RU56678U1 - MULTI-PROCESSOR HIGH VOLT TRANSFORMER RELAY PROTECTION SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to computing and relay protection technology and is intended for relay protection of a high voltage transformer. The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functional and hardware capabilities of the system by introducing the functions of direct control of a high voltage transformer while maintaining the automation functions of the process of collecting information about the state of inputs, connections of the monitoring and control object, automating the collection, registration, analysis and storage of information about emergency processes with the possibility of group configuration and control settings microprocessor relay protection devices, collecting diagnostic information from the blocks relay protection and automation. A multiprocessor system contains three processing devices and a switching unit. The proposed multiprocessor system can be used as a multifunctional fault-tolerant software and hardware complex for solving problems of controlling relay protection and automation devices.

Description

The utility model relates to computing and relay protection technology and is designed to protect and regulate the transformation ratio of a power transformer with voltage up to 220 kV.

Known multiprocessor computing system [A.S. G 06 F 15 \ 16 No. 1820391 B.I. No. 21 1993] containing N - processing devices, M - input / output devices and a storage device, the processing device comprising a computing unit, first and second shutdown units, a pulse shaper, a control trigger and an AND element used to solve various control problems, but it has limited functional and hardware capabilities for protecting and regulating a high-voltage transformer.

Multiprocessor computing system [A.S. G 06 F 15 \ 16 No. 1805477 B.I. No. 12 1993] containing N processing devices and N communication nodes, each processing device comprising a processing unit and two interface nodes with a trunk, each communication node containing nine AND elements, four OR elements, and the trigger has ample reconfiguration to solve various tasks, but also has limited functional and hardware capabilities for protecting and regulating a high-voltage transformer.

The closest technical solution is a multi-microprocessor relay protection and automation system with the display of information on a common display [Patent RU G 06 F 15 \ 16 No. 49304 B.I. No. 31 2005] containing N processing devices, a device for interfacing with an object, a recorder of emergency processes and events, a functional controller with a display and a processor, each processing device containing a processing unit and two nodes for interfacing with a trunk. The prototype has wide functionality for controlling various information processing processes, but also has limited functional and hardware capabilities for protecting and regulating a high-voltage transformer.

The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functional and hardware capabilities of the system by introducing the protection and regulation functions of a high-voltage transformer.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a known system containing N - processing devices (N = 3) and emergency recorder

processes and events, and each processing device contains a processing unit and two nodes for interfacing with the trunk, and the recorder of emergency processes and events contains a registration node and two nodes for interfacing with the trunk, and the information inputs and outputs of the second group of each N-th processing device and emergency recorder processes and events are the first group of inputs and outputs of the system, the second group of inputs and outputs of which is a group of inputs and outputs of the Nth processing units, the first and second group of inputs of which and the reg is the first and second group of system inputs, a switching node is introduced, and the switching node contains n - diodes, six relays and m - load resistors, and the information inputs and outputs of the first group of each N-th processing device and recorder of emergency processes and events are the third a group of inputs and outputs of a system, the group of outputs of which is a group of outputs of a switching unit, the first, second and third group of inputs and outputs of which is a group of inputs and outputs of the first, second, and third processing units, respectively Accordingly, the third and fourth group of inputs of the system is the first and second group of inputs of the switching unit, the fourth group of inputs and outputs of which is the fourth group of inputs and outputs of the system.

Figure 1 shows the connection diagram of a multiprocessor relay protection system with a high-voltage transformer with a switch.

Figure 2 is an example implementation of a processing device.

Figure 3 is an example implementation of blocks of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage.

The diagram shows examples of the implementation of one of the galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of current and voltage from the total number of galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals, determined by the number of input analog current and voltage signals.

Figure 4 is an example implementation of a fragment of a switching node circuit with control circuits of the electromagnets of the transformer circuit breaker and its protection devices.

Figure 1 marked:

1 - transformer switch type 3AP1-FG-1 or similar;

2 - high voltage transformer;

3 ₁ ... 3 ₃ - processing devices;

4 - recorder of emergency processes and events;

5 - processing unit;

6 - registration node;

7 - node interface with the highway (RS-232 interface);

8 - node interface with the highway (RS-232 interface);

9 - switching node;

10 _{1/10 2} - high-voltage line 220/110 kV;

11 - a group of current signals from a high voltage line;

12 is a group of voltage signals from a high voltage line;

13 - (RS-232 interface);

14 ₁ -14 ₃ - groups of inputs and outputs of the processing units, for communication with external devices, i.e. inputs / outputs of an analog input-output device (UABB) and inputs / outputs of a discrete input-output device (UDVV);

15 - (RS-485 interface);

16 - group of signals of external protection and automation located in the substation;

17 - a group of signals from the control keys and remote control signals;

18 - a group of output signals to other substation cabinets;

19 is a group of control signals for a high voltage transformer with a switch.

