of frequency filters;

20 - analog-to-digital Converter processing unit;

21 - microprocessor control system of output relays and alarm in accordance with the protection algorithms of the processing unit.

Figure 3 marked:

22 - operational amplifier of the measuring current transducer of the galvanic isolation unit and scaling the input signals in the form of current;

23 - operational amplifier of the measuring voltage converter of the galvanic isolation unit and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of voltage.

As operational amplifiers, you can use a chip such as QP177GP or similar.

R, R1 - resistors of type C2-33 or similar;

T - current or voltage transformers of the type TT-1T ... TT-5T, TN-1T or similar;

D - diodes of the type 2D510A or similar;

V1 - transistor type BD135 or similar;

V2 - transistor type BD136 or similar.

In figure 4 are indicated:

S1 and S2 - button blocks with a flat button, type 3SB3202, manufactured by SIEMENS or similar;

P1 ... P7 - windings and contacts of the relay type RP-15 of the company "Relpol" or similar;

P1 ... P7 - switches of the APATOR company with a custom switching program or similar;

U is the supply voltage.

The processing unit 4 and the galvanic isolation and pre-scaling unit of the signals in the form of a current 16, the galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling unit of the signals in the form of a voltage 17, a frequency filter unit 19, a diagnostic signal generator 18 and an analog-to-digital converter 20 can be implemented in in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention 7 Н 02 Н 7/26 No. 2173924 dated 03.02.2000 Bull. No. 26 (Fig. 1) or [NN Chernobrovov, V. A. Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems" 1998, p. 778. fig. 22.4]. The drivers for the 3 channels (RS-232) and 5 (RS-485) are located in the microprocessor system and are not shown in the diagram (see page 78). Detailed information on the operation of the processing unit and the microprocessor system is given in the patent and the cited literature on pages 778-783.

All of the above schemes are given to describe the operation of the system.

The figures do not show the operational power supply circuits of the system with switches, test blocks through which phase currents and voltages from current and voltage transformers, blocks of shunt resistors, as well as many hardware components that do not affect the operation of the multiprocessor system, flow.

The multiprocessor system contains three processing devices 6 ₁ -6 ₃ and a shutdown unit 7, each processing unit 6 contains a processing unit 4 and interface units to the trunk 3 and 5, the shutdown unit 7 contains two buttons S1 and S2, seven switches P1 ... P7 and seven relays P1 ... P7, the information inputs and outputs 12 of the second group of each processing device 6 are the first group of inputs and outputs of the system, the second group of inputs and outputs 11 of which is the group of inputs and outputs of the processing units 4, the first 9 and second 10 groups the inputs of which is the first and second th group of system inputs, the information inputs and outputs of the first group of each processing device 6 are

the third group of 13 inputs and outputs of the system, seven groups of outputs of which are the group of outputs of the shutdown node 7, the first 11 ₁ , second 11 ₂ and the third 11 ₃ group of inputs and outputs of which is a group of inputs and outputs of the first, second and third processing unit 4, respectively .

Processing devices 6 ₁ ... 6 ₃ (Fig.2) in a multiprocessor system reserve each other in case of failure and implement the following functions:

- differential current protection with braking from all types of short circuit;

- differential current cutoff from severe internal damage, accompanied by deep saturation of the primary current transformers;

- backup device function;

- prohibition of automatic repeated switching on when differential protection trips.

Differential protections are made three-phase, with independent control of the current in each phase and are based on a comparison of the values and phases of the currents coming to the protected element (in this case, to the substation buses 14 and 15) and departing from it. For this purpose, CT transformers with the same transformation ratio (regardless of the connection power) are installed on all connections 8.

Information about the controlled voltage on the tires enters the processing device 6 from the transformers VT connected with the tires 14 and 15.

In case of damage on the tires of substations of electric networks and high-voltage power plants, the differential protection is triggered as follows:

the signals from the primary CT current transformers and the VT voltage are supplied through the resistors R to the intermediate transformers T of the galvanic isolation units and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current 16 and voltage 17 (Fig. 3) (a description of the operation principle of the differential busbars and the circuit is given in [N .N. Chernobrovov, V.A.Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems" 1998, pp. 734-764, Fig. 20.1, 20.2, 20.5-20.10]).

