RU55054U1 - BOTTOM HYDRAULIC INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of water supply, in particular, the use of kinetic energy of a supply water stream for lifting water from a well and can be used for water supply to isolated consumers, including agricultural water supply, irrigation, fire fighting, etc. in areas where there are conditions necessary for the operation of the installation. The task of creating a utility model is to develop a technical solution - a hydraulic ram installation, which allows it to be used for raising underground water. In Fig.1 presents a diagram of the proposed hydraulic ram installation, and Fig.2 is a variant of the installation in rough terrain. The proposed borehole hydraulic ram installation allows you to "raise" (transport to the surface) underground water through the channel of a borehole drilled to the absorption zone without using any external energy. In it, the kinetic energy of the water stream is directly converted into useful work. The proposed installation is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly water lift.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of water supply, in particular, the use of kinetic energy of a supply water stream for lifting water from a well and can be used for water supply to isolated consumers, including agricultural water supply, irrigation, fire fighting, etc. in areas where there are conditions necessary for the operation of the installation.

Known water-air lifts (airlift) used in water supply for lifting water from deep wells (D.S. Tsiklauri "Hydraulics, agricultural water supply and hydraulic power plants." M. Publishing House of Letters, construction. 1970. - pp. 46-80 , [one]). Airlift includes air and water lift pipes, nozzle, receiving tank, compressor and receiver. Airlifts are characterized by a simple design that does not have moving parts, ease of manufacture, and the possibility of long-term operation without complicated maintenance.

The disadvantage of such a water lift is the need to use electric energy to drive the compressor, its low efficiency.

A well-known energy-saving water-lifting installation, adopted by the prototype of this technical solution, using the principle of a hydraulic ram (Kuzmin AE Water-lifts and hydraulic motors with an energy-saving drive. Publishing house of Irkutsk, 2000, [2]).

^*) For information:

In the process of evolution, hydraulic rams have been developed. So hydrotaran was improved [3] (UK patent GB 197.824 class F 04 F 7/02, publ. 24.05.23 g), which allows you to additionally set in motion an active turbine. Other directions for improving rams are related to the development and improvement of two-fluid rams. Of interest are rams

performing the functions of a hydromechanical converter (USSR Author's Certificate No. 918576, class F 04 F 7/02, publ. 07.04.82. Bull. No. 13, [4]).

The principle of operation of the ram device adopted as a prototype is based on a change in pressure in the pressure pipe as a result of a sharp change in the fluid velocity (water hammer). The hydraulic ram type lift comprises a feed tank, a feed pipe, a shock valve, a feed valve, an air valve, a pressure pipe. Water, pouring from the feed tank through the feed pipe through the neck of the shock valve, flows into the flow channel. When a certain speed is reached under the action of a high-speed pressure, the shock valve closes sharply, cutting off the flow of water. At the dead end of the feed pipe, pressure rises sharply (water hammer occurs), under the influence of which the discharge valve opens and water enters the air cap, compresses the air and then into the pressure pipe. After closing the discharge valve (under the influence of weight), the pressure decreases in the dead end of the feed pipe with the formation of a vacuum (reflection cycle). The shock valve opens and the cycle repeats.

The disadvantage of the elevator adopted for the prototype is the limited conditions for its use - it works only with the use of surface water sources, which does not allow raising groundwater for subsequent use, the existence of which is common.

The task of creating a utility model is to develop a technical solution - a hydraulic ram installation, which allows it to be used for raising underground water.

The task is achieved by the fact that the water-lifting installation adopted as a prototype, including a water source, a feed pipe, a shock valve installed in it, an air cap connected to it via a pressure valve, to which a pressure-lifting water pipe is connected, is installed in

mining, for example, a borehole "crossing" an underground aquifer and an absorption zone located below it, wherein the source of water is an underground aquifer, an air cap with a pressure head water pipe is installed in the well, the upper end of the water pipe being located at the wellhead, and the feed pipe is an annular channel formed by the walls of the borehole or casing and a pressure head water pipe with an air cap in the interval between the aquifer and hydrochloric absorption.