Figure 2 marked:

20 - block galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of signals in the form of current;

21 - driver of control and diagnostic signals;

22 - block galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of signals in the form of voltage;

23 - block frequency filters;

24 - analog-to-digital Converter processing unit;

25 - microprocessor control system for output relays and alarm in accordance with the protection algorithms of the processing unit.

Figure 3 marked:

26 - operational amplifier of the measuring current transducer of the galvanic isolation unit and scaling of the input signals in the form of current;

27 - operational amplifier of the measuring voltage converter of the galvanic isolation unit and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of voltage.

As operational amplifiers, you can use a chip such as QP177GP or similar.

R, R1 - resistors of type C2-33 or similar;

T - current or voltage transformers of the type TT-1T ... TT-5T, TN-1T or similar;

D - diodes of the type 2D510A or similar;

V1 - transistor type BD135 or similar;

V2 - transistor type BD136 or similar.

In figure 4 are indicated:

28 - the first electromagnet tripping circuit breaker;

29 - second electromagnet tripping circuit breaker

30 - electromagnet switching transformer switch;

31 - control device under load type VACUTAP company MP or similar;

32 - gas relay type RGChZ-66 or similar;

33 - safety valve series 208/213 from QualiTROL or similar;

K1 ... K6 - windings and contacts of the relay type RP-15 of the company "Relpol" or similar;

D1 ... Dn - diodes of the type RL-207 of the company "DC Components CO LTD" or similar;

R1 ... Rm - resistors type 214-8 type "APATOR" or similar;

- U is the supply voltage.

The processing unit 5 and the galvanic isolation and pre-scaling unit of the signals in the form of current 20, the galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling unit of the signals in the form of voltage 22, the frequency filter unit 23, the diagnostic signal generator 21 and the analog-to-digital converter 24 can be implemented in in accordance with the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention 7 Н 02 Н 7/26 No. 2173924 dated 03.02.2000 Bull. No. 26 (Fig. 1) or [N.N. Chernobrovov, V.A.Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems" 1998, p.778. fig. 22.4]. The drivers for 7 channels (RS-232) and 8 (RS-485) are located in the microprocessor system and are not shown in the diagram (see page 78). Detailed information on the operation of the processing unit and the microprocessor system is given in the patent and the cited literature on pages 778-783.

The recorder of emergency processes and events 4 is made and operates in accordance with the description given in the prototype.

All of the above schemes are given to describe the operation of the system.

The figures do not show the operational power supply circuits of the system with switches and switches, test units through which phase currents and voltages from current transformers and line voltage are supplied, as well as many hardware components that do not affect the operation of the multiprocessor system.

The multiprocessor system contains three processing devices 3 ₁ -3 ₃ , a recorder of emergency processes and events 4, which includes a registration unit 6, a switching unit 9, each processing device 3 contains a processing unit 5 and interface units with a trunk 7 and 8, a switching unit 9 contains n - diodes D, six relays K1 ... K6 and m - load resistors R, information inputs-outputs 13 of the second group of each processing device 3 and the recorder of emergency processes and events 4 are the first group of inputs and outputs of the system, the second group of inputs - outputs 14 which is a group of inputs and outputs of processing units 5, the first 11 and second 12 group of inputs of which and the registration unit 6 is the first and second group of system inputs, the information inputs and outputs of the first group of each processing device 3 and the emergency processes and events recorder 4 are the third group 15 inputs and outputs of the system, the group of outputs 18 of which is the group of outputs of the switching unit 9, the first 14 ₁ , the second 14 ₂ and the third 14 ₃ group of inputs and outputs of which is the group of inputs and outputs of the first, second and third block Work 5, respectively, the third 16 and fourth 17 group of inputs of the system is the first and second group of inputs of the switching node 9, the fourth 19 group of inputs and outputs of which is the fourth group of inputs and outputs of the system.

Processing devices 3 ₁ -3 ₃ (figure 2) in a multiprocessor system reserve each other in case of failure and implement the following functions:

3 ₁ - differential current protection with braking from all types of internal short circuit;

- differential current cutoff from severe internal damage, accompanied by deep saturation of the primary current transformers;

- the function of the backup device in the event of a circuit breaker 1 failure.