Intermediate transformers T provide galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals. The primary windings of transformers provide the specified thermal stability during overloads. Precision amplifiers implemented on chips 22 and 23,

diodes D, resistors R, transistors V1 and V2 are used to accurately scale the signals and match the impedances of the intermediate transformers and the analog-to-digital converter. From the outputs of precision amplifiers, the signals are fed to the inputs of the analog filters of the frequency filter unit 19. Low-pass filters pass current and voltage components of a certain frequency and do not pass high-frequency harmonics, which are distortions that distort the sinusoid of the current and voltage. Next, the analog signals are fed to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 20 to change the waveform to discrete (digital), because subsequent signal processing will be performed by digital microcircuits. The input filtered signals are fed to a multiplexer 26 (Fig. 5 of patent No. 2173924), which makes a serial connection of the ADC input 27 (Fig. 5 of patent No. 2173924) to one of the channels of the frequency filter unit 19. The microprocessor device controls the entire operation of the analog-to-digital converter 20. 28 (FIG. 5 of patent No. 2173924), which provides digital filtering of input signals, calculation of secondary electrical parameters of the network, performing self-diagnosis procedures, generating control signals for monitoring and diagnostics, boiling at generator control and diagnosis signals 18, and also supports communication with a microprocessor control system output relays and signaling in accordance with the protection algorithms 21 through buffer registers 29 (Figure 5 of the patent №2173924). Thus, the microprocessor control system of the output relays and alarm in accordance with the protection algorithms 21 receives the values of the electrical parameters from the connections and the bus system from the analog-to-digital converter 20 and information about the status of the digital inputs from the air-conditioning system. Based on this information, as well as the values of program keys and settings stored in the EPROM, control commands for the output relays and alarm are generated in accordance with the protection algorithms, which are sent via channel 11 to the shutdown node 7 and to the control and signaling objects (to the automatic re-enable and control panel). In addition to the protection and automation functions, the central processor of the microprocessor control system of the output relays and the alarm in accordance with the protection algorithms [NN Chernobrovov, V. A. Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems", 1998, p. 78, Fig. 22.4] controls the mini-display , serves the keyboard of the remote control, and also provides an exchange with

personal computer through the interface node with the trunk (driver) 3 and the automated control system (ACS) through the interface node with the trunk (driver) 5. For more information on the operation of the microprocessor control system of the output relay and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms, see [N .N. Chernobrovov, V.A.Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems" 1998, pp. 778-783].

The shutdown node 7 (Fig. 4) receives, through channels 11, from the processing devices 6, signals to disconnect all the connections of the damaged bus section and a signal to prohibit automatic reconnection of these connections. In accordance with these signals, the relay P is activated and the corresponding connection 8 receives a signal to open the connection switch.

The fixation of all connections 8 ₁ ... 8 ₇ in the system is changed using switches P1 ... P7, and the connection configured as a section switch can be fixed to the first 14 or second bus section 15 or output, the remaining connections can also be fixed to the first or a second section of tires or bred. The protection release and acknowledgment (reset) occurs from the buttons S1 and S2 of the shutdown unit 7.

Thus, a multiprocessor system has advanced functional and hardware capabilities since provides:

- performing the functions of differential protection of tires with direct disconnection of the connections;

- automation of the process of collecting information about the state of inputs, connections and switches of the monitoring and control object;

- automation of the collection, registration, analysis and storage of information about emergency processes and events, etc. while maintaining all the functions of the prototype.

Claims (1)

A multiprocessor system containing N-processing devices (N = 3), each processing device comprising a processing unit and two interface nodes with a trunk, the information inputs and outputs of the second group of each N-th processing device being the first group of system inputs and outputs, the second the group of inputs and outputs of which is a group of inputs and outputs of the N-th processing units, the first and second group of inputs of which are the first and second group of inputs of the system, characterized in that a shutdown unit is introduced into it, and the node is disconnected It contains two buttons, seven switches and seven relays, and the information inputs and outputs of the first group of each Nth processing device are the third group of inputs and outputs of the system, the seven output groups of which are the group of outputs of the shutdown unit, the first, second and third group of inputs the outputs of which is a group of inputs and outputs of the first, second and third processing unit, respectively.