In rough terrain, the absorption zone may be a day surface to which a borehole is drilled obliquely or directionally.

For the case of rough terrain for the purpose of water supply, the well in intersection with the day surface can be connected to the water supply system of the downstream consumer.

To achieve environmental, resource-saving effects, by preventing water depletion of water sources, as well as lowering their level, the proposed downhole hydraulic ram installation can be equipped with a control valve, for example, including a seat installed in the well and a core which is lowered into it by a cable, interacting when the water is shut off with a saddle. This allows you to shut off the water supply in necessary cases, for example, during breaks in its use.

To ensure resource conservation, the proposed downhole hydraulic ram installation in violated intervals of the borehole, in which there are conditions for fluid to “escape” from the well to surrounding rocks during its axial movement, by eliminating such “withdrawal,” violated well intervals can be plugged. To isolate the indicated intervals, technological methods known in drilling practice are used, which include the following: plugging of disturbance zones using grouting mixtures, for example, materials based on cements,

synthetic materials; "Overlapping" zones of violation using pipes - metal, ceramic, synthetic (polymer), etc.

In Fig.1 presents a diagram of the proposed hydraulic ram installation, and Fig.2 is a variant of the installation in rough terrain. Figure 1 and 2 introduced the following notation: 1 - well with casing; 2 - aquifer; 3 - filter capacity; 4 - perforation in the casing; 4 '- perforation in the filter tank; 5 - water in the filter tank; 6 - water level in the filter tank; 6 'is the nutritional interval; 7 - shock valve; 8 - emphasis; 9 - rubber element of the shock valve; 10 - outlet interval of the well; 11 - absorbing zone; 12 - discharge valve; 13 - air cap; 14 - fitting - air position controller; 15 - pressure head pipeline; 16 - gate valve; 16 '- valve of the outlet channel; 17 - cable lift shock valve; 18 - a hose; 19 - air source; 20 - the actual ram; 21 - mountain topography; h - water injection height; h ₁ - the pressure under which the ram works (the length of the nutrient interval); h ₂ - the position of the operating level during installation; Q - water flow rate in the nutrient range; g is the flow rate of water through the water-lifting pipeline; Q ₁ - water flow through the outlet channel.

The aquifer zone 2 and the lower absorbing zone 11 were drilled by well 1. In the interval of the aquifer, a pipe of a larger diameter with perforation holes 4 'and a filter from the wire winding was installed outside. The pipe of smaller diameter 1 also has perforations 4. Water from the aquifer 2 through the filter and perforations 4 'enters the annular channel formed by pipes of larger and smaller diameters, and through the perforations 4 it enters the well. The water level in the well is set to a value corresponding to the static level of the aquifer, a similar level is also in the filter tank 6. A stop 8 is installed on the ledge of the well, to which an air cap 13 with a pressure head water pipe 15 is connected, the upper end of which is brought out to the mouth

wells and is equipped with a valve 16. In the pipeline below the air cap is installed a discharge valve 12. The outlet interval of the well 10 is made smaller in diameter compared to the casing 1. The stop 8 is provided with holes. The valve 7, mating with the stop 8 is provided with holes, so that when pairing the valve 7 with the stop 8, their holes do not match. To fill the air cap 13 with air and provide the necessary pressure, the installation is equipped with an air source 19 with a hose 18 and a valve. In the case of rough terrain (Fig. 2), the aquifer 2 is drilled by the well 1 and it is drilled directionally (obliquely) to the slope 21. A water supply network of the downstream consumer is connected to it by means of a valve 16 '.

A downhole hydraulic ram installation is as follows. With the shock valve 7 open, a water flow is established in the annular channel of the borehole 6 'at a speed of ϑ (flow rate Q). The water level in the pressure head pipe 15 is lower than the level in the filter tank 6 (and the annular channel of the well 6 ') by

where, ρ is the density of water, ;

υ is the water velocity in the annular channel of the well, .