3 ₂ - three-stage overcurrent protection with combined voltage start;

- protection against phase failure;

- gas protection using gas relay 32;

- arc protection using a safety valve 33;

- the function of locking control devices under load 31;

- the function of controlling the drive of the cooling system (not shown in the figure);

- the function of the backup device in the event of a circuit breaker 1 failure.

3 ₃ - drive control of the control device under load;

- automatic regulation of the transformation coefficient of the transformer 2, as well as a large number of other specific protections and work as follows:

- the signals from the primary current and voltage transformers high-voltage line 10 _{1/10 2} into through resistors R to an intermediate transformer T blocks galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals in the form of voltage and current 20 and 22 (Figure 3).

Intermediate transformers T provide galvanic isolation and preliminary scaling of the input signals. The primary windings of transformers provide the specified thermal stability during overloads. Precision amplifiers implemented on microcircuits 26 and 27, diodes D, resistors R, transistors V1 and V2 are used to accurately scale signals and match the impedances of intermediate transformers and an analog-to-digital converter. From the outputs of precision amplifiers, the signals are fed to the inputs of the analog filters of the frequency filter unit 23. The low-pass filters transmit current and voltage components of a certain frequency and do not pass high-frequency harmonics, which are interferences that distort the sinusoid of the current and voltage. Next, the analog signals are fed to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 24 to change the waveform to discrete (digital), because subsequent signal processing will be performed by digital microcircuits. The input filtered signals are fed to a multiplexer 26 (FIG. 5 of patent No. 2173924), which makes a serial connection of the ADC input 27 (FIG. 5 of patent No. 2173924) to one of the channels of the frequency filter block 23. All microprocessor device controls the operation of the analog-to-digital converter 27. 28 (figure 5 of patent No. 2173924), which provides digital filtering of input signals, calculation of secondary electrical parameters of the network, the implementation of procedures

self-diagnosis, the formation of control signals for monitoring and diagnostics received by the shaper of control and diagnostic signals 21, and also supports exchange with a microprocessor-based control system for output relays and alarms in accordance with protection algorithms 25 through buffer registers 29 (Fig. 5 of patent No. 2173924). Thus, the microprocessor control system of the output relays and the alarm system in accordance with protection algorithms 25 receives the values of the electrical parameters of the protected object from the analog-to-digital converter 24 and the status of the digital inputs from the air-conditioning system. Based on this information, as well as the values of program keys and settings stored in the EPROM, control commands for the output relays and alarm are generated in accordance with the protection algorithms, which are transmitted via channel 14 to the switching unit 9 and to the control and signaling objects. In addition to the protection and automation functions, the central processor of the microprocessor control system for the output relays and the alarm in accordance with the protection algorithms [NN Chernobrovov, V. A. Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems", 1998, p. 78, Fig. 22.4] controls the mini-display , maintains the keyboard of the remote control, and also provides an exchange with a personal computer through the interface node with the trunk (driver) 7 and with an automated control system (ACS) through the interface node with the trunk (driver) 8. More detailed information about the operation microprocessor control system of output relays and alarm in accordance with protection algorithms is given in [NN Chernobrovov, V. A. Semenov "Relay protection of energy systems" 1998, pp. 778-783].

The switching node 9 receives the signals:

- on channels 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ , 14 ₃ from processing units 5;

- on channel 16 from external protection and automation devices located at the substation, for example, pressure switches, insulation monitoring devices, etc .;

- on channel 17 from the control keys and telecontrol;

- on channel 19, as an example, from the gas relay 32 and the safety valve 33.

The switching node 9 generates control signals:

- electromagnets on 30 and off 28, 29 of the switch of the transformer 1;

- control device under load 31;

- other substation cabinets.

Work protective devices.

Gas relay 32

The gas relay is used to protect and shut off oil transformers with a capacity of 1000 kVA or more, in the event of defects such as:

- spark discharge or arc between the leading parts, the magnetic circuit or the housing;

- coil closure;

- air entering the structure, in case of violations of its tightness, etc. etc.

For example, when an arc arises inside the transformer around it, violent gas evolution begins and when gases accumulate in the upper part of the gas relay, the contact closes the signal in channel 19, which then passes through the load resistors R1 ... Rm and channel 14 ₂ to the inputs of the processing device 3 ₂ . The circuit (Fig. 7.6 [2]) and a description of the operation of the gas relay are given in ["Power transformers". Reference book / ed. S.D. Lizunova, A.K. Lohanina. M .: Energoizdat, 2004 - Pages 270-272] [1], as well as in [Figurnov EP "Relay protection". Textbook for high schools. transp. M .: Zheldorizdat, 2002 - pp. 297-299] [2].

Safety valve 33

In case of short circuits inside the transformer, under the influence of the arcing arising at the same time, the decomposition of oil and rapid evolution of gases occur. Inside the transformer tank, the pressure rises sharply, which can lead to significant mechanical damage to the structure. As soon as the pressure in the tank reaches a certain value, the valve opens, the pressure in the tank is released and a signal is generated on the electrical contacts in channel 19, which then passes through the load resistors R1 ... Rm and channel 14 ₂ to the inputs of the processing device 3 ₂ . The diagram (Fig. 14.5) and a description of the operation of the safety valve are given in ["Power transformers". Reference book / ed. S.D. Lizunova, A.K. Lohanina. M .: Energoizdat, 2004 - Pages 269-270].

Load regulation device 31

To eliminate the damage that occurs in the industry, when the voltage deviates from the specified parameters, the transformer uses online voltage regulation (change of the transformation coefficient). The control device under load provides the ability to quickly change the voltage without interrupting the supply of the consumer, in particular

counter voltage regulation in the power system is provided. The control device under load is controlled by processing devices 3 ₂ and 3 ₃ through channels 14 ₂ and 14 ₃ through relays K3, K4. Diodes D are used for pulse signaling. The diagram (Fig. 3.3, 3.5, 3.8-3.11) and a description of the operation of the control device under load are given in ["Power transformers". Reference book / ed. S.D. Lizunova, A.K. Lohanina. M .: Energoizdat, 2004 - Pages 57-70].

Transformer Switch 1.

1. Turn on the transformer switch.

Operational closing of the circuit breaker is carried out on a circuit 17 from an external control key (remote control circuits) or 16 against external protection (not shown in the figures) through a relay K5 or K1, K6 or K2 (Fig. 4). With its contacts, the relay gives signals on channel 19 to the electromagnet 30 of the switch.

Operational closing of the circuit breaker with monitoring the presence of voltage on the lines 10 ₁ (before the circuit breaker) and 10 ₂ (after the transformer) is carried out by the processing device 3 ₁ through channel 14 ₁ through relay K1, K2. By their contacts - the relay gives signals to the electromagnet 30 of the circuit breaker.

2. Turn off the transformer switch.

Operational shutdown of the circuit breaker is carried out on a circuit 17 from an external control key (remote control circuits) or 16 from an external protection (not shown in the figures) through a relay K5 or K1, K6 or K2 (Fig. 4). By its contacts, the relay gives signals on channel 19 to both electromagnets 28 and 29 of the circuit breaker tripping.

Thus, a multiprocessor system has advanced functional and hardware capabilities since provides:

- Performing the functions of relay protection, automation and control of a high-voltage transformer;

- direct regulation under load, which provides the ability to quickly change the voltage without interrupting the supply of the consumer;

- direct control of a high voltage transformer;

- automation of the process of collecting information about the state of inputs, connections and switches of the monitoring and control object;

- automation of the collection, registration, analysis and storage of information about emergency processes and events, etc. while maintaining all the functions of the prototype.

Claims (1)

A multiprocessor system containing N processing devices (N = 3) and a recorder of emergency processes and events, with each processing device containing a processing unit and two nodes coupled to the trunk, and the recorder of emergency processes and events contains a registration node and two nodes coupled to the trunk, the information inputs and outputs of the second group of each N-th processing device and the recorder of emergency processes and events are the first group of inputs and outputs of the system, the second group of inputs and outputs of which are groups of the input-output N-processing blocks, the first and second group of inputs of which and the registration node is the first and second group of inputs of the system, characterized in that a switching node is introduced into it, and the switching node contains n diodes, six relays and m load resistors moreover, the information inputs and outputs of the first group of each N-th processing device and the recorder of emergency processes and events are the third group of inputs and outputs of the system, the group of outputs of which is the group of outputs of the switching node, the first, second and third Rupp whose inputs-outputs is a group of inputs-outputs of the first, second and third processing unit, respectively, the third and fourth inputs of the system is the first and second group of inputs of the switching node, the fourth group of inputs of which outputs a fourth group of inputs-outputs system.