When closing the shock valve 7 under the action of high-speed water pressure, a hydraulic shock occurs and the water pressure in the supravalve space rises sharply. If the shock valve 7 closes quickly (time to shut off is less where h ₁ - the length of the nutrient interval of the annular channel of the well, m; u is the speed of sound in water, ), the pressure rises by ρ · u · υ. This allows you to assess how much h ₂ can rise in the water level in the pressure head pipe 15.

ρ · u · υ = ρ · g · h ₂ , whence

The water flow at the aquifer in the annular channel is added according to the following expression:

Q = Q ₁ + g

The flow rate Q · h _{1 is} used in the ram to lift the liquid through the pressure head water pipe 15 with a flow rate g to a height of h ₂ . In this case, the power balance equation of the ram unit has the following form:

Q · H = g · h ₂

The expression for determining the energy efficiency of the proposed hydraulic ram installation is as follows:

The discharge height h ₂ varies within (5-10) N at h ₁ = 1 ÷ 10 m. Therefore, in practical conditions, the maximum discharge height of the proposed installation can reach 100 m.

The energy efficiency of the installation depends on the ratio h ₂ / h ₁ and is:

from η = 0.85 for h ₂ / h ₁ = 2,

up to η = 0.45 ÷ 0.4 for h ₂ / h ₁ = 10

Depending on the size of the well, pressure head water pipeline and the ratio h ₂ / h ₁ , the supply of rams varies from g = 0.07 · Q (for large h ₂ / h ₁ ), to g = 0.04 · Q (for small h ₂ / h ₁ ).

The opening of the shock valve occurs at the time of the beat is reflected (the formation of vacuum in nadklapannym space). To increase the reliability of opening the shock valve, the density of the material from which it is made should be less than the density of water.

In a specific example, to implement the proposed hydraulic ram installation, well 1 was drilled with a main drilling diameter of 108 mm. In the process of drilling a well, an aquifer 2 was drilled, the boundaries of which, determined by the method of downhole flow metering, are in the interval 72.0-78.0 m. The flow rate of the aquifer is 0.11 , the static water level of the aquifer is H _c = 70 m.

After drilling the aquifer, the well is drilled further with the main drilling diameter to the absorption zone, which is in the range of 102.0-103.0 m and is represented by fractured rocks. As a result of drilling the absorption zone in the well, an overflow is established from the aquifer to the absorption zone with complete absorption of water.

Subsequently, the well is equipped, according to the above description of its structure, in particular, the working interval of the well in the interval H is drilled with a large diameter and a casing pipe ⌀146 mm 1 is installed in it, perforated in the interval of the absorption zone 4 'and on which a filter in the form of a wire winding is installed . In the lower part of the casing 4 of the main drilling diameter, an abutment 8 is installed, with which the casing of the main drilling diameter abuts against a protrusion in the well. The value of H is 100 m. In the stopper, holes were made for fluid to flow into the outlet interval of the well 10 and then to the absorption zone 11, and a pressure-lifting pipe 15 ⌀ 63 mm connected to it with elements of its channel. These elements are an air cap 13, in the lower part of which a discharge valve 12 is installed, and in the upper part at the mouth there is a valve of the water-lifting channel 16. The air cap 13 is equipped with a fitting 14 to which a hose 18 with a valve 16 'connected to a source of compressed air is connected 19.

After lifting through the cable 17 of the shock valve and releasing it, the downhole hydraulic ram installation is put into operation. Dynamic water level in

the well during operation of the downhole hydraulic ram was installed at around 70.0 m (h ₂ = 70 m).

Given the fact that h ₂ = 70 m, it is possible to determine the value of h ₁ , which is determined by the following relation: h ₁ = H-h ₂ or h ₁ = 100 m -70 m = 30 m. Thus, the main structural elements of a downhole hydraulic ram installation are:

h ₁ = 30 m, h ₂ = 70 m, N = 100 m.

At the same time, during the open state of the valve 7, in the annular channel of the well 6 ', a water flow is established where S _count - the area of the annular channel on the working interval of the well, m ² . When closing the shock valve 7 under the action of high-speed water pressure, a hydraulic shock occurs and the water pressure in the supravalve space rises and the liquid in the pressure pipe rises.

Based on the main relations of the operation of the hydrotamper unit, with energy efficiency at , η = 0.85. In this case, the supply can be determined from the ratio: g = 0.07 Q or g = 0.07 · 0.07 · 0.11 m ³ / s = 7.7 · 10 ^-3 m ³ / s. The indicated feed value is confirmed in practice.

It is known that a utility model must be new and industrially applicable. Its industrial applicability (by analogy with the prototype) is obvious. Regarding the correspondence of the proposed solution to a new technical level, - in our opinion, the sign “... a downhole hydraulic ram is installed in the distinctive part of the utility model formula” is installed in a borehole that “crosses” an underground aquifer and an absorption zone located below it, with a water source is an underground aquifer and hereinafter ... ", as well as items 2, 3, 4, 5 The formulas are not obvious to a specialist of average qualification in geological exploration profile (hydrogeologist, geologist, bu rovik). Given this, in our opinion

In the opinion, the proposed downhole hydraulic ram installation also meets the criterion of a new technical level.

In the case of rough terrain (figure 2), the proposed downhole hydraulic ram raises water to the day surface, which is discharged to consumers using a valve 16, and part of the water entering the outlet interval of the well through a valve 16 'is discharged to water consumers located below the intersection of the well with the day surface (in the case of its construction in rough terrain). Moreover, the pressure determined by the position of the dynamic level in the outlet interval of the well, and the location of the consumer is the energetic stimulator of water movement, which complements the effect of energy and water conservation of the proposed installation. It should be noted that in the case of rough terrain using the proposed installation, if necessary, water supply can be organized only through the outlet interval of the well (without lifting the ram itself) for this, by means of the cable 17, the shock valve 7 is lifted and held.

It can be seen from the foregoing that for operation of a well of a hydraulic ram device, additional external energy sources (electric power, thermal energy, etc.) are not required. In it, the kinetic energy of the water stream is directly converted into useful work. Thus, the proposed installation is an energy-saving and environmentally friendly water lift.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT

1. Tsiklauri D.S. "Hydraulics, agricultural water supply and hydraulic power plants." M., Publishing House of Construction Literature, 1970

2. Kuzmin A.E. Water lifts and hydraulic motors with energy-efficient drive. Ed. ISU, Irkutsk, 2000 - prototype.

3. Baltzersen V.D. Improvement of hydraulic rams. GB Patent GB 197.824, cl. F 04 F 7/02. publ. 05.24.23 g.

4. Suzyumov EA Unukovich V.P. Gidrotaran. Auth. testimonial. USSR No. 918576, class F 04 F 7/02, publ. 04/07/82, bull. No. 13.

Claims (4)

1. A downhole hydraulic ram installation, including a water source, a feed pipe, a shock valve installed therein, connected to it via a feed channel, an air cap to which a pressure head water pipe is connected, characterized in that it is installed in a mine, for example, a borehole crossing the underground aquifer and the absorption zone below it, while the source of water is the underground aquifer, an air cap with a pressure head pipe installed n in the well, the upper end of the riser being located at the wellhead, and the feed pipe is an annular channel formed by the walls of the well or casing and a pressure head riser with an air cap in the interval between the aquifer and the absorption zone. 2. The downhole hydraulic ram installation according to claim 1, characterized in that in rough terrain the absorption zone is a day surface to which a borehole is drilled obliquely or directionally. 3. The downhole hydraulic ram installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the well at the intersection with the day surface is connected to a water consumption system, for example, located below the consumer. 4. The downhole hydraulic ram installation according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that it is equipped with a controllable valve installed in the